Histopathological Differences in Adult and Elderly Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND: Adult and elderly patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergo similar therapeutic management. Few studies have undertaken sinonasal tissue-level comparisons of these groups. This study examines histopathological differences between adults (>18, <65 years) and the elderly (≥65 years) with CRS, with the goal of optimizing medical management. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort analysis, demographic factors, comorbidities, and a structured histopathological report of 13 variables were compared across adult and elderly patients with CRS who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. These cohorts of adult and elderly patients included patients with and without nasal polyps (NP). RESULTS: Three hundred adult (158 aCRSsNP, 142 aCRSwNP) and 77 elderly (38 eCRSsNP, 39 eCRSwNP) patients were analyzed. Mean age of the adult cohort was 44.4 ± 12.4 years, while that of the elderly cohort was 71.9 ± 5.9 years (P < .001). Significantly more adults compared to elderly individuals demonstrated a positive atopic status (79.7% vs 64.0%, P = .004). Elderly patients exhibited higher rates of comorbid diabetes mellitus than adult patients (21.6% vs 10.3%, P = .009). Adults exhibited more tissue eosinophilia (43.4% vs 28.6%, P = .012) and presence of eosinophil aggregates (25.0% vs 14.3%, P = .029) compared to elderly patients, regardless of NP status. Conversely, the elderly demonstrated significantly more fungal elements (11.7% vs 3.0%, P = .004), and trended toward increased overall inflammation (63.6% vs 55.3%, P = .118) and tissue neutrophilia (35.1% vs 27.3%, P = .117), compared to adults. CONCLUSION: Sinonasal tissue of adult and elderly patients with CRS demonstrates clear histopathological differences. Patient comorbidities, in addition to histopathological characterizations, may provide further context for management optimization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2. SHORT SUMMARY: Sinonasal tissue samples from adult and elderly patients with CRS demonstrate clear histopathological differences. These patient populations also exhibit unique comorbidities. These distinctions have the potential to inform and optimize management of this condition.

Histopathologic differences between adult and pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

BACKGROUND: Adult and pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may have differing philosophies in therapeutic management. Few studies have examined sinonasal tissue-level comparisons of these groups. This study examines histopathologic differences between children and adults with CRS, with the goal of understanding disease pathogenesis and optimizing medical management for both populations. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort of CRS patients who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), demographic factors, pertinent comorbidities, and a structured histopathologic report of 13 variables were compared across pediatric and adult CRS patients with and without nasal polyps (pCRSwNP, pCRSsNP, aCRSwNP, aCRSsNP, respectively). RESULTS: A total of 378 adult (181 aCRSsNP, 197 aCRSwNP) and 50 pediatric (28 pCRSsNP, 22 pCRSwNP) patients were analyzed. Significantly more children compared with adults had a comorbid asthma diagnosis (64.5% vs. 37.2%, p = 0.003). Adults with CRS exhibited significantly more tissue neutrophilia (28.9% vs. 12.0%, p = 0.006), basement membrane thickening (70.3% vs. 44.0%, p < 0.001), subepithelial edema (61% vs. 30.0%, p < 0.001), squamous metaplasia (22.0% vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001), and eosinophil aggregates (22.8% vs. 4.0%, p < 0.001) than children with CRS. The majority (66.5%) of adult CRS patients exhibited a lymphoplasmacytic-predominant inflammatory background, whereas the majority (57.8%) of children with CRS exhibited a lymphocyte-predominant inflammatory background. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal tissue of adult and pediatric CRS patients demonstrates clear histopathologic differences. Our findings provide insight into differing pathophysiology, which may enable optimization of targeted therapies for patients in each of these unique clinical groups.

Redes sociales, autoeficacia academica y bienestar en adolescentes de la zona Maya de Yucatan / Social networks, academic self-efficacy, and perception of wellbeing in Mayan adolescents in Mexico

Este trabajo explora la relación entre la utilización de las redes sociales, la autoeficacia académica y la percepción de bienestar de adolescentes en la zona maya de Yucatán, Mexico. En esta región rural, la utilización de tecnología y redes sociales y su impacto en variables psicológicas ha sido poco explorada. Para esto, se administró una batería de tres instrumentos que miden cada una de estas variables a 1013 estudiantes de secundaria de primer (n = 518; edad X = 15 años) y de tercer grado (n = 495; edad X = 17 años). Los resultados demuestran que el acceso a internet y las redes sociales son menores al de estudiantes de zonas urbanas. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las variables estudiadas, por lo que se concluye que el uso de redes sociales tiene poco impacto tanto en la autoeficacia académica, como en las percepciones de bienestar. Las mujeres puntuaron más alto que los hombres en todas las medidas y mostraron más altas expectativas de ingresar en la universidad. Los adolescentes del primer grado puntuaron menos que los de tercero en las percepciones de bienestar, probablemente por factores del desarrollo. Los hallazgos en favor de mayor bienestar en las mujeres han sido consistentes con otros estudios en la zona maya de Yucatán que cuestionan la aparente desventaja de género en este contexto particular. El impacto de las redes sociales en adolescentes de zonas rurales, en virtud del incremento en su uso a raíz de la pandemia COVID, debe continuar siendo investigado

This work explores the relationship between the use of social networks and feelings of academic self-efficacy, and the perception of wellbeing in adolescents of the Mayan zone of the Yucatan, Mexico. In this region the impact of social networks on psychological variables has not been sufficiently studied. A battery of three instruments measuring each one of the variables under study was administered to 1013 Junior High students from first (n = 518; age X = 15 age; US = 7th grade) and third grade (n = 495; age X = 17 ; US = 9th grade). Results suggest that access to the internet and social networks is less frequent than those of adolescents in urban areas. No significant relationships were found between the variables under scrutiny. Thus, it is concluded that the use of social networks seems to have little impact in either self-efficacy feelings or the perception of wellbeing. Regarding well-being and self-efficacy, women showed higher scores and expressed higher expectations to attend college. Younger participants showed lower scores probably because of developmental issues. Higher levels of wellbeing and efficacy in women have been consistently reported in other studies in this region, thus gender differences against women should remain in question considering these findings. In the future, due to the increased use of social networks within the frame of COVID pandemic, their influence in psychological variables in rural zones deserves further future research

Perfiles de estudiantes mexicanos con aptitudes intelectuales sobresalientes / Psychological profiles of Mexican gifted students / Perfis de estudantes mexicanos com aptidões intelectuais destacáveis

El estudio se propuso determinar si la motivación al logro y el autoconcepto social permitían identificar conglomerados en estudiantes de bachillerato intelectualmente sobresalientes. Se realizó un diseño clasificatorio con una metodología cuantitativa para lo cual, mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple, se seleccionaron 133 estudiantes sobresalientes. Se identificaron dos conglomerados de estudiantes: el primero se denominó 'Altamente orientado al logro', y el segundo como 'Poco orientado al logro', respectivamente. Los estudiantes del primer conglomerado se caracterizaron por una mayor motivación al logro académico, menor autoconcepto social y mejor promedio académico. Se concluyó que en los aspectos motivacionales y emocionales los estudiantes sobresalientes presentan diferencias importantes, lo que sugiere tener cuidado con las generalizaciones realizadas sin sustento empírico. Asimismo, evidenció la importancia de la identificación de las diferencias individuales como parte de las estrategias de orientación y tutoría a estos alumnos.

The study was aimed to determine whether achievement motivation and social self-concept allowed identifying clusters of intellectually outstanding high school students. A classification design with a quantitative methodology was applied whereby, by simple random sampling, 133 outstanding students were selected. Two clusters of students were identified: the first, known as 'Highly achievement oriented', and the second as 'Lowly achievement oriented', respectively. Students of the first cluster were characterized by a greater motivation toward academic achievement, lower social self-concept and higher academic average. It was concluded that in motivational and emotional aspects outstanding students show significant differences which suggests being careful with generalizations made without empirical support. The study also showed the importance of identifying individual differences as part of the counseling and tutoring strategies with these students.

O estudo propôs determinar se a motivação ao sucesso e o autoconceito social permitiam identificar conglomerados em estudantes de segundo grau intelectualmente destacados. Foi feito um estudo classificatório com uma metodologia quantitativa para a qual, mediante uma amostragem aleatória simples, foram selecionados 133 estudantes destacados. Identificaram-se dois conglomerados de estudantes: o primeiro denominou-se 'Altamente orientado ao êxito, e o segundo como 'Pouco orientado ao êxito, respectivamente. Os estudantes do primeiro conglomerado caracterizaram-se por uma maior motivação ao sucesso acadêmico, menor autoconceito social e melhor média acadêmica. Conclui-se que em os aspectos motivacionais e emocionais os estudantes destacados apresentam grandes diferenças, o que sugere ter cuidado com as generalizações realizadas sem sustento empírico. Da mesma forma, evidenciou-se a importância da identificação das diferenças individuais como parte das estratégias de orientação e tutoria a estes alunos.

Annotations on Mexico's WISC-IV: a validity study.

This project seeks to provide evidence on the internal structure of the Escala Wechsler de Inteligencia para Niños-IV (EWIN-IV; Wechsler, 2007a ) through a confirmatory factor analysis and intercorrelational study. Also provided is information on the adaptation process and other sources of validity evidence in support of the EWIN-IV norms. The standardization data for the EWIN-IV were used for all analyses. The factor loadings and correlational patterns found on the EWIN-IV are comparable to those seen in the American versions of the test. The proposed factor and scoring structure of the EWIN-IV was supported.

Participación de padres de estudiantes de educación primaria en la educación de sus hijos en México / Parental involvement in primary school children in Mexico

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte cuantitativo que tuvo como propósito caracterizar la participación en la educación de los hijos de padres de estudiantes de primaria y evaluar los efectos en la misma de variables propias de los padres y del estudiante. Participaron en el estudio 90 padres estudiantes de una escuela primaria pública y 77 de una privada. Ex profeso para el estudio se elaboró un instrumento de medición el cual demostró poseer propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias. Se encontró que los padres presentan una elevada participación en la educación de los estudiantes; esta participación aumenta en las madres y padres con mayor nivel educativo y cuando los estudiantes tienen menor edad. Así mismo, se estableció que los padres y madres de los estudiantes con alto desempeño, participan más en la educación de sus hijos versus los de estudiantes de bajo desempeño.

A quantitative study was performed aimed to describe parental involvement in their primary school children’s educational process in Mexico and evaluate the effects on themselves of variables belonging to parents and to students. A measurement instrument was prepared and it turned out to be useful and have satisfactory psychometric keys. Key variables were measured in both parents and children using a paper-based questionnaire answered by 90 public school and 77 private school parents. It was found that parental involvement is high in their children’s educational process; this involvement increases in parents with a higher educational level, and when children are younger as well. It was established that children with higher achievement have parents with higher levels of involvement compared to those with lower achievement.

Annotations on the use of the Mexican norms for the WAIS-III.

This article provides crucial information to judge the appropriateness of the Mexican version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and recognizes some limitations in both the process of its adaptation to the Mexican population and the norm development process. This is an effort to contribute to the debate initiated by Suen and Greenspan (2008), who argued in court against the use of Mexican norms in a death penalty case, which depended upon establishing the diagnosis of mental retardation. As a part of the defense team, these scholars argued a number of points against the use of the Mexican norms. With input from the lead researcher on the Mexican standardization process, some of the criticisms are addressed, and further information about the norm development process for this test in Mexico is provided in an attempt to be critical about the strengths and weaknesses of the use of existing Mexican norms. Finally, we argue that results from a single test must not be used to make life and death decisions and that test development is a continuous process influenced by culture, language, and indeed by norm-developing procedures and debates.

Síndrome de desgaste emocional en investigadores mexicanos / Burnout in mexican’s researchers

El propósito del estudio fue determinar el grado de Síndrome de Desgaste Emocional (burnout) en investigadores del estado de Yucatán, México; así como explorar la percepción sobre las condiciones institucionales que pudieran asociarse al mismo. Se administró un cuestionario, que constaba de una escala likert para evaluar las 3 dimensiones del síndrome y una sección de preguntas abiertas al respecto de la institución y su situación laboral, a 109 investigadores. Los resultados muestran ausencia relativa del síndrome, pero tendencia a presentarlo en el periodo de 10 y 20 años de antigüedad. La información cualitativa muestra como factores de estrés laboral la multiplicidad de roles que tienen que asumir, la falta de grupos de trabajo consolidados, de infraestructura administrativa y operativa y los sistemas de evaluación.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of burnout on researchers of Yucatan, Mexico, also to describe their view prevailing of institutional conditions. A questionnaire was administered to 109 researchers to measured the 3 dimensions of the Burnout. The questionnaire contain a section of open questions for evaluate his perception about the institutional conditions and its labor situation. Results indicated a relative absence of this syndrome, although some risks were identified among workers that have between 10 and 20 years in their institution. Qualitative information collected, suggested that some factors related to stress in these researchers was the multiple roles demanded, the lack of consolidated groups to work with, the lack of administrative infrastructure and the systems of continuous evaluation they must undergo.(AU)