ABSTRACT
Crohn's disease is one of the three subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease, with regional, transmural, and granulomatous inflammation. The present study is a case report on an 11-year-old boy who was referred to the hospital due to penis swelling and pain since a year ago, the patient sometimes complained of pain when urinating, he was having a severe painful swelling in the penis shaft; however, his scrotum was completely normal. He was diagnosed with crohn's disease, thus was placed on azathioprine therapy which eradicated his pain after 3 months, and thus, his skin lesion became much smaller. Crohn's disease, especially in children, should be considered in patient with unknown skin complications, and, if clinically suspected, biopsy examination should be performed. The diagnosis of crohn's disease may be delayed in extradigestive cases. This disease occurs when associated with skin manifestations, which is uncommon. We reported a case with penile crohn's disease, of which few cases have been reported in children to date.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants referred to Amiralmomenin Eye Hospital, Rasht, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study included all preterm infants with birth weight ≤2500 g and/or gestational age ≤36 weeks who had been referred to our facility for ROP screening over a five year period from September 2005 to September 2010. Possible risk factors and findings related to eye examinations were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: Among 310 infants, ROP was diagnosed in 64 (20.6%) of referred preterm infants (95% CI: 17.7%-23.5%); these included stage I in 48%, stage 2 in 29%, and stage 3 or higher disease in 23% of subjects. Mean gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) in the ROP-affected infants was 30.18 ± 2.28 weeks and 1,422.8 ± 420.8 g, respectively. Low BW, low GA, oxygen therapy, phototherapy, blood transfusion and apnea were risk factors for ROP. After logistic regression analysis, only low GA and low BW were independently associated with the condition. CONCLUSION: ROP is a relatively common finding in preterm infants of