Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Liver Transplantation , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/etiology , Child , Cyclosporine/adverse effects , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Epilepsy/etiology , Female , Graft Rejection/epidemiology , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy/methods , Liver Diseases/surgery , Liver Transplantation/immunology , Liver Transplantation/physiology , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The cerebral representation of space depends on the integration of many different sensory inputs. The vestibular system provides one such input and its dysfunction can cause profound spatial disorientation. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we measured regional cerebral perfusion with various vestibular stimulations to map central vestibular projections and to investigate the cerebral basis of spatial disorientation. We showed that the temporoparietal cortex, the insula, the putamen, and the anterior cingulate cortex are the cerebral projections of the vestibular system in man and that the spatial disorientation caused by unilateral vestibular stimulation is associated with their asymmetric activation.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Vestibule, Labyrinth/physiology , Visual Pathways/physiology , Adult , Brain Mapping , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Orientation/physiology , Sensation Disorders/physiopathology , Space Perception/physiology , Tomography, Emission-ComputedABSTRACT
With the present study we investigated both the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen (E-Rc) and progesterone (P-Rc) receptor, nuclear E-R (E-Rn) and the percentage of cycling tumor cells with Ki-67 MAB in 32 CNS tumor specimens. The main purpose of our study was to evaluate a possible correlation between the hormonal and kinetic parameters and the clinical and neuroradiological follow-up.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/chemistry , Nuclear Proteins/analysis , Receptors, Estrogen/analysis , Receptors, Progesterone/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Nucleus/chemistry , Cytoplasm/chemistry , Female , Humans , Ki-67 Antigen , Male , Middle Aged , PrognosisABSTRACT
Eleven of 31 clinical centers participating in the Italian Acute Stroke Study--Hemodilution carried out a preliminary study on the effectiveness of ganglioside GM1 in acute stroke; 502 patients were randomized to GM1 (GM1, n = 121), GM1 plus hemodilution (GM1 + H, n = 128), placebo (P, n = 130), or placebo plus hemodilution (P + H, n = 123) groups less than or equal to 12 hours after onset of a hemispheric cerebral infarct. The patients were treated for 15 days and were evaluated on Days 21 and 120 after the onset of stroke. Intention-to-treat analysis failed to show any differences in neurologic deficit, mortality, or neurologic disability among the groups. Efficacy analysis showed a significantly higher degree of neurologic improvement in GM1 group patients compared with patients in the P group during the first 15 days. GM1-treated patients (GM1 and GM1 + H groups) showed a significantly higher degree of neurologic improvement during the first 10 days compared with the placebo-treated patients (P and P + H groups). These differences were no longer statistically significant at Day 120. Our results provide a rationale for the planning of a larger, multicenter trial of GM1 ganglioside in acute stroke.
