ABSTRACT
El programa Salud Global Perú (www.saludglobalperu.org) de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) organizó en julio de2007 el curso: Conceptos básicos en salud global, dirigido a estudiantes de pregrado de la UPCH y estudiantes extranjeros. Objetivo. Comunicar la evaluación del curso. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una prueba inicial y final de conocimientos y una encuesta final de satisfacción. Además, se realizó una encuesta nueve meses después de finalizado el curso. Resultados. Se evaluó a 24 participantes del curso. De las 30 preguntas de la prueba de conocimientos, la puntuación porcentual media se incrementó de 45,6 en la prueba inicial (DE = 8,37) a 68,8 (DE = 14,46) en la prueba final (p menor que 0,0001, n = 24). La mayoría de comentarios (54 por ciento) sobre el curso fueron positivos. Las principales fortalezas percibidas fueron: temas relevantes e innovadores (31 por ciento) y la calidad de los ponentes (25 por ciento). Las principales debilidades percibidas fueron: el tiempo insuficiente para algunas ponencias (42 por ciento) y algunos profesores/temas fueron difíciles de entender (18 por ciento). El 92 por ciento calificó al curso como muy bueno/excelente (22/24), 100 por ciento evaluó la utilidad como útil/muy útil. El 88 por ciento (21/24) recomendaría definitivamente el curso a otros estudiantes. A los nueve meses de seguimiento, el 88 por ciento (15/17) pusieron en práctica los conocimientos que adquirieron durante el curso. Conclusiones. El curso incrementó los conocimientos de los participantes y la mayoría de los comentarios hacia el curso fueron positivos. El curso podría servir de modelo para otros programas de entrenamiento en pregradonacionales e internacionales.
In July 2007, the Global Health Program in Peru (www.globalhealthperu.org) at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) organized a course entitled Basic concepts in Global Health for undergraduate students at UPCH and foreign students. Objective. Report the evaluation of the course. Material and methods. We measured the participantsÆ knowledge by a pre- and post-test. An end-of-course evaluation was also applied. Finally, a nine-month follow-up evaluation survey was conducted. Results. Twenty-four participants were enrolled in the course. Of 30 questions, the mean per cent score increased from 45.6 pre test (SD = 8.37) to 68.8 (SD = 14.46) for the post test (P minor that 0.0001, n = 24). At the end-of-course evaluation, most of the comments (54 per cent) about the course were positive. The main perceived strength of the course was the relevance and the innovation of the topics (31 per cent), and the quality of the speakers (25 per cent). The main perceived weakness was the short time for some presentations (42 per cent) and that some professors/topics were difficult to understand (18 per cent). 92 per cent ranked the course as very good/excellent (22/24), 100 per cent evaluated the utility of the course as useful/very useful. 88 per cent (21/24) would recommend this course to other students. At the nine-month follow-up survey, 88 per cent (15/17) of students put in practice what they learnt during the course. Conclusions. The course increased knowledge of participants and their comments towards the course were positive. The course Basic concepts in global health could be a model for other national or international undergraduate training programs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical , Education, Public Health Professional , Research , Global HealthABSTRACT
To identify Trichinella antigens suitable for high-specificity and high-sensitivity serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis, we evaluated assays using four antigens: (i) crude first-stage larval extract (CLE), (ii) O-deglycosylated CLE, (iii) tyvelose-bearing antigens (Trichinella spiralis larva group 1 [TSL-1] antigens) purified by US4 affinity chromatography and coupled directly to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates (pTSL-1 antigens), and (iv) TSL-1 antigens immobilized on ELISA plates with the monoclonal antibody (MAb) US4 (cTSL-1 antigens). Assays using these antigens were compared by analysis of sera from healthy individuals (n = 224) (group 1), individuals with noninfectious intestinal pathologies (n = 114) (group 2), individuals with other parasitic infections (n = 107) (group 3), and individuals with confirmed trichinellosis (n = 42) (group 4). Our results indicate that capture ELISA using cTSL-1 antigens is the most effective method for serodiagnosis of human trichinellosis; this was the only method showing 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity at the patent stage of the infection, and it was also the most sensitive for sera obtained prior to patency in indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). Indirect ELISA with pTSL-1 antigens was also 100% specific but was slightly less sensitive, particularly with sera obtained before IIF patency. Inhibition ELISA with MAb US4 indicated (i) that in Trichinella-infected patients the immune response to TSL-1 antigens is directed mostly against tyvelose-containing epitopes (mean of 84.2% of total anti-TSL-1 immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] antibody response [range, 51.3 to 97.6%]) and (ii) that in most individuals a large proportion of anti-CLE IgG1 antibodies (mean, 49.5%; range, 7.3 to 92.6%) are directed against tyvelose epitopes.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Helminth/blood , Trichinella spiralis/isolation & purification , Trichinellosis/diagnosis , Animals , Humans , Larva , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Trichinella spiralis/growth & development , Trichinellosis/bloodABSTRACT
Objetivo: Comparar los niveles de dolor y tolerancia a la biopsia endometrial con la cureta de Novak (Rígida), en pacientes que reciben Ibuprofeno 800mg vs placebo, 30 a45 min. antes del procedimiento. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ensayo clínico, doble ciego, randomizado y comparativo. Se incluyeron 25 pacientes por grupo de tratamiento quienes recibieron dos cápsulas de Ibuprofeno de 400mg VO o dos cápsulas de placebo VO según corresponda. Se comparó entre ambos grupos, datos de filiación, antecedentes gineco-obstétricos, motivo de la biopsia de endometrio y finalmente valoración de su experiencia de dolor y tolerancia al procedimiento. resultados: En poblaciones comparables al evaluar la variable dolor del grupo que recibió Ibuprofeno (Mediana 45mm) contra el grupo que recibió placebo (Mediana 65mm) con un p=0.0137. No se encuentra diferencia en cuanto a la valoración de la tolerancia entre el grupo que recibió Ibuprofeno (Mediana 37mm) contra el grupo que recibió placebo (53mm) con un p=0.23. Conclusión: Se concluye que la utilización de 800mg de Ibuprofeno vía oral 30 a 45 minutos antes de la biopsia endometrial en pacientes mayores de 44 años disminuye su experiencia de dolor durante el procedimiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pain , Permissiveness , Biopsy , Ibuprofen , Endometrium , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Tyvelose-bearing glycoproteins or Trichinella spiralis Group 1 antigens (TSL-1 antigens) are thought to be key molecules in the immunobiology of Trichinella. In the present study, we investigated the binding characteristics of several mAbs produced in Btk(xid) immunodeficient mice that recognise gp53 and some other minor glycoproteins of this parasite. The data obtained reveal the existence of an O-glycan/peptide epitope (recognised by mAb US8) common to all TSL-1 glycoproteins, as well as a specific interaction between the TSL-1 antigen gp53 and other unknown Trichinella glycoproteins in the 35-40 kDa range (these latter react with mAbs US8 and US9, but not with mAb US5). Some of the epitopes recognised by our mAbs are differentially expressed in Trichinella species: the epitope recognised by mAb US5 on gp53 (another O-glycan/peptide epitope) is present only in T. spiralis, whereas those recognised by mAbs US8 and US9 (peptide epitopes) are present in encapsulated Trichinella species. The data obtained also reveal that gp53 is synthesised and glycosylated in beta-stichocytes only. The possible relevance of these findings is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Helminth/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Antigens, Helminth/immunology , Glycoproteins/immunology , Trichinella/immunology , Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Helminth/genetics , Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis , Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics , Antigens, Helminth/metabolism , Cross Reactions/immunology , Epitopes/chemistry , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred CBA , Mice, Mutant Strains , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Trichinella/classification , Trichinella/cytology , Trichinella/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Chagas disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health problem in Colombia. Previous reports have indicated the presence of heterogeneity among parasite populations. Six Colombian T. cruzi strains were obtained that differed by host, geographical region and transmission cycle. The genetic variability of each was compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and isoenzymes. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was extracted using the 1.2 kb unit encoding the parasite's H2A histone as a probe. Genetic distances between the isolates varied greatly, from 0.611 to 0.99 as determined by RAPD profiles (M13F and M13R primers), between 0 and 0.81 by RFLP profiles (5 endonucleases), and between 0.10 and 0.55 by isoenzymes (13 enzymatic systems). Genetic distance matrixes derived from each of the three methods showed that Colombian strains exhibit a high degree of genetic differentiation. This may account for the broad clinical spectrum of Chagas disease in Colombia.
