Análisis de los Resultados nacionales obtenidos por grupos estatales de investigación del el cáncer ruso. Programa de Cribado de Enfermedades de la Mucosa Oral y Borde Bermellón / Analysis of The Results Obtained by National Research Groups with The Russian State Cancer Program for The Screening of Diseases of The Oral Mucosa and The Vermillion Border

This article analyzes the results obtained by national research groups in the implementation of the Russian State Cancer Program. From 2015 to the first half of 2019, specialists studied the epidemiology and structure of oncological and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and the vermillion border in 486,059 persons aged 18-92 years living in Tula, the Tula region, Moscow and Noyabrsk as a result of screening and medical aid appealability. In this period, the productivity of the research group from Tula grew by the factor of 18.92. The results of the research confirm low cancer alertness of practicing dentists. An individual patient registration card has been developed to systematize data and create a diagnostic register for the screening of cancer and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and the vermillion border.

[Implementation of the national program of cancer screening of oral precancerous and oncological diseases in the Russian Federation]. / Realizatsiia natsional'noi programmy onkoskrininga predrakovykh i onkologicheskikh zabolevanii slizistoi obolochki rta u naseleniia Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

The aim of the study is to implement the national project created within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 'Development of the program of screening of cancer and precancerous diseases of the oral mucosa and red border of the lips'. For its approbation and implementation, national research groups have been created at the bases of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the Moscow State Medical and Dental University, the Tula regional dental clinic, City dental clinic in Noyabrsk City (Yamal-Nenets autonomous district), which in the period from 2015 to the first half of 2018 studied the epidemiology of cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa and the vermilion among 217 806 people aged 18-92 years. Over three and a half years, the effectiveness of the research team increased by 8.45 times. The results of the study confirmed the low oncological alertness of dentists. Educational working program for dentists training 'Screening of diagnostics of precancerous diseases and cancer of the oral mucosa - AFS-D Set' was developed by coordinators of the project and implemented for training of 574 dentists within continuous medical education programs.

Antiproliferative effects and insulin-like growth factor-I expression in Balb-C 3T3 fibroblasts after treatment with somatostatin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs.

The present study was aimed to compare antiproliferative effects of somatostatin (SS) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) on a fibroblast cell line. Proliferation index, cell count, viability of the cells and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity were determined after treatment with either SS (100 microM/ml), GnRHa (35 nM/ml) or SS and GnRHa of Balb-C 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. It was found that the proliferation index, cell count, viability and IGF-I immunoreactivity were not affected by GnRHa treatment as compared with no treatment (p > 0.05). Application of SS to the fibroblasts resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation index, cell count, and IGF-I immunoreactivity as compared with GnRHa treatment and no treatment, but it had no effect on cell viability. The labelling index in SS-treated cells was significantly reduced as compared with combined treatment with SS and GnRHa. In conclusion, a direct effect of GnRHa on fibroblast cells in culture could not be demonstrated. SS had direct inhibitory effects on cell proliferation possibly via inhibition of IGF-I effects without affecting cell viability.

Knowledge on lactational amenorrhoea and contraception in Kocaeli, Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge of women about lactational amenorrhoea and contraceptive properties of breastfeeding. DESIGN: A prospective, randomised descriptive study. SETTING: Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. SUBJECTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred and twenty-two women in their reproductive ages. INTERVENTION: A questionnaire was filled by doctors or nurses during face to face interview. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: There was significantly less knowledge for the importance of frequency and duration of suckling (p < 0.0001). The education increases the knowledge of lactational amenorrhoea as a interruptus contraceptive method. RESULTS: More than fifty-three per cent of women were using one of the modern contraceptive methods, 23.86% were using natural methods and 22.78% not using any family planning method. Intrauterine devices (30.15%), coitus interuptus (21.69%) and condom (16.48%) were the most common contraceptive methods. Nearly fifty-two per cent of women were not aware of the contraceptive property of breastfeeding, 25.68% of women knew lactation had a protective effect from pregnancy, 48.16%, did not know the importance of frequency and duration of suckling on fertility reducing effect of lactation. CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on lactational amenorrhoea and frequency of suckling was significantly low in our study, especially in the illiterate group. Since efficacy of natural family planning depends on the compliance of women, education of women about lactation is very important. Family planning programmes should be focussed on breastfeeding and type of breastfeeding practices used, especially where there are no contraceptive alternatives.

