Development of a hybrid cell for energy production.

This study focuses on the development of a new hybrid biological material to be applied in the production of electrical energy. These organo-metallic cells are constituted by cyanobacteria (Fischerella muscicola) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). AgNPs were obtained by green synthesis using the extract of the fruit of theBerberis halliiplant as reducing agent with two different concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3), 1 and 10 mM. The morphology, physicochemical and electrical properties of the cyanobacteria with and without AgNPs were evaluated. To verify the efficacy of this new material, and the effect of the medium used, Nitrofoska or BG-11, the growth kinetics was evaluated by UV-vis up tot= 63 d with and without renewal of the culture medium and O2/CO2exchange. Through morphological characterizations ofFischerella muscicolait was possible to identify the presence of an associated bacterium identified using molecular techniques asPseudomona guguanensithat could act as a supporting organism in the growth of this cyanobacteria. The studies carried out did not shown cell toxicity for the cultures that have AgNPs and on the other hand, it was observed that the hybrid cells (Cy-AgNPs) are electron carriers recording an increase of up to 57% and 18% in their electrical potential with BG-11 and Nitrofoska culture media, respectively and an increase in the anodic current peak of 6.5% of Cy-AgNPs respect to onlyF. musicola.

Validación de una escala de seguridad percibida para pacientes trasladados al hospital tras asistencia extrahospitalaria urgente / Validation of the perceived safety scale for patients transported to hospital after an outpatient emergency

Objetivo. Diseñar y validar una nueva herramienta para medir la seguridad percibida por los pacientes que son trasladados al hospital tras demandar asistencia sanitaria urgente a través de la línea telefónica «061». Metodología. Estudio multicéntrico, observacional descriptivo y de corte transversal de validación de una escala administrada mediante entrevista telefónica. Fueron sujetos de estudio los pacientes trasladados al hospital tras demandar asistencia sanitaria urgente a través de la línea telefónica «061». Participaron los 8 servicios provinciales en Andalucía de la Empresa Pública de Emergencias Sanitarias. La recogida de datos se realizó desde enero hasta junio de 2010. Además de los criterios básicos de validación del cuestionario (frecuencia de endose y capacidad de discriminación entre grupos) se realizó una evaluación de validez (validez de contenido y validez de constructo o concepto) y fiabilidad (estabilidad y homogeneidad). Para evaluar la estabilidad se utilizó la técnica de test-retest, mientras que la homogeneidad se examinó a través de 2 propiedades: consistencia interna de sus ítems (coeficiente de correlación ítem-escala corregido) y consistencia interna de la escala (coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach). Resultados. Se obtuvieron 1.011 cuestionarios tras 7.538 llamadas telefónicas (13,4%). La puntuación total de la escala osciló entre 0 y 80 puntos con un valor medio de 73,95 (DE: 9,607) y una mediana de 79. El análisis factorial exploratorio detectó 2 componentes que explicaban el 62,3% de la varianza total. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) fue de 0,814 (IC95%: 0,725-0,874). El coeficiente de correlación ítem-escala corregido para examinar la consistencia interna de sus ítems fue superior a 0,625. Con respecto a la consistencia interna de la escala el valor del coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0,941. Conclusión. La Escala de Seguridad Percibida (ESP16) es una escala válida y fiable que cuantifica la percepción de seguridad de los pacientes tras ser asistidos y trasladados a un hospital(AU)

Objective. To design and validate a new tool to measure the perceived safety of patients who are transported to hospital after requesting urgent health care using the telephone number “061”. Methods. A multicentre, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study to validate the score obtained using a telephone interview. The patients subject to study were those who were transported to the hospital after requesting urgent health care using the telephone number “061”. The eight provincial services of the Public Emergency Medical Services Company of Andalusia participated. The data were collected from January to June of 2010. In addition to the basic criteria of the validation of the survey (endorsement frequency and discrimination ability between groups), an assessment was made of validity (validity of content and validity of construct or concept) and reliability (stability and homogeneity). The Retest-Test technique was used to assess stability, whereas the homogeneity was examined using two properties: internal consistency of its items (correlation coefficient checked item-scale) and internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach's Alpha coefficient). Results. A total of 1011 questionnaires were obtained after 7538 phone calls (13.4%). The total scale score fluctuated between 0 and 80 points, with a mean of 73.95 (SD: 9.607), and a median of 79. The exploratory factor analysis detected two components that explained 62.3% of the total variance. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.725-0.874). The correlation coefficient checked item- scale to examine the internal consistency of its items was more than 0.625. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.941 for the internal consistency of the scale. Conclusion. The Perceived Safety Survey ESP16 is a valid and reliable scale that quantified patients’ perception of safety after being assisted and transported to the hospital(AU)

[Validation of the perceived safety scale for patients transported to hospital after an outpatient emergency]. / Validación de una escala de seguridad percibida para pacientes trasladados al hospital tras asistencia extrahospitalaria urgente.

OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a new tool to measure the perceived safety of patients who are transported to hospital after requesting urgent health care using the telephone number "061". METHODS: A multicentre, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study to validate the score obtained using a telephone interview. The patients subject to study were those who were transported to the hospital after requesting urgent health care using the telephone number "061". The eight provincial services of the Public Emergency Medical Services Company of Andalusia participated. The data were collected from January to June of 2010. In addition to the basic criteria of the validation of the survey (endorsement frequency and discrimination ability between groups), an assessment was made of validity (validity of content and validity of construct or concept) and reliability (stability and homogeneity). The Retest-Test technique was used to assess stability, whereas the homogeneity was examined using two properties: internal consistency of its items (correlation coefficient checked item-scale) and internal consistency of the scale (Cronbach's Alpha coefficient). RESULTS: A total of 1011 questionnaires were obtained after 7538 phone calls (13.4%). The total scale score fluctuated between 0 and 80 points, with a mean of 73.95 (SD: 9.607), and a median of 79. The exploratory factor analysis detected two components that explained 62.3% of the total variance. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.814 (95% CI: 0.725-0.874). The correlation coefficient checked item- scale to examine the internal consistency of its items was more than 0.625. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was 0.941 for the internal consistency of the scale. CONCLUSION: The Perceived Safety Survey ESP16 is a valid and reliable scale that quantified patients' perception of safety after being assisted and transported to the hospital.