[Features of lung damage in baclofen poisoning]. / Osobennosti povrezhdeniya legkikh pri otravlenii baklofenom.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal pathological lung changes in baclofen poisoning and to assess their dynamics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment included 20 mature (at age 20 weeks) male rats of Wistar line weighing 290-350 gr. The animals were divided into 3 study groups (5 rats in each) depending on experiment's duration after 85 mg/kg baclofen administration: 3, 4.5 and 24 h in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively. Control group consisted of 5 animals without baclofen administration. RESULTS: A number of pathological reactions, including circulatory disorder (venular and capillary congestion, hemorrhage in interalveolar septa, alveoli, sludge) and the appearance of emphysema loci (interalveolar septa at emphysema loci are thinned), alternating with atelectases and dystelectases. The area taken up by vessels after 4.5 h. baclofen administration was statistically significantly higher than in control group, and after 24 h. - statistically significantly higher than in 4.5 h. The area with white blood cells and WBC/IAP ratio after 4.5 h of baclofen administration were statistically significantly higher than in control group after 3 and 24 h of administration. The number of white blood cells, giving PAS positive reaction, increases during baclofen administration. The complex of pathological lung changes, revealed by ourselves, has a certain dynamics. CONCLUSION: The data on morphological lung changes combined with results of chemical examination can be used to diagnose baclofen poisoning and to determine the time elapsed since this medicine administration.

[The efficiency of totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: analysis of 40 cases].

INTRODUCTION: Previously, the placement of a nephrostomy tube was considered standard practice during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) to ensure repeat access and kidney assessment. However, some publications have shown that in certain cases, a totally tubeless approach may be a viable alternative, provided that PCNL is performed properly and safely. AIM: To analyze the results and complications of totally tubeless PCNL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 40 patients with renal stones who underwent totally tubeless PCNL using a single percutaneous access of 16 Ch or 26 Ch at the urology department of NUZ KB "RJD-Medicine", Krasnoyarsk, Russia, from September 2021 to March 2023, was carried out. Factors that could affect the efficiency and safety of PCNL were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of the procedure was 39.6 +/- 14.4 minutes. The average decrease in hemoglobin level was 5.9 +/- 5.5. Narcotic analgesics were used postoperatively in 17.5% (7) of patients. The mean length of stay was 4.7 +/- 1.1 days. Transient fever was observed in 4 (10%) cases. In one case, an exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis developed. There were no cases of significant bleeding during the PCNL, and no patients required blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that totally tubeless PNL is a safe alternative to standard procedure and is not associated with an increased risk of early postoperative complications. This technique is efficient and safe for kidney stones and may be recommended for a select group of patients.

The Effect of the Toxic Dose of Baclofen on Selected Parameters of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems.

The effect of the toxic dose of the muscle relaxant baclofen on the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was studied in adult male Wistar rats (n=20). Systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and respiratory rate were measured; histological changes in the lungs 3, 4.5, and 24 h after drug administration. Baclofen was administered orally in a sublethal toxic dose of 85 mg/kg under anesthesia. Cardiac activity was analyzed using RSM physiological indicators monitoring system with MouseMonitor S (Indus Instruments) software. Histological examination was performed by light microscopy. Baclofen significantly decreased the respiratory rate and increased HR and BP. Histological examination of the lungs revealed a complex of general pathological processes, such as local circulatory disorders (venular and capillary fullness, sludge), leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa and their thickening due to edema. These findings can be used to estimate the time elapsed after baclofen treatment.

Baclofen (fun drug) and ethanol combined poisoning in humans: A histopathology and morphometry model.

BACKGROUND: - This study intends to address the scarcity of data regarding the pathogenesis of Baclofen poisoning in humans, which has seen a recent increase, worldwide, especially amongst the young people. Another reason for the conduction of this study was lack of the substantial data about the histo-pathological findings of lungs, in synergistic toxicity of Baclofen with Ethanol, in-spite of it being very common in humans, and both being respiratory depressant with similar mechanism of action. PURPOSE: - The authors aimed to understand the pathogenesis of fatal poisonings in humans due to Baclofen in combination with Ethanol via an animal research model. The enhancement of the overall scientific literature by extending research along the lines of the handful studies available in this regard was another adjunct goal of the study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into control and test group of five and ten subjects respectively. The test group was further divided into two sub-groups of five each, with Baclofen administered to one, and it in conjunction with Ethanol to the other, in lowest dosages adjusted for the humans. Rats in both the groups were euthanized by dislocation of the cervical vertebrae for the histopathology examination. RESULTS: Capillary and venous plethora, hemorrhages in the inter-alveolar septi, hemorrhages into the alveoli and sludging was seen in the 1st sub-group. The plethora of venules, capillaries and arterioles, with sludging by the WBC (white blood corpuscle) infiltrates was seen in the 2nd sub-group. Desquamation of the ciliated epithelium and edematous thickening of the intra-alveolar septi, along with features suggestive of the peri-vascular edema was seen in the 2nd sub-group. The morphometric analysis of the micro vessels showed a significantly higher value of the arteriolar diameter in the 2nd sub-group, in comparison to 1st, but the venular diameter in the two sub-groups did not differ to any extent.

[The use of neural algorithms when choosing a method of surgical treatment of urolithiasis].

AIM: to assess the possibility of using neural network algorithms in choosing a method for surgical treatment of urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: treatment results of 625 patients with kidney stones were analyzed in the study. Information about each patient was presented in the form of a multidimensional vector characterized by following preoperative investigations: questionnaires, clinical examination, instrumental and laboratory studies. A register was created where information on more than 50 parameters for each patient was added. Each example has an output parameter representing a predefined treatment strategy (extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy [ESWL] - 1, percutaneous nephrolithotomy [PCNL] - 2, pyelolithotomy or nephrolithotomy - 3). The initial database served as the basis for training the neural network estimation technique. RESULTS: A prospective trial was conducted to assess the clinical efficiency of the recommendations of neural network. A cohort of 150 patients admitted to the urology department was divided into two groups of 75 people. In the group 1, patients received treatment according to the standard recommendations. In group 2, treatment strategy was chosen based on the results of neural network analysis. In the group 1, ESWL was performed in 40 (53.3%) patients. The average number of sessions was 1.8. At the discharge, residual fragments were diagnosed in 12 (30%) cases. In 4 patients, acute pyelonephritis developed, which required performing ureteral catheterization and subsequent treatment. In group 1, the efficiency of ESWL was 75%. In the group 2, where the neural network assessment technique was used, the average number of sessions was 1.4. At the discharge, 7 (15.6%) patients had residual fragments: 4 in the kidney, in 3 in the lower ureter ("steinstrasse"). In 4 cases, a conversion for PCNL was performed. ESWL efficiency was 91.1%. Stone-free rate for ESWL in the second group was significantly higher due to the greater number of stone fragmentation. In addition, number of shock waves was lower (the average number of sessions was 0.4 less). Improvement of treatment tactics through the use of neural network algorithms led to a decrease in hospitalization times, as well as to an improvement in the quality of treatment. The low efficiency of ESWL, as the first-line method, led to a change in treatment tactics in 25% of patients in group 1 and only in 8.9% of patients in group 2. Using these algorithms, it was possible to reduce hospitalization time, need for changing treatment strategy, number of auxiliary procedures, readmission rates, the incidence of inflammatory complications, and the number of residual fragments after ESWL. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of using the neural network prediction technique at the preoperative stage in patients with kidney stones has been shown. This technique allows practicing urologist to make a decision on the choice of the optimal treatment method on an individual basis, thereby minimizing the risk of early postoperative complications.

Recombinant ß-Glucocerebrosidase specific immunoaffinity ligands selected from phage-displayed combinatorial scFv libraries.

Antibodies specific to ß-Glucocerebrosidase were selected from phage displayed naïve scFv libraries. Biopannings were performed against recombinant human protein ß-Glucocerebrosidase immobilized on polystyrene surface, specific phages were eluted with 50% ethylene glycol in citrate buffer (pH 6.0). Several specific binders were discovered and converted to full-size hIgG1 antibodies leading to highly stable binders with dissociation constants (Kd) in the range 10-40 nM. The antibodies were used further as ligands for affinity chromatography, where efficient and selective recovery of biologically active ß-Glucocerebrosidase from cultured media of Chinese hamster ovary cells was demonstrated. ß-Glucocerebrosidase was purified to nearly homogeneous state and had specific activity comparable to the commercially available preparations (40-44 U/mg protein). The obtained immunoaffinity sorbents have high capacity and can be easily regenerated.

[Correction of endotoxemia in patients with pancreatic necrosis]. / Korrektsiya svobodnoradikal'nykh protsessov i endotoksemii u bol'nykh pankreonekrozom.

AIM: To study the results of deferoxamine (Deferal) administration in intensive therapy program of 63 patients with severe acute pancreatitis to decrease effect of oxidative stress and endotoxemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In deferoxamine group (31 patients) there were decrease of serum iron's level and inhibition of free radical oxidation that led to early relief of endotoxemia, reducing periods of organs' dysfunction. It was not observed in comparison group (32 patients). RESULTS: Deferoxamine decrease risk of pancreatic necrosis and pancreatogenic sepsis. It allows reducing ICU- and hospital-stay and number of extended surgical procedures.

[Determination of molecular glioblastoma subclasses on the basis of analysis of gene expression].