Subject(s)
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Trypanosoma cruzi/genetics , Animals , Colombia , Trypanosoma cruzi/classificationABSTRACT
Chagas disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health problem in Colombia. Previous reports have indicated the presence of heterogeneity among parasite populations. Six Colombian T. cruzi strains were obtained that differed by host, geographical region and transmission cycle. The genetic variability of each was compared by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and isoenzymes. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was extracted using the 1.2 kb unit encoding the parasite's H2A histone as a probe. Genetic distances between the isolates varied greatly, from 0.611 to 0.99 as determined by RAPD profiles (M13F and M13R primers), between 0 and 0.81 by RFLP profiles (5 endonucleases), and between 0.10 and 0.55 by isoenzymes (13 enzymatic systems). Genetic distance matrixes derived from each of the three methods showed that Colombian strains exhibit a high degree of genetic differentiation. This may account for the broad clinical spectrum of Chagas disease in Colombia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Trypanosoma cruzi , Colombia , Trypanosoma cruziABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se describe un método rápido, sencillo y eficaz para la obtención de ADN genómico de Trypanosoma cruzi, libre de impurezas y fácil de manipular. Dicho procedimiento se basa en la lisis del parásito con SDS y remoción de proteínas mediante la digestión con proteinasa K, seguida de la precipitación selectiva de carbohidratos y proteínas residuales con bromuro de hexadecil-trimetil-amonio (CTAB). Finalmente, el ADN se extrae con cloroformo: alcohol isoamílico y se recupera de la fase acuosa mediante precipitación con isopropanol
Subject(s)
Animals , Bromides , DNA/isolation & purification , Trypanosoma cruzi/chemistry , DNA/drug effectsABSTRACT
De acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en un área con riesgo de cólera se debe establecer un Laboraroio Nacional de Referencia. Durante la actual epidemia de cólera el grupo de Microbiología del Instituto Nacional de Salud asumió la responsabilidad de entrenar personal de laboratorio, suministrar materiales para el diagnóstico bacteriológico y desarrollar un programa de garantía de calidad. Todos los Servicios de Salud participaron en el taller de adiestramiento. Durante los 23 meses del brote (febrero 1991 a diciembre de 1992) se han aislado e identificado 1412 cepas de Vibrio cholera 01 (empleando el agar TCBS, las pruebas de la oxidasa, cuerda y aglutinación) de 5032 muestras procedentes de 32 de los 33 Servicios de Salud y se han confrmado 1919 cepas, enviadas por 22 laboratorios regionales; de las 3331 cepas, 3302 (99,13 por ciento) subtipo Inaba y 29 (0,87 por ciento) subtipo Ogawa. Veinte cepas, aisladas en diferentes regiones fueron caracterizadas por sus propiedades bioquímicas e inmunológicas y en 5 de ellas se determinó el biotipo y la producción de toxina. Los resultados identificaron a las cepas como V. cholerae 01, biotipo El Tor, toxogénicas. Las 138 cepas en las que se determinó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mostraron sensibilidad a la tetraciclina. Nuestra experiencia previa en el programa de Bacteriología Clínica nos permitió asumir la responsabilidad de Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia
