ABSTRACT
Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive disorder by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA) with intralysosomal glycogen accumulation in multiple tissues. We present the case of a 5-month-old male with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypotony, feeding difficulties, and oxygen requirement since birth. At 3 months of age, he develops heart failure, respiratory impairment, and neurological deterioration. The echocardiogram revealed concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left-diastolic dysfunction. We found increased creatine-phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and urinary glucose tetrasaccharide levels, 50% of PAS-positive vacuolated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood smear, and low GAA activity. Sequencing of coding exons and flanking intronic sequences revealed a novel homozygous 4 bp deletion in exon 15 of the GAA gene (c.2066_2069delAGCC/p.Glu689Glyfs*6). IOPD was diagnosed. At 5 months old, we started enzyme replacement therapy with an alpha-alglucosidase of 20 mg/kg weekly and immunomodulation with intravenous immunoglobulin. He developed two cardiorespiratory arrests with subsequent neurologic deterioration, convulsive crisis, and respiratory failure and died at 9 months old. We found the usual PD hallmarks in the heart, striated muscle, and liver but also we found neuronal lesions characterized by cytoplasm vacuolization with PAS-positive granules in the central nervous system and myenteric plexus. We describe a novel GAA gene pathogenic variant with a particular phenotype characterized by classic IOPD and neurologic histopathological findings. Enhancing the knowledge of lysosomal diseases is critical to improving the diagnosis and treatment of these patients.
Subject(s)
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic , Glycogen Storage Disease Type II , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics , Enzyme Replacement Therapy , Glycogen Storage Disease Type II/diagnosis , Glycogen Storage Disease Type II/genetics , Glycogen Storage Disease Type II/pathology , Humans , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , alpha-Glucosidases/geneticsABSTRACT
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a key part of the hematopoietic niche. Mouse and human BMSCs are recognized by different markers (LepR and NGFR/CD271, respectively). However, there has not been a detailed in situ comparison of both populations within the hematopoietic microenvironment. Moreover, dog BMSCs have not been characterized in situ by any of those markers. We conducted a systematic histopathological comparison of mouse, human, and dog BMSCs within their bone marrow architecture and microenvironment. Human and dog CD271+ BMSCs had a morphology, frequency, and distribution within trabecular bone marrow similar to those of mouse LepR+ BMSCs. However, mouse bone marrow had higher cellularity and megakaryocyte content. In conclusion, highly comparable bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell distribution among the three species establishes the validity of using mouse and dog as a surrogate experimental model of hematopoietic stem cell-BMSC interactions. However, the distinct differences in adipocyte and megakaryocyte microenvironment content of mouse bone marrow and how they might influence hematopoietic stem cell interactions as compared with humans require further study.
Subject(s)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Child , Dogs , Humans , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/ultrastructure , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, SCID , Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis , Receptors, Leptin/analysis , Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/analysis , Species Specificity , Stem Cell NicheABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Rare subgroups of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as t(16:21) (p11;q22), require international cooperation to establish a proper stratification system to assign clinical risk. Case report: Here, we report a 13-year-old female who was admitted for asthenia, fatigue, and intermittent fever. The hematological data showed thrombocytopenia and anemia, and the bone marrow test showed 82.5% blast cells, which were positive for CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD117. Blast cells showed negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive periodic acid-Schiff staining. A diagnosis of AML M6 was made. Cells were positive for the fusion transcript FUS-ERG t(16;21)(p11;q22). The patient achieved morphological remission. However, molecular remission was not achieved, and she died 11 months after diagnosis. Conclusions: It is essential to report this sporadic case of AML to provide clinicians with data for clinical decision-making, such as for risk-group stratification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first association between this translocation and this morphological subtype.
Resumen Introducción: La leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) infantil es una enfermedad heterogénea, por lo que existen subgrupos de rara presentación, como aquellos con t(16;21)(p11;q22). Para establecer el riesgo clínico y la estratificación pronóstica adecuada es necesaria la cooperación internacional. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de una adolescente de 13 años, admitida por astenia, adinamia y fiebre intermitente. Los datos hematológicos mostraron trombocitopenia y anemia, con un 82.5% de blastos en médula ósea, los cuales fueron positivos para CD13, CD33, CD38 y CD 117. Los blastos fueron negativos para mieloperoxidasa y positivos para ácido peryódico de Schiff. Se realizó el diagnóstico morfológico de LMA M6. Las células fueron positivas para el transcrito FUS-ERG t(16;21)(p11;q22). La paciente alcanzó la remisión morfológica; sin embargo, no fue posible la remisión molecular y falleció 11 meses después del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: Es importante reportar casos en los que se identifique un subtipo muy raro de LMA infantil para incrementar la evidencia clínica y contribuir con elementos que ayuden a tomar decisiones clínicas y lograr la estratificación en grupos de riesgo. Hasta la fecha, este el primer caso reportado en que se asocia el transcrito t(16;21)(p11;q22) con el subtipo morfológico LMA M6.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Translocation, Genetic , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/geneticsABSTRACT
Background: Background">Rare subgroups of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), such as t(16:21) (p11;q22), require international cooperation to establish a proper stratification system to assign clinical risk. Case report: Here, we report a 13-year-old female who was admitted for asthenia, fatigue, and intermittent fever. The hematological data showed thrombocytopenia and anemia, and the bone marrow test showed 82.5% blast cells, which were positive for CD13, CD33, CD38, and CD117. Blast cells showed negative myeloperoxidase staining and positive periodic acid-Schiff staining. A diagnosis of AML M6 was made. Cells were positive for the fusion transcript FUS-ERG t(16;21)(p11;q22). The patient achieved morphological remission. However, molecular remission was not achieved, and she died 11 months after diagnosis. Conclusions: It is essential to report this sporadic case of AML to provide clinicians with data for clinical decision-making, such as for risk-group stratification. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first association between this translocation and this morphological subtype.
Introducción: La leucemia mieloide aguda (LMA) infantil es una enfermedad heterogénea, por lo que existen subgrupos de rara presentación, como aquellos con t(16;21)(p11;q22). Para establecer el riesgo clínico y la estratificación pronóstica adecuada es necesaria la cooperación internacional. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de una adolescente de 13 años, admitida por astenia, adinamia y fiebre intermitente. Los datos hematológicos mostraron trombocitopenia y anemia, con un 82.5% de blastos en médula ósea, los cuales fueron positivos para CD13, CD33, CD38 y CD 117. Los blastos fueron negativos para mieloperoxidasa y positivos para ácido peryódico de Schiff. Se realizó el diagnóstico morfológico de LMA M6. Las células fueron positivas para el transcrito FUS-ERG t(16;21)(p11;q22). La paciente alcanzó la remisión morfológica; sin embargo, no fue posible la remisión molecular y falleció 11 meses después del diagnóstico. Conclusiones: Es importante reportar casos en los que se identifique un subtipo muy raro de LMA infantil para incrementar la evidencia clínica y contribuir con elementos que ayuden a tomar decisiones clínicas y lograr la estratificación en grupos de riesgo. Hasta la fecha, este el primer caso reportado en que se asocia el transcrito t(16;21)(p11;q22) con el subtipo morfológico LMA M6.
Subject(s)
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Translocation, Genetic , Adolescent , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/geneticsABSTRACT
ResumenIntroducción: La incontinencia pigmenti es una enfermedad genética rara ligada al cromosoma X, letal en el varón, que afecta a todos los tejidos derivados del ectodermo, como piel, faneras, ojos, dientes y sistema nervioso central, y presenta alteraciones de grado variable en la inmunidad celular. Se caracteriza por la disminución de la melanina en la epidermis y su incremento en la dermis.Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una lactante de dos meses de edad con incontinencia pigmenti grave, confirmada con estudio histopatológico de piel, que cursó con alteraciones neurológicas severas y crisis convulsivas. Además, presentó inmunodeficiencia celular grave que condicionó el desarrollo de infecciones que le ocasionaron la muerte.Conclusiones: Se resalta la importancia del diagnóstico clínico temprano, así como la importancia del manejo multidisciplinario de las alteraciones neurológicas y de las complicaciones infecciosas.
AbstractBackground: Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare, X-linked genetic disease and affects all ectoderm-derived tissues such as skin, appendages, eyes, teeth and central nervous system as well as disorders of varying degree of cellular immunity characterized by decreasing melanin in the epidermis and increase in the dermis. When the condition occurs in males, it is lethal.Case report: We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe incontinentia pigmenti confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The condition evolved with severe neurological disorders and seizures along with severe cellular immune deficiency, which affected the development of severe infections and caused the death of the patient.Conclusions: The importance of early clinical diagnosis is highlighted along with the importance of multidisciplinary management of neurological disorders and infectious complications.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare, X-linked genetic disease and affects all ectoderm-derived tissues such as skin, appendages, eyes, teeth and central nervous system as well as disorders of varying degree of cellular immunity characterized by decreasing melanin in the epidermis and increase in the dermis. When the condition occurs in males, it is lethal. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 2-month-old infant with severe incontinentia pigmenti confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The condition evolved with severe neurological disorders and seizures along with severe cellular immune deficiency, which affected the development of severe infections and caused the death of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of early clinical diagnosis is highlighted along with the importance of multidisciplinary management of neurological disorders and infectious complications.
ABSTRACT
Introducción. El edema agudo hemorrágico de la infancia (EAHI) es una entidad nosológica que se manifiesta en niños pequeños, es autolimitada y de curso benigno. Usualmente su manifestación es secundaria y existe el antecedente de infección de vías aéreas superiores, administración de antibióticos o aplicación de vacunas. Las dos manifestaciones cutáneas principales son lesiones purpúricas en roseta o cocarda y anulares o en tiro al blanco, que se encuentran de manera primaria en cara y extremidades superiores, además hay edema en cara y extremidades. Caso clínico. Se informa el caso de un preescolar femenino de 4 años y 11 meses de edad con manifestaciones clínicas clásicas de esta entidad, pero que se presentó en edad tardía. Conclusión. Se refuerza el concepto de que la púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein y el EAHI son entidades diferentes.
Introduction. Infantile acute hemorrhagic edema (IAHE) is an entity manifested in young children and has a self-limiting and benign course. It usually appears secondary to a history of upper respiratory illness, course of antibiotics or vaccination. The two primary cutaneous features include large "cockade" or rosette appearance or annular purpuric lesions found primarily on the face and upper extremities along with edema of the limbs and face. Case report. We report the case of a female patient (age 4 years and 11 months) who manifested all the classic clinical characteristics of this entity at an older age. Conclusion. The concept that Henoch-Schönlein purpura and acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy are different entities is reinforced.
ABSTRACT
Dermoscopy has become an important tool for evaluating skin lesions in children. We report the dermoscopic findings in a case of Bean syndrome and emphasize the utility of this technique in vascular lesions.
Subject(s)
Cerebral Veins/abnormalities , Dermoscopy , Gastrointestinal Tract/blood supply , Skin/blood supply , Vascular Malformations/diagnosis , Veins/abnormalities , Adolescent , Anemia, Hypochromic/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
El síndrome de Sweet es el prototipo de las dermatosis neutrofílicas. Fue descripto por primera vez por el Dr. Douglas Sweet en 1964. La enfermedad presenta distribución mundial. Es poco frecuente en la población general y su ocurrencia en la infancia es aún más rara. Su etiología es desconocida, sin embargo existen varias hipótesis que la vinculan con infecciones, trastornos autoinmunitarios, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y procesos malignos. Se caracteriza por cinco rasgos principales: 1) aparición brusca de placas eritemato-edematosas dolorosas a nivel de cabeza, cuello y extremidades superiores; 2) fiebre; 3) leucocitosis neutrofílica; 4) denso infiltrado dérmico de predominio polimorfonuclear; 5) rápida respuesta a la terapéutica esteroidea. Presentamos la experiencia clínica de los últimos 20 años del Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez.
Sweet syndrome is the prototype of the neutrophilic dermatoses. It was first described in 1964 by Dr. Douglas Sweet. It has a worldwide distribution. It is a very infrequent disease in the general population and even during childhood. Its etiology is unknown, however, there are various hypothesis given its association with infections, autoinmune disorders, intestinal inflammatory disease and tumors. It is characterized by 1) sudden onset of erythematous and painful plaques in the head, neck, and upper extremities; 2) fever; 3) neutrophilic leukocytosis; 4) dense polymorphonuclear infiltrate in dermis; 4) rapid response to steroid therapy. We present the clinic experience of the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez in the last 20 years.
