[Tremor-dominant form of Parkinson's disease]. / Tremor-dominantnaya forma bolezni Parkinsona.

The article is of a review nature and is devoted to tremor, one of the maladaptive and difficult-to-treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Along with the classic rest tremor, patients with PD may experience tremor of other modalities: postural tremor, kinetic tremor, which reflects a multimodal mechanism of tremor formation involving multiple neurotransmitter systems. The unpredictable response to therapeutic options, the ambiguous response to levodopa, also reflects the role of multiple underlying pathophysiological processes. Among the drug methods of tremor correction, preference is given to dopamine receptor agonists - due to the spectrum of their pharmaceutical action, high efficiency in relation to all leading motor and a number of non-motor manifestations. The evidence for advanced neurosurgical, non-invasive modalities is mixed, and there are insufficient comparative studies to assess their efficacy in patients with tremor-dominant forms of PD.

[Group enterovirus infection due to coxsackievirus A16 in Northwestern Russia].

AIM: Study features of epidemic process and etiology of oral cavity and limb enterovirus exanthema group diseases in a number of territories of Northwestern Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolation and identification of non-poliomyelitis enteroviruses from material of patients was carried out according to WHO recommendations. Phenotyping and phylogenetic analysis of enteroviruses was carried out. RESULTS: In 3 territories of Northwestern Russia oral cavity and limb enterovirus group diseases were registered. Children aged less than 14 years, predominately aged less than 3 years, were shown to be involved in the epidemic process. Coxsackie A16 enteroviruses from 27 samples of patients were isolated in cell cultures and identified by using specific sera. Coxsackie A16 enteroviruses from 16 samples were identified by using partial sequencing of VP1 genome area. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that the identified Coxsackie A16 viruses distributed among 2 phylogenetic groups. CONCLUSION: Coxsackie A16 enteroviruses that had never been detected in the region previously were established to be the etiologic factor of oral cavity and limb enterovirus exanthema group disease in the 3 territories of Northwestern Russia. The data obtained give evidence on the necessity of epidemiologic and virological control for enterovirus infection with the aim of obtaining novel information on the circulation of non-poliomyelitis enteroviruses in the population and the establishment of development patterns for epidemic process of this infection.

[Prevalence of smoking in Izhevsk].

The purpose of the investigation was to study the prevalence of smoking as the most aggressive risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different populations of a large industrial center. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 485 schoolchildren, 427 students, and 1406 adults from Izhevsk. The smoking rates were 73.4, 20.5, and 36.3 per 100 respondents among men, women, and students, respectively. Among the schoolchildren from the 9th to 11th forms, the number of smokers increased from 29.0 to 48.9 and from 10.2 to 11.2 per 100 respondents in boys and girls, respectively. The smokers with higher education were fewer than those with secondary and secondary specialized education.

[Psychosomatic disorders in combined occupational and cardiovascular diseases].

A group of individuals with occupational diseases caused by chemical factors demonstrate higher incidence and severity of depression, frustration, rigidity, cognitive and sleep disorders, if compared to the group of individuals with occupational diseases caused by physical factors. In the occupational diseases group, encephalopathy is seen more frequently, individuals subjected to physical factors have prevailing encephalopathy of I and II grades, those subjected to chemical factors--of II-III and III grades, more severe encephalopathy in the group of chemical factors is seen among the individuals subjected to uranium compounds.

[Characteristics of arterial hypertension in psychoemotional burnout of emergency medical staffers].

Medical profession requires not only skills, but also significant emotional dedication that leads to psychoemotional overstrain and frequently to emotional burnout influencing blood pressure level, cardiovascular state and arterial hypertension course. With this, studying influence of psycho-social factors in medical staffers' occupational life, in accordance with length of service, on cardiovascular system with arterial hypertension is topical.

[Cognitive disorders in occupational diseases of after contact period, associated with cardiovascular problems].

Vibration disease patients with chronic uranium intoxication in after contact period demonstrate moderate cognitive disorders of amnestic multifunctional type in 100% of cases. Individuals having occupational diseases due to physical, toxic and radiation hazards, associated with cardiovascular problems, in after contact period manifest mostly with visual-spatial functions, short-term, operative, visual and aural memory disorders. Visual-spatial functions, short-term, operative, visual and aural memory are decreased more in patients with remote period of chronic uranium intoxication.

