Evolución de la capacidad funcional en personas mayores en programa de atención domiciliaria y evaluación de factores predictivos de mortalidad / Evolution of functional ability in older people under home care program and evaluation of predictive mortality factors

Objetivos: Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar la evolución de la capacidad funcional en mayores de 65 años de la Región Sanitaria de Lleida durante su estancia en el programa de atención domiciliaria (ATDOM), y analizar los factores predictores de mortalidad Metodología: Se trata de un estudio longitudinal. La muestra incluye las estancias (procesos) ≥ 6 meses en el programa ATDOM ocurridos durante 5 años. Las variables a estudio fueron la capacidad funcional al ingreso, a la mitad y al final del proceso, las características sociodemográficas, las enfermedades crónicas, el estado de salud, los problemas sociofamiliares y la mortalidad Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 8.189 personas, con un total de 8.433 procesos abiertos entre los años 2011 y 2016. La capacidad funcional empeoró más en las primeras fases del proceso, y se mantuvo más estable en la fase final. En las personas más mayores, con demencia senil y con presencia de úlceras por presión, la dependencia aumentaba conforme avanzaba el proceso. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio sobre la relación de la dependencia funcional en la valoración inicial y el mayor riesgo de mortalidad son coincidentes con estudios desarrollados (AU)

Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the evolution of functional ability in patients over 65 years of age during the home care program in the Lleida Health Region and analyze the predictors of mortality. Methodology: The sample includes stays in the home care program (processes) of at least six months long over five years. The variables under study were functional ability at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the process, sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health status, socio-family problems, and mortality. Results: A total of 8,189 people were included with a total of 8,433 processes opened between the years 2011 and 2016. Functional ability worsened more in the early stages of the process, remaining more stable in the final phase. In older patients, with senile dementia and the presence of pressure ulcers, dependence increased as the process progressed. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study on the relationship of functional ability in the initial assessment and the increased risk of mortality are consistent with studies carried out (AU)

Envejecimiento, nutrición y apoyo social. Un ABS de Barcelona / Aging, nutrition and social care. One "ABS" in Barcelona

Según el informe de la Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria de 1998, la población está sufriendo cambios demográficos debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida y disminución de la natalidad. Con el aumento de la edad, se presenta mayor riesgo de déficit nutricional y cada vez más, una mala alimentación da lugar a una mala salud en los europeos. El estado de salud físico y mental de las personas mayores depende en gran parte de la forma de alimentarse durante la vida adulta. Por otro lado, como profesionales de la salud nos interesa conocer la disponibilidad de recursos de que disponen las personas mayores para satisfacer sus necesidades de afecto, estima, aprobación, sentido de pertenencia, identidad y seguridad, es decir, su apoyo social. El propósito de nuestro estudio fue conocer las características sociodemográficas, el estado nutricional y apoyo social de las personas mayores de 65 años del distrito del “Eixample” de Barcelona

According to a report by the Spanish Society of Public Health and Sanitary Administration in 1998, the general population is undergoing demographic changes due to an increase in life span and a decrease in the birth rate. With an increase in age, there is a greater risk to suffer a nutritional deficit; constantly on the rise, poor nutrition leads to poor health among Europeans. The physical and mental health state of the elderly depends to a high degree on eating habits during one's entire adult life. On the other hand, as health professionals we are interested in knowing the availability of resources the elderly can avail themselves to in order to satisfy their needs for affection, love, acceptance, sense of belonging, identity and security; which is to say their social network. The objective of our study was to know the sociodemographical characteristics, the nutritional state and the social network for persons above 65 years of age in the "Eixample" District in Barcelona

[Aging, nutrition and social care. One "ABS" in Barcelona]. / Envejecimiento, nutrición y apoyo social. Un ABS de Barcelona.

According to a report by the Spanish Society of Public Health and Sanitary Administration in 1998, the general population is undergoing demographic changes due to an increase in life span and a decrease in the birth rate. With an increase in age, there is a greater risk to suffer a nutritional deficit; constantly on the rise, poor nutrition leads to poor health among Europeans. The physical and mental health state of the elderly depends to a high degree on eating habits during one's entire adult life. On the other hand, as health professionals we are interested in knowing the availability of resources the elderly can avail themselves to in order to satisfy their needs for affection, love, acceptance, sense of belonging, identity and security; which is to say their social network. The objective of our study was to know the sociodemographical characteristics, the nutritional state and the social network for persons above 65 years of age in the "Eixample" District in Barcelona.

[Alcohol consumption among students of the autonomous community of Extremadura]. / Consumo de alcohol en escolares de la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura.

