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1.
Med Intensiva ; 33(7): 327-35, 2009 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19828395

ABSTRACT

Brain death implies the complete cessation of activity in both cerebral hemispheres and in the brainstem; this leads to severe physiopathological disorders that make donor maintenance complex and involve the concomitant risk of rapid organ deterioration. The heart is one of the target organs in this process of multiple organ failure. Myocardial stunning occurs due to a "catecholamine storm" and subsequent release of many proinflammatory mediators, free oxygen radicals, and electrolyte imbalance secondary to insipid diabetes and hypothermia. Cardiac arrest during the maintenance of a donor after brain death is relatively frequent. The shortage of organs for transplantation has led to the broadening of the criteria for organ donation to include donation after cardiac death or non heart beating donation, among others.


Subject(s)
Brain Death , Death, Sudden, Cardiac , Tissue Donors , Death , Humans , Tissue Donors/classification
4.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 24(3): 97-105, mar. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5164

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se presenta una revisión histórica del concepto de muerte de un ser vivo y de la importancia de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, sobre todo del desarrollo de las técnicas de soporte vital, en la aparición del concepto de muerte encefálica (también denominada muerte cerebral). Fue la inquietud médica por realizar un diagnóstico certero de la muerte en pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica lo que motivó el desarrollo de nuevas definiciones de muerte basadas en la pérdida definitiva de las funciones del sistema nervioso central. Se analizan los diferentes criterios de muerte encefálica que se han utilizado a través del tiempo y que soportan los tres conceptos de muerte encefálica que se manejan en la actualidad: muerte de todo el encéfalo, muerte del tronco cerebral y muerte de la neocorteza cerebral. De cada uno de ellos, se revisa el propio concepto de muerte, los criterios asociados a esa definición, las pruebas o procedimientos diagnósticos a utilizar, y los argumentos a favor y en contra de su aceptación generalizada. Se concluye que a la luz de los conocimientos actuales, el cese irreversible de las funciones encefálicas (sin entrar a definir la porción del encéfalo que debe perder irreversiblemente sus funciones) es el único concepto válido de muerte, ya que no existe ninguna posibilidad de soporte o suplencia de las funciones del sistema nervioso central. Por su aceptación generalizada y por ser el utilizado desde un punto de vista legal en la mayoría de los países de nuestro entorno, incluida España, hemos asumido el concepto de "muerte de todo el encéfalo", dado que, además, ha proporcionado un abordaje práctico y socialmente aceptable de la definición de muerte (AU)


Subject(s)
Critical Care/methods , Critical Care/organization & administration , Critical Care , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial , Brain Death/pathology , Brain Death/physiopathology , Critical Care/methods , Critical Care/standards , Critical Care/organization & administration , Brain Death/classification , Brain Death/physiopathology
5.
An Med Interna ; 16(5): 229-35, 1999 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10389307

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To know if the determination of the angiotensin converting enzyme in serum (SACE) and lung (LACE) may be useful as a marker of acute lung injury (ALI) in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHOD: By reproducing in a experimental model of ALI with oleic acid in dogs which simulate the early stage of ARDS, we have correlated the pathologic and analytical changes observed with the results of the determinations of SACE and LACE. RESULTS: We have found sequential pulmonary lesions (congestion, edema, hemorrhage polynuclear infiltration and thrombosis) and biological alteration (hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, early leukopenia and final leukocytosis, thrombopenia and hypofibrinogenemia) that reproduce the typical changes of ARDS, together with the decrease of SACE--slow and progressive--and LACE--abrupt in the onset and maintained during the experiment--. CONCLUSIONS: The LACE is a good marker of the beginning of the lesion because its decrease coincides with the first pathological changes (congestion) and with the hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension and leukopenia, maintained without changes, during the whole experiment. On the other hand, the SACE corresponds as an inespecifical reactant, marker of acute inflammation and loss of pulmonary endothelium, because its progressive decrease evolutioned with the pathological lesions and the analytical changes. In conclusion, the sequential determination of SACE has a prognostic and evolutive value in comparison with the LACE, which has a diagnostic value from the beginning of the experiment of ALI and maintained throughout.


Subject(s)
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism , Animals , Biomarkers , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/pathology
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