ABSTRACT
It was compared 72 patients with alcohol dependence (AD) and endogenous depression (ED) and 30 patients with AD without comorbid affective pathology. It has been shown that the development of alcohol dependence in individuals with ED is slower than in patients without ED. A lack of a family history of addictive pathology was noted to be a predictor of a more favorable course of alcohol dependence in patients with ED.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Alcoholism/complications , Comorbidity , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Russia/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Forty-five alcohol dependent patients with sleep and mild affective disorders were treated with melaxen (melatonin IR) for 3-weeks. All subjects did not use alcohol for at least 14 days prior the trial. The battery of psychometric scales (a subjective sleep quality questionnaire, the Epworth sleepiness scale, a sleep apnea screening questionnaire, HAM-A, HAM-D, an alcohol consumption questionnaire) was used. Melaxen distinctly improved sleep latency, quality and duration of sleep, breathing during sleep. The drug decreased daily sleepiness and affective disorders, particularly, anxiety. The dosage of melaxen ranged from 3 to 6 mg depending on the respond to the minimal dose.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy , Sleep/drug effects , Temperance , Administration, Oral , Adult , Alcoholism/physiopathology , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Male , Melatonin/administration & dosage , Middle Aged , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The goal of the current study was to compare the course of relapse of alcohol dependence in patients with and without personality disorders. We studied 68 patients with alcohol dependence in the stage of decompensation and comorbid personality disorder, and 43 patients with lucid alcohol dependence. The patients were studied using a clinical examination and a battery of psychological tests. The group of patients with alcohol dependence and personality disorder was found to have better prognosis than the group with lucid alcoholism, with the exception of patients with histrionic personality disorder who had the lower self-esteem, primitive psychological defense mechanisms, lack of insight, poor social functioning, low stress tolerance, and a dysphoric variant of affective disorders.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Alcoholism/psychology , Personality Disorders/complications , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Social Adjustment , Adult , Alcoholism/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Male , PrognosisABSTRACT
Combinations of schizophrenia with addictive disorders are common in clinical practice. Some hypotheses were posited to explain this phenomenon with the biochemical hypothesis being the most common. A vast body of evidence supports the similarity in the pathogenesis of addiction and schizophrenia. Biochemical data on the pathogenesis of both diseases are used for treatment recommendations. However there are many discrepancies in this field and future research is needed.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Substance-Related Disorders/metabolism , Humans , Schizophrenia/complications , Substance-Related Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
The results of the study of 158 patients with alcohol dependence, comorbid in 85 cases with slow progressive schizophrenia and in 75 cases with affective disorders (cyclothymia), are viewed in the aspect of a theory of comorbidity. The psychopathological peculiarities of each nosologic form are singled out. The author stresses that establishing of the comorbid pathology is important for the right therapeutic strategy. The effectiveness of using the combinations of neuroleptics, either typical or atypical, and antidepressants (tricyclic, SSRIs etc) is revealed.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Alcoholism/diagnosis , Alcoholism/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity/trends , Drug Therapy, Combination , Humans , Prognosis , Russia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Alcoholism/physiopathology , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Adult , Evoked Potentials/physiology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The role of the endogenous convulsant kynurenine (K) in the mechanisms of the development of epileptic seizures in alcoholic persons was studied on a clinical material of 63 patients suffering from alcoholism with the presence on the EEG of paroxysmal alterations without epileptic fits (n = 28) and alcoholic epilepsy (n = 35), epileptic patients not abusing alcohol (n = 20), and practically healthy subjects (n = 10). There was a significant increase of the K concentration in alcoholic patients with paroxysmal disturbances on the EEG or convulsive seizures. That increase directly correlated with the rate of convulsive epileptic fits. The rise of K in patients with alcoholic epilepsy was lower than in epileptic patients, being, however, significantly higher than in practically healthy subjects abusing alcohol and having but paroxysmal alterations on the EEG (without seizures).
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/physiopathology , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Epilepsy/etiology , Kynurenine/physiology , Adult , Alcoholism/blood , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Kynurenine/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The authors studied the clinical picture of manic-depressive psychoses in 71 patients who had signs of an organic brain lesion (both anamnestically and clinically), which were confirmed by X-ray and EEG data. It was established that these patients more frequently exhibit atypical forms of affective conditions (anxious--depersonalizational syndromes, angry mania). As a rule, they also have a significant amount of supplementary psychopathological signs in the syndrome structure (dysphorea, obsessions, depersonalization). Such conditions quite often are refractory to therapy and require special therapeutical approaches.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/complications , Brain Diseases/complications , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/therapy , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
The authors studied the effectiveness of out-patient treatment by Moditen-Deppt of 128 schizophrenic patients. A comparison of the previous remissions appearing during usual pharmacotherapy and remissions seen during Moditen-Depot treatment depicted statistically significant differences, indicating a distinct prevention of exacerbations due to this preparation, an increase in the duration and improved quality of remissions. Such improved remissions were expressed in lesser severity, in a decrease of psychopathological disturbances, changes qualified as a "mollification of a defect" and an improvement of some socio-clinical indices.