[Psychosocial and hormonal characteristics of arterial hypertension in medical personnel].

Widely known evidence is that medical profession is like no one else connected with interpersonal interactions. Arterial hypertension could be assigned to a group of diseases developing under the leading role of unfavorable psychic impacts that change hormonal state. That is why studies of arterial hypertension course peculiarities in medical personnel are topical for contemporary prevention of cardiovascular complications.

[Psychoemotional features of smokers with chronic obstructive lung disease under conditions of high occupational risk].

Total influence of smoking and occupational pollutants increases risk of chronic obstructive lung disease and deteriorates its course. Investigating psychoemotional features of smokers helps to identify dependence of tobacco addiction degree on COLD and work at high occupational risk. Complex polling among workers exposed to dust at work, COLD patients subjected to dust aerosol and workers having no occupational exposure to dust with the same length of smoking. Findings are that, dust increases addiction to nicotine. Recommendations are polling for early smoking prevention (early rehabilitation measures).

[Role of lipoxygenase in the determination of wheat grain quality].

Analysis of the correlation between endogenous lipoxygenase activity and 15 wheat grain quality parameters in three bread wheat populations has shown that enzyme activity influences the weight of 1000 grains, dough deformation energy, dough tenacity, and mixing properties. The correlations between the enzyme activity and the basic quality parameters are negative at high activity levels. The optimum values of specific lipoxygenase activity at which all quality parameters studied have the maximum values range from 108.5 +/- 1.2 to 126.4 +/- 1.9. It has been found that the ability of lipoxygenase to strengthen gluten is related to the lowering of dough extensibility.

[Clinical, functional and biochemical characteristics of arterial hypertension in military men under chronic stress].

Peculiarities of military occupational activities are repeated stress and high degree of psychoemotional strain. The article deals with results of momentary study covering a select from military men cohort, with thyroid tests, renal functional tests, diurnal monitoring of blood pressure and psychologic state assessment. Course of arterial hypertension in military men subjected to chronic stress presents prevailing systolic-diastolic and diastolic variants with excessive decrease of blood pressure at night, with high values of albuminuria. Psychologic state of the military men examined, whe were subjects to chronic stress, was mostly mixed reactivity type with general overstrain and somatization of inner conflict (psychosomatic variant of dysadaptation). The authors demonstrated close correlation between intrinsic emotional strain degree with arterial hypertension type according to "hyper-dipper" variant and free T3 level.

[Mapping of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with grain quality characteristics of the common wheat grown under different environmental conditions].

The quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with individual characteristics of grain and flour quality in wheat lines grown under contrasting environmental conditions were mapped. Overall, 22 QTL that manifested under contrasting environmental conditions with various significances were detected on 10 chromosomes. Grain hardness and vitreousness were associated with three loci on chromosomes 5D, 6A, and 3A, while the gluten content, with two loci on chromosomes 5B and 7A. Dough extensibility was associated with only one QTL localized in the region of Glu-A1 locus. One of the loci determining flour and dough strengths is located in the region of Gli-B1 and Glu-B3 loci and the rest, in various regions of chromosomes 1B, 5D, and 4B, where no particular genes associated with grain quality have been yet found. The detected QTL can be used in further experiments on genetic control of gluten formation and quality in wheat.

[Pathogenesis, clinical and functional characteristics of chronic stress in military men].

The authors demonstrate that arterial hypertension in military men serving in extreme conditions is characterized by systolo-diastolic and diastolic variants, with excessive decrease of blood pressure in night hours, prevalent albuminuria and higher values of cellular content of blood.

[The effect of intercultivar substitution of wheat Triticum aestivum L. chromosomes on lipoxygenase activity and its correlation with the technological properties of flour].

The effects of intercultivar substitution of individual chromosome pairs (except for 1B, 6D, and 7A) in the wheat cultivars Saratovskaya 29 and Janetzkis Probat, differing in quality, on specific lipoxygenase activity, the grain yield per spike, and the main technological properties of flour and dough were studied. It was demonstrated that the substitution of individual chromosomes of the recipient cultivar Saratovskaya 29 with the homologous chromosomes of the donor cultivar Janetzkis Probat caused significant changes in lipoxygenase activity and several other quality characteristics. The correlations between the lipoxygenase activity and the parameters of physical dough properties were determined. Three molecular forms of lipoxygenase (Lpx-1, Lpx-2, and Lpx-3), differing in the value of surface charge and enzymatic activity, were detected by native PAGE.

[Analysis of protein- and oligomer-bound fucose in blood serum]. / Metod opredeleniia belok- i oligomersviazannoi fukozy v syvorotke krovi.

A new method was suggested that provides for a simultaneous determination of protein- and oligomer-bound fucose in blood serum. The level of such compounds in blood serum was shown to be increasing with age and in certain diseases.

Variability of mammary carcinogenesis induction in female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar:Han rats: the effect of season and age.

It is important to determine and clarify the variability of mammary carcinogenesis induction in animal experimental studies particularly in connection with chemoprevention projects. The circannual seasonal rhythms of hormone levels or various parameters within the immune system may involve factors participating in mammary gland carcinogenesis. In our study, 19 experiments were conducted and all of them lasted for about 25 weeks after chemical carcinogen administration (DMBA or NMU) under standard laboratory conditions. Females of two rat strains - a medium susceptible Sprague-Dawley strain and a very low susceptible Wistar:Han were used. We observed not only the effect of seasonal changes but also the effect of age after single or repeated carcinogen administration. The seasonal dependence of mammary carcinogenesis with higher tumor incidence during long days in comparison with winter short days has been demonstrated in Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiments on the Wistar:Han strain, certain features of seasonal character were recorded, although the very low susceptibility of this strain to mammary carcinogenesis might have influenced the results. A limited period of carcinogen administration in early puberty around postnatal days 43-46 (higher susceptibility), when compared to the period after postnatal day 50, is the factor significantly increasing incidence and frequency of mammary carcinogenesis in the Sprague-Dawley strain. Our results indicate the need to consider the effect of season and age of animals at the time of carcinogen administration on rat mammary carcinogenesis induction. However, the application of the results obtained in one strain of experimental animals may only lead to misleading conclusions.

Resonance Raman detection of carotenoid antioxidants in living human tissues.

We have used resonance Raman scattering as a novel noninvasive optical technology to measure carotenoid antioxidants in living human tissues of healthy volunteers. By use of blue-green laser excitation, clearly distinguishable carotenoid Raman spectra superimposed on a fluorescence background are obtained. The Raman spectra are obtained within less than a minute, and the required laser light exposure levels are well within safety standards. Our technique can be used for rapid screening of carotenoid levels in large populations and may have applications for assessing antioxidant status and the risk for diseases related to oxidative stress.

[Chronic congenital Coxsackie virus infection in the etiology of allergic disease in children]. / Khronicheskaia vrozhdennaia Koksaki-virushaia infektsiia i ee uchastie v étiologii allergicheskikh boleznei, vyiavliaemykh u detei.

The authors prove the involvement of congenital Coxsackie virus infection in the etiology of allergic diseases in children: 1) indications of high risk of vertical transmission of viruses of this group from mothers with persistent infection to children are more incident in the history of mothers whose children develop allergies in comparison with healthy age-matched children (83 vs. 38.8%); 2) Coxsackie viruses are detected in sick children more often than in healthy ones (58.1-81.1 vs. 7.4%); 3) the persistence of Coxsackie A and B viruses is confirmed in the majority of patients examined over time; 4) in the mothers examined in parallel with their sick children Coxsackie viruses were detected virtually as often as in their children; and 5) reduction of endogenous chronic Coxsackie infection by energy metabolism correction in the risk group women during pregnancy prevents the development of allergic diseases in their children.

[Immunomorphologic aspects of local (wound) revaccination with tetanus anatoxin]. / Immunomorfologicheskie aspekty mestnoi (ranevoi) revaktsinatsii stolbniachnym anatoksinom.

The immunomorphological reaction of regional lymphoid organs, the pathomorphology of wound tissues, humoral antitoxic response and a protective effect after local (wound) booster immunization with tetanus toxoid have been studied in observations on 100 guinea pigs with experimental wound infection. The study has shown that the local application of tetanus toxoid, besides stimulating humoral response, induces a more rapid effect aimed at the primary elements of the infectious process (the germination of spores, the adhesion, colonization and toxin formation of the causative agent), thus facilitating the localization of the focus of infection, the development of reparative processes in the wound and the arresting of the infection.