ABSTRACT
La hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita debida al déficit de 21-hidroxilasa es una enfermedad autosómica recesiva causada por mutaciones en el gen CYP21A2. En las formas clásicas se produce defecto de cortisol y aldosterona (insuficiencia suprarrenal y pérdida salina) y virilizacion de la recién nacida afecta con ambigüedad genital. En este artículo ofrecemos algunas recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, que debe ser lo más precoz posible, y el tratamiento, adecuado e individualizado. El estudio genético del paciente y su familia es clave en el diagnóstico del propio afectado, y también permite establecer el consejo genético, así como el diagnóstico y tratamiento prenatales en futuros embarazos (AU)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Cortisol and aldosterone synthesis are impaired in the classic forms (adrenal insufficiency and salt-wasting crisis). Females affected are virilised at birth, and are at risk for genital ambiguity. In this article we give recommendations for an early as possible diagnosis and an appropriate and individualised treatment. A patient and family genetic study is essential for the diagnosis of the patient, and allows genetic counselling, as well as a prenatal diagnosis and treatment for future pregnancy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Mixed Function Oxygenases/deficiency , Disorders of Sex Development/diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Mass Screening/methods , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Mineralocorticoids/therapeutic use , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Virilism/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. Cortisol and aldosterone synthesis are impaired in the classic forms (adrenal insufficiency and salt-wasting crisis). Females affected are virilised at birth, and are at risk for genital ambiguity. In this article we give recommendations for an early as possible diagnosis and an appropriate and individualised treatment. A patient and family genetic study is essential for the diagnosis of the patient, and allows genetic counselling, as well as a prenatal diagnosis and treatment for future pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/diagnosis , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/therapy , Adolescent , Algorithms , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) treatment on body mass index (BMI) evolution in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) is unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effect of GnRHa treatment on BMI-standard deviation score (SDS) from diagnosis of idiopathic CPP until adult height. METHODS: An observational study of girls diagnosed with CPP in Spain was carried out between January 2008 and December 2014. A computer program was designed to process clinical and biological data from patients treated in 55 departments of pediatric endocrinology throughout the country. The inclusion criteria were (1) girls diagnosed with CPP before 8 years of age; (2) born after 1992; (3) with a difference between bone and chronological age of at least 1 year, and (4) with a luteinizing hormone peak >7 U/l during luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone testing. The influence of GnRHa treatment on BMI-SDS evolution was analyzed. RESULTS: Data from 333 girls (22.2% adopted) were evaluated. We report follow-up data at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months and adult height from 269, 232, 198, 153, 105, 56 and 49 girls, respectively. During treatment, there was an increase in BMI-SDS of 0.43 ± 1.17 (95% CI: 0.20-0.64). At adult height (n = 49), BMI-SDS was 1.51 ± 1.38, which was 0.60 ± 1.09 higher than at diagnosis (95% CI: 0.43-0.75). CONCLUSIONS: During treatment with GnRHa, girls experience a significant increase in BMI-SDS that persists after therapy is stopped and adult height has been reached. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