Two glioblastoma groups, which are distinguished from each other by expression level of 416 genes (P < 0.05), were determined using a mathematical model of linear Boolean programming on the basis of gene expression data, obtained by microarray analysis of the glioblastomas and available in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data base. The expression level of 15 genes was more than two-fold higher in the first group of glioblastoma (80 samples) in comparison with the second group (144 samples) and 401 genes and--more than two-fold lower as compared to the second group. 10 of 15 genes, which expression level prevailed in the first group, encode the proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. A significant percentage of 401 genes are the genes that encode proteins involved in the functioning of neural cells and participating in the processes such as synaptic transmission, neurogenesis, the formation of myelin sheath, axon formation. Kohonen map, built on the basis of the data of 15 genes with prevailed expression in the first group and 60 (of4 01) genes, whose expression level elevated in the second group, confirmed the existence of two glioblastoma groups with specific gene expression profiles. Distribution of the glioblastomas into two groups may reflect two pathways of astrocytic glioma development, one of which leads to the formation of tumors with higher levels of gene expression, which protein products are involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. On the other hand, the existence of two molecular variants may reflect different states of glioblastoma progression.

X-ray absorption near-edge structure anomalous behaviour in structures with buried layers containing silicon nanocrystals.

Substructure and phase composition of silicon suboxide films containing silicon nanocrystals and implanted with carbon have been investigated by means of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure technique with the use of synchrotron radiation. It is shown that formation of silicon nanocrystals in the films' depth (more than 60 nm) and their following transformation into silicon carbide nanocrystals leads to abnormal behaviour of the X-ray absorption spectra in the elementary silicon absorption-edge energy region (100-104 eV) or in the silicon oxide absorption-edge energy region (104-110 eV). This abnormal behaviour is connected to X-ray elastic backscattering on silicon or silicon carbide nanocrystals located in the silicon oxide films depth.

[Immune disturbances in patients with postnecrotic pseudocysts of the pancreas].

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of immune disturbances in development of postnecrotic pseudocysts of the pancreas. 94 patients including 74 with postnecrotic pancreatitis and pseudocysts of the pancreas were observed. The adaptive reactions and subpopulation composition of the peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed. The percentage of the cells in the state of apoptosis in the cyst content was estimated. The disturbances in the subpopulation composition of the lymphocytes and stress adaptive reactions of the blood system were shown to be some of the main pathogenetic factors in development of postnecrotic complications of pancreatitis. The data are useful in differential diagnosis of pseudocysts and choice of the optimal tactics in the operative treatment of such patients.

[Phagocyte activity and the interferon system in patients with different types of multiple sclerosis].

Phagocyte activity and the interferon system was studied in 40 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), including 22 patients with remitting MS type, 7 patients with primary progressive MS and 11 patients with secondary progressive MS. A control group included 15 healthy people. Changes in the parameters studied were found in all groups of patients. The most marked changes in the phagocyte section of immunity and in the interferon system were seen in patients with primary progressive and secondary progressive MS. The data obtained may be used in diagnosis and choice of treatment in MS patients.

[The characteristics of medical demographic situation in Kalujskaya oblast].

The study found out the last decade dynamics in size, birthrate, mortality and natural increase/decrease of population depending on residence, age structure and gender The assessment of trends in development of medical demographic process in Kalujsky region is given.

[Effects of immunocorrective therapy on immunological indices in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis].

A total of 57 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were divided into two groups. The control group (n = 28) received standard treatment, the study group (n = 29) received treatment including immunomodulator likopid. The tests for IgA, IgM, IgG, compliment components C3, C4, circulating immune complexes were made, immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed, chemiluminescence parameters of whole blood and plasma, content of IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-lbeta in seminal fluid were assessed. The detected abnormalities in parameters of systemic and mucose-associated immunity give ground for inclusion of immunomodulators in combined treatment of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis.

[Air quality and children morbidity].

The paper discusses whether air quality can be hygienically and ecologically tested from respiratory disease mortality rates in children.

[Role of myocardial hypoxic lesions in the development of heart failure in the presence of pancreonecrosis].

Experimental pancreonecrosis was simulated in 50 Wistar rats. Following 24 hours, the mechanisms of cardiac lesion were revealed, by applying a model of the perfusion isolated heart by the method described by Fallen et al. and by estimating the force and velocity parameters of cardiac contractility. Activation of free radical processes and hypoxia were ascertained to be the most important pathogenetic factors of pancreatogenic heart failure, which was substantiated by the results of the investigations on rats that had received the energy-rich agent reamberin in a dose of 10 mg/kg before simulation of pancreonecrosis.

[Morphological and cytogenetic disorders in rats following chronic exposure to elevated radiation]. / Morfologicheskie i tsitogeneticheskie narusheniia u krys, nakhodivshikhsia v usloviiakh povyshennogo radiatsionnogo fona na protiazhenii dlitel'nogo vremeni.

Object of the investigation were effects of elevated radiation background on specific body systems in two generations of rats that had been chronically exposed to radiation in the most badly polluted areas of the Kaluga district and eaten local food. Findings included some compensatory deviations in the white blood count, decrease in karyocytes and increase in chromosomal aberration rate in nucleus-containing cells from the femoral bone marrow in younger animals of several groups, morphologic and histochemical shifts in mucous membrane of the esophagus and the stomach, and morphofunctional changes in neurons and glia of the cerebral cortex. These changes are compensatory-adaptive by nature and indicative of destabilization of homeostasis in experimental animals.