OBJECTIVES: To find the number of drinkers, the relationship of their environment to the habit and attitudes to alcohol of Estremaduran children in the eighth year of EGB/second of ESO. DESIGN: Crossover descriptive study of a representative sample of the students in these school years. SETTING: All the schools in our autonomous community. PARTICIPANTS: 996 students belonging to various educational establishments. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We used a self-filled questionnaire with questions on the alcohol consumption of those being surveyed and their parents, siblings, friends and teachers. Other variables such as age, sex, parents' educational qualifications and other questions touching on the attitude to alcohol were included too. The subjects were 13-14 years old (54% boys and 46% girls). 15.50% were habitual drinkers and 54.43% occasional drinkers, with the number of boys predominating in the two groups (72.72 against 27.27% and 54.07 against 45.93%, respectively). Consumption was clearly higher in the father, siblings and friends of habitual drinkers (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Parents of non-drinkers had higher educational qualifications. Habitual drinkers, and to a lesser degree occasional drinkers, displayed favourable attitudes to consumption and a positive association with alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: Given their age, the percentage of drinkers is worrying and is linked to the presence of the habit in their closest social environment. The positive attitudes to alcohol consumption of our school students justify the introduction of prevention programmes.

Consumo de alcohol en escolares de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura / Alcohol consumption by school-children in the autonomous community of Estremadura

Objetivos. Conocer la proporción de bebedores, la relación del entorno con el hábito y las actitudes hacia el alcohol en los escolares extremeños de 8.º EGB/2.º ESO. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo transversal de una muestra representativa de los alumnos de dichos cursos. Emplazamiento. Todos los colegios de nuestra comunidad autónoma. Participantes. Novecientos noventa y seis alumnos pertenecientes a diversos centros educativos. Mediciones y resultados principales. Utilizamos un cuestionario autoadministrado con preguntas sobre el consumo de alcohol en los encuestados, en sus padres, hermanos, amigos y profesores. También se incluyen otras variables, caso de edad, sexo, nivel educativo de los padres y otras preguntas referentes a la actitud hacia el alcohol. La edad de los encuestados es de 13-14 años (54 por ciento varones y 46 por ciento mujeres). Un 15,50 por ciento es bebedor habitual y el 54,43 por ciento bebedor ocasional; en ambos grupos es superior la proporción de varones (72,72 frente a 27,27 por ciento y 54,07 frente a 45,93 por ciento, respectivamente). La presencia del hábito es claramente superior en el padre, hermanos y amigos de los bebedores habituales (p < 0,05, < 0,001 y < 0,001, respectivamente). Los padres de los no bebedores presentan niveles educativos superiores. Los bebedores habituales, y en menor medida los ocasionales, muestran actitudes favorables al consumo y una asociación positiva con la ingesta de alcohol. Conclusiones. Considerando la edad, nuestra proporción de bebedores es preocupante y se asocia a la presencia del hábito en el entorno social más próximo. Las actitudes favorables hacia el consumo en nuestros escolares justifican la introducción de programas de prevención (AU)

[Tobacco consumption in school-children from the autonomous community of Extremadura]. / Consumo de tabaco en escolares de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura.

OBJECTIVES: To find the number of smokers among school-children in Extremadura in the eighth year of EGB/second of ESO, the relationship of their environment with the acquisition of the habit and their attitudes towards tobacco. DESIGN: Crossover study of a representative sample of the students doing these courses. SETTING: All the schools in our autonomous community. PARTICIPANTS: 1062 students from various schools. MEASUREMENTS: We used a self-administered questionnaire with questions on the tobacco consumption of the interviewees, their parents, siblings, friends and teachers. The study included other variables, such as age, sex, alcohol consumption, parents' educational qualifications and other questions pertinent to attitudes to tobacco. RESULTS: The age of those surveyed was 13-14 (54% boys), of whom 18.27% were habitual smokers (95% CI, 15.95-20.59). Tobacco consumption was higher in boys (20.48% against 15.24% in girls; p = 0.05). The habit is clearly higher in friends, siblings, fathers and mothers of smokers (p < 0.001; < 0.001; < 0.001, and < 0.01, respectively), but not in teachers. Parents of non-smokers had higher educational qualifications. Smokers showed favourable attitudes towards consumption and a positive association with alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: Given their age, the number of smokers is high and is associated with the presence of the habit in their most immediate social environment. Attitudes in our school-children which favour consumption justify the introduction of prevention programmes.

[Primary care of bedsores. Frequency and characteristics]. / Ulceras por presión en atención primaria. Frecuencia y características.

INTRODUCTION: The number of patients afflicted by bedsores under the care of a Primary Health Clinic is not well-known. Nevertheless, it is a pathology directly related to nursing care and one which causes an important loss in patient's quality of life; it aggravates and inhibits the cure of other health problems; it increases suffering and morbidity; and, at the same time, it increases nursing care time as well as the costs of health care. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Under a widerange study carried out during the month of March, 1996, data from homecare patients suffering from bedsores was collected by means of a registration list sent to 305 Primary Health Care Clinic nurses in the province. RESULTS: The 177 nurses who responded registered 107 patients with bedsores. 93.45% of these patients were older than 65. 234 bedsores were recorded. This means 2.19 findings per patient, 38.03% on heels and 21.79% on trochanters. 36.75% presented superficial necrosis and 24.36% evidenced profound necrosis. The average reading on the Norton Scale was 8.65 +/- 3.25 (mean +/- standard deviation). OBSERVATIONS: The prevalence of Primary Health Care Clinic patients suffering from bedsores in the province of Cacers during the period studied swings from 4 to 6 patients for every 10,000 inhabitants and this value increases to between 22 and 26 for every 10,000 inhabitants over 65.