ABSTRACT
Cranial nerve palsies after gunshot injury are not uncommon. We report the mechanism of isolated hypoglossal nerve paralysis caused by a gunshot. We report a 74 years old patient in whom a bullet entered through the right nostril and then ended up right occipital condyle. The only neurologic deficit was tongue deviation which resolved in one week. The bullet was not removed. The effect of clival slope may have an importance in this type of injury.
Subject(s)
Cranial Nerve Diseases , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases , Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries , Wounds, Gunshot , Humans , Aged , Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries/complications , Wounds, Gunshot/complications , Wounds, Gunshot/diagnostic imaging , Wounds, Gunshot/surgery , Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases/etiology , Cranial Nerve Diseases/complications , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/diagnostic imaging , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/surgery , Hypoglossal Nerve/surgery , Paralysis/etiologyABSTRACT
Disc fragments are well known to migrate to superior, inferior, or lateral sites in the anterior epidural space, posterior epidural migrated lumbar disc fragments is an extremely rare disorder, 61 cases have been reported to date. However, there were no cases with perforated ligamentum flavum (LF). We report a different case with perforation of ligamentum ligamentum by disc fragment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of perforation LF by a posterior epidural migrated sequester disc.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures remains controversial. Long-segment pedicle screw constructs may be stiffer and impart greater forces on adjacent segments compared with short-segment constructs. Short-segment pedicle screw fixation alone may be associated with instrumentation failure. Reinforcement fractured vertebra by the placement of an additional 2 screws at fracture level may be useful in thoracolumbar fractures for restoration of anterior vertebral height. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 35 patients (21 males, 14 females) with unstable thoracolumbar fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In group I, patients were operated with posterior approach via the use of pedicle screws fixed long (2 levels above and 1 or 2 levels below of the fractured vertebra). In group II patients, short-segment stabilization with additional screwing at fracture level was made. Immediate postoperative radiologic evaluations were done by measuring the correction and maintenance of kyphotic angle at the fracture level, Cobb angle, and height of fractured vertebra. RESULTS: Average local kyphosis angle, anterior kyphotic angle at the fracture level, and Cobb angle were not statistically significantly different in the postoperative period (P > 0.05); however, postoperative anterior height of fractured vertebra was statistically significantly different between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We compared a standard long-segment construct with a short-segment construct using instrumentation of the fractured segment. Short-segment pedicle screw fixation with screwing of fractured vertebra in unstable thoracolumbar fracture levels is an effective method to restoring anterior vertebral height for the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar fractures. It also provides anterior column support.
