ABSTRACT
We evaluated healthcare facility use of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for culture-confirmed candidemia cases detected by active public health surveillance during 2019-2020. Most cases (56%) did not receive a candidiasis code, suggesting that studies relying on ICD-10 codes likely underestimate disease burden.
ABSTRACT
To determine risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among US healthcare personnel (HCP), we conducted a case-control analysis. We collected data about activities outside the workplace and COVID-19 patient care activities from HCP with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results (cases) and from HCP with negative test results (controls) in healthcare facilities in 5 US states. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate adjusted matched odds ratios and 95% CIs for exposures. Among 345 cases and 622 controls, factors associated with risk were having close contact with persons with COVID-19 outside the workplace, having close contact with COVID-19 patients in the workplace, and assisting COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living. Protecting HCP from COVID-19 may require interventions that reduce their exposures outside the workplace and improve their ability to more safely assist COVID-19 patients with activities of daily living.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Occupational Exposure , Activities of Daily Living , Delivery of Health Care , Health Personnel , Humans , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Healthcare personnel with severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were interviewed to describe activities and practices in and outside the workplace. Among 2,625 healthcare personnel, workplace-related factors that may increase infection risk were more common among nursing-home personnel than hospital personnel, whereas selected factors outside the workplace were more common among hospital personnel.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care , Health Personnel , Humans , Personnel, Hospital , Skilled Nursing FacilitiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death among Latinos in the United States. The present study examines the prevalence of four CVD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity) in a large sample of Latino farmworkers in Oregon. METHODS: We pooled secondary, cross-sectional data from Latino vineyard and winery farmworkers (n = 3382), in the north Willamette valley, Oregon, between 2004 and 2012. Prevalence was estimated for the four CVD risk factors under study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between CVD risk factors, sex, and other sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Hypercholesterolemia (21.6%) and obesity (22.8%) were the most prevalent CVD risk factors among Latino farmworker participants. In multivariable analyses, men and women, aged 45-64 years, were more likely to have all four CVD risk factors than those aged 18-44. Living in the United States for ten years or more was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17-2.54), and obesity (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.57-2.76) among Latino farmworker men. Among Latino farmworker women, living in the United States for ten years or more increased the odds of obesity (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.07-3.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight the higher prevalence of CVD risk factors among Latino farmworkers and the need to address CVD risk factors in this population.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Farmers/statistics & numerical data , Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/ethnology , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/ethnology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/ethnology , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/ethnology , Hypertension/ethnology , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/ethnology , Oregon/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Most Zika disease cases diagnosed in the continental US have been associated with travel to areas with risk of Zika transmission, mainly the Caribbean and Latin America. Limited information has been published about the demographic and travel characteristics of Zika case-patients in the United States, besides their age and gender. During 2016-2017 the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency, California, expanded the scope and completeness of demographic and travel information collected from Zika case-patients for public health surveillance purposes. The majority (53.8%) of travel-related Zika virus infection case-patients (n = 78) in the county were Hispanic, significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the 33.0% of Hispanics in the county. Foreign-born residents, mainly from Mexico, were also overrepresented among cases compared to their share in the county population (33.3 vs. 23.0%; p ≤ 0.05). Seventeen (21.8%) patients reported a primary language other than English (14 Spanish). Most case-patients traveled for tourism (54%) or to visit friends and relatives (36%). This surveillance information helps identify higher-risk populations and implement culturally targeted interventions for Zika prevention and control.
