ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori infection is seropositive in ~50% of people globally. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate its prevalence in dyspepsia patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January to June 2022 to find out the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori in dyspepsia patients. A prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect the data from 180 patients. This study adheres to the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration. The χ 2-test was applied, and the odds ratio and 95% CI were calculated to find the association of H. pylori with the risk factors. Results: A total of 180 patients were enrolled in this study, of whom, 73 (40.6%) patients were male and 107 (59.4%) were female. In seropositive H. pylori patients, 80 (60.6%) patients had nausea or vomiting, 110 (83.3%) patients were found to have flatulence, 128 (97.7%) patients were experiencing frequent burping, and 114 (86.4%) patients were having epigastric pain. The household member greater than 4, smoking, rural area residence, NSAIDs consumption, BMI greater than 25, O+ blood group, and Rhesus positive status were significantly associated with H. pylori with a P value of less than 0.05. Conclusion: This study concludes that the prevalence of H. pylori in our population is high, and the risk factors identified are lower class, BMI greater than 25, smoking, O+ blood group, NSAID consumption, rural area residence, household member greater than 4, Rhesus positive status, and the symptoms of nausea or vomiting, frequent burping, epigastric pain, and flatulence. Patients with an increased number of risk factors should be taken into consideration for an appropriate checkup.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The new clinical and radiological entity of the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is known as the FLAMES syndrome. It will add to the literature and enhance the understanding of this disease. Case presentation: Our case presented a 25-year-old male patient with no known comorbid presented with a generalized sudden headache of moderate intensity for 10 days who came to our hospital. A right-sided upper motor neuron facial palsy was found on the examination. The diagnosis was further confirmed utilizing the MRI scan and the presence of MOG-IgG antibodies. The patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone which lead to improvement of his symptoms. In the follow-up contrast-enhancing MRI of the brain, the findings suggested near resolution as compared to the initial MRI. Discussion: The FLAMES have been categorized as a subtype of the MOGAD. It is commonly found in males as compared to females and the mean age in which it commonly affects is 29 years with the common age group of 11-46 years. The clinical symptoms and physical signs along with the findings of unilateral cortical FLAMES on MRI suggest the distinctive findings of the FLAMES syndrome. Patients commonly present with symptoms like fever, headache, and cortical symptoms like aphasia. Conclusion: There is a dire need of improving the understanding of this clinic-radiographic syndrome which makes it critically important to ensure the timely diagnosis and prompt consideration of the required medications.
ABSTRACT
Background: Frozen shoulder or adhesion capsulitis is a frequent ailment that causes pain and progressively restricts both active and passive shoulder motions. It is estimated that it affects 2%-5% of the general population and up to 20% of diabetes mellitus patients.We aimed to compare the effectiveness of three-site steroid injections against one-site injections in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. Methodology: The Rheumatology Department of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Islamabad conducted this cross-sectional study. Between August 2021 to December 2021. The study comprised a total of 98 patients. This study included patients of both genders with shoulder pain between the ages of 40 and 70.Patients were divided into two groups & dosage was given at Sub-coracoid, Subacromial, and Posterior Capsule.The CONSTANT score was used to assess patients three times (Initial, 3months & 6 months later). Results: The average age, gender distribution, and dominant/non-dominant side ratio of the participants were nearly identical between the two groups. More patients in group B (77.22 8.17) had a higher mean CONSTANT score than those in group A (72.73 7.05). Patients were checked in on again after three and six months. Conclusion: The three-site injection technique is a safe and effective method for frozen shoulder. It provides an early recovery and improved shoulder function with a reduced frequency of relapse as compared to single-site injection techniques.
