Locked Lateral Plating Versus Retrograde Nailing for Distal Femur Fractures: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The 2 main forms of treatment for distal femur fractures are locked lateral plating and retrograde nailing. The goal of this trial was to determine whether there are significant differences in outcomes between these forms of treatment. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Twenty academic trauma centers. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty patients with distal femur fractures were enrolled. One hundred twenty-six patients were followed 12 months. Patients were randomized to plating in 62 cases and intramedullary nailing in 64 cases. INTERVENTION: Lateral locked plating or retrograde intramedullary nailing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Functional scoring including Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment, bother index, EQ Health, and EQ Index. Secondary measures included alignment, operative time, range of motion, union rate, walking ability, ability to manage stairs, and number and type of adverse events. RESULTS: Functional testing showed no difference between the groups. Both groups were still significantly affected by their fracture 12 months after injury. There was more coronal plane valgus in the plating group, which approached statistical significance. Range of motion, walking ability, and ability to manage stairs were similar between the groups. Rate and type of adverse events were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both lateral locked plating and retrograde intramedullary nailing are reasonable surgical options for these fractures. Patients continue to improve over the course of the year after injury but remain impaired 1 year postoperatively. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Signatures of Exciton Orbits in Quantum Mechanical Recurrence Spectra of Cu_{2}O.

The seminal work by Kazimierczuk et al. [Nature 514, 343 (2014)10.1038/nature13832] has shown the existence of highly excited exciton states in a regime, where the correspondence principle is applicable and quantum mechanics turns into classical mechanics; however, any interpretation of exciton spectra based on a classical approach to excitons is still missing. Here, we close this gap by computing and comparing quantum mechanical and semiclassical recurrence spectra of cuprous oxide. We show that the quantum mechanical recurrence spectra exhibit peaks, which, by application of semiclassical theories and a scaling transformation, can be directly related to classical periodic exciton orbits. The application of semiclassical theories to exciton physics requires the detailed analysis of the classical exciton dynamics, including three-dimensional orbits, which strongly deviate from hydrogenlike Keplerian orbits. Our findings illuminate important aspects of excitons in semiconductors by directly relating the quantum mechanical band structure splittings of excitons to the corresponding classical exciton dynamics.

Arthroscopy Should be Used With Caution for Gunshot Wounds to the Hip.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hip arthroscopy immediately following gunshot wound (GSW) to the hip. METHODS: Patients who received hip arthroscopy for GSWs from 2006 to 2020 by 2 surgeons at a level I trauma center were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Inclusion criteria were those patients who suffered a GSW to the hip, received hip arthroscopy for treatment, and had a minimum follow-up of 2 months. The exclusion criteria were any patients younger than 18 years of age. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, surgical details, clinical outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: A total of 50 hip arthroscopy cases were identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Of the 50 cases identified, 8 patients met the inclusion criteria. All 8 patients were male, African-American, and the mean age was 31 years (range, 19-54 years) with mean follow-up of 14 months. Five of 8 cases were noted to have poor visualization with arthroscopy. Common reasons for poor visualization were difficult access to the bullet fragments, morbid obesity, hematoma formation, and pre-existing arthritis. Of these 5 cases, 2 were converted to open procedures to retrieve the remaining bullet fragments. One patient developed abdominal compartment syndrome, most likely due to increased pulse pressure over a prolonged operative period and involvement of the acetabular fovea. Emergent exploratory laparotomy and abdominal compartment fluid release were performed, and the patient had an otherwise unremarkable hospital course. CONCLUSIONS: There are risks with the use of arthroscopic methods to remove GSW fragments, which may be greater than elective hip arthroscopy. Certain factors, such as the surgeon's arthroscopic experience, locations of bullets fragments, visual quality, length of procedure, and concomitant acetabular fractures, must be considered before proceeding with arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic case series.

Prosthetic interventions for people with transtibial amputation: Systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality prospective literature and systematic reviews.

Considering transtibial amputation (TTA) rehabilitation costs and complexity, high-quality literature should inform clinical practice. Systematic reviews (SRs) suggest this is not the case. This article's purpose was to review the highest-quality evidence available to guide clinical practice for TTA regarding five prosthetic intervention areas. Six databases were searched for high-quality SRs and prospective clinical trials (randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). Reviewers screened, sorted, rated (i.e., methodologic quality, bias risk), and extracted article data. Meta-analyses were conducted when possible. Thirty-one references were included (25 RCTs and 6 SRs). Five topical areas emerged (alignment, feet and ankles, interface, postoperative care, pylons). Twenty-three evidence statements were supported by level 2 evidence and eight by level 1 evidence. All RCTs reported randomization and reasonable data presentation. Concealed allocation and blinding were not widely used. Mean attrition was 11%. SRs included no meta-analyses. Functional level was poorly reported. Grouping feet and ankle components by functional classification enabled meta-analyses, though variance was considerable given the small sample sizes. Prosthetic interventions are generally safe for TTAs. High-quality literature enabled formulation of evidence statements to support select clinical practice areas, though quantity was lacking. Thus, numerous topics related to TTA care lack rigorous evidence. Although blinding in prosthetic research requires increased funding and effort, it could greatly improve the methodologic quality of prosthetic research.