PIP: This prospective, randomized, descriptive study examined the contraceptive choices and knowledge of women about lactational amenorrhea and contraceptive properties of breast-feeding in Kocaeli, India. A total of 922 women of reproductive age were surveyed, and a Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results showed that 53.36% of the women used modern contraceptive methods, 23.86% preferred natural methods, and 22.78% were not using fertility control methods. The most commonly used contraceptive methods included IUDs (30.15%), coitus interruptus (21.69%), and condoms (16.48%). Almost 52% of the women were not aware of the contraceptive effect of breast-feeding; 25.68% knew that lactation had a contraceptive effect. Lactation was accepted as a contraceptive method by 48.16% of the women, while 51.8% of the women did not accept this type of method. Overall, the level of knowledge on lactational amenorrhea and suckling frequency was significantly low, particularly among illiterate women. Family planning programs should focus on breast-feeding as a fertility control method, especially when no contraceptive alternatives are available.

Persistent müllerian duct syndrome. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Persistent müllerian duct syndrome is a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which well-developed müllerian structures are present in an otherwise normal male with XY chromosomes. The syndrome was first described by Nilson in 1939, and almost 100 cases have been reported. CASE: A 22-year-old man presented with mild, right-sided inguinal pain and heaviness in his scrotum. He underwent right-sided inguinal exploration because of having a palpable right-sided, irreducible inguinal hernia. Two testicles with surface nodularity and a bicornuate uterus with rudimentary fallopian tubes were detected and removed as one specimen, and the hernia was repaired. CONCLUSION: Management of this syndrome is difficult because of the limited number of cases. If the diagnosis can be made before surgery, karyotyping can be useful to decide on orchiopexy or orchioectomy. In suspected cases, laparoscopy and ultrasonographic evaluation of all crytorchidic cases may be helpful for diagnosing this condition before surgery. All patients with this syndrome have a male phenotype; therefore, it is essential to preserve secondary sex characteristics. Androgen replacement therapy should be given to patients who have undergone gonadectomy and to those with low levels of testosterone.

Does the intrauterine device carry the risk of immunity to sperm?

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the second most commonly used contraceptive method in the world. A number of mechanisms have been proposed by which IUDs could interfere with reproductive processes. In this study, the relationship between intrauterine devices and the risk of antisperm antibody (ASA) production in the absence of prior sensitization was investigated. Sixty-two IUD users (group 1) and 42 women with no contraceptive use as a control group (group 2) were included in the study. Six months after the IUD insertion, 4 women in group 1 and 2 women in group 2 with lower genital tract infections were excluded from the study. The sera of the remaining 58 women in group 1 and 40 women in group 2 were evaluated again for the presence of ASA. Twelve patients (20.7%) in group 1 and 12 patients (30.0%) in group 2 had ASA positivity. When we compared the ASA levels in the IUD group with those in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In summary, our data proved that copper-containing intrauterine devices in the absence of prior sensitization do not significantly affect immunity to sperm in sera of women.

The effects of human amniotic membrane and fibrin sealant in the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation in the rabbit ovary model.

The study group consisted of 29 female, white New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomized into 3 groups and a midline laparotomy was performed in order to make a 4-5 mm long lesion using a scalpel in both ovaries. In Group 1, both of the ovaries were left uncovered. In Group 2, the right ovaries were covered by human amniotic membrane graft. In Group 3, 0.1-0.2 mL of Tisseel solution was applied to the lesion in the right ovaries. No medication was applied to the left ovaries in any of the groups and thus this ovary acted as an individual control. After 2 weeks the adhesion scores were graded by relaparotomy in a blind manner. Fibrin sealant showed a significant reduction in postoperative adhesion formation compared with the amniotic membrane graft and control groups (p<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that fibrin sealant can be used as an adjuvant during reproductive surgery.

A trial of reducing adhesion formation in a uterine horn model.

For the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation, one of the most common causes of infertility, none of the adjuvants had been proven uniformly effective. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in postoperative adhesion prevention in a rat uterine horn model. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After uterine horn abrasion, in 10 rats 10 ml 0.9% saline, in 10 rats 10 ml of 2% SCMC, and in 10 rats 10 ml DSCG were administered intraperitoneally. Two weeks later, all animals were sacrificed and adhesion formation was assessed. All the pieces of the peritoneum biopsies were stained with Luna's mast cell stain to assess the mast cell degranulation. The mean adhesion scores were 2.1, 2.0 and 1.5 for saline, SCMC and DSCG groups respectively. There were no significant differences among all groups. In the pathologic examination, mast cell degranulation was less in the DSCG group than the other groups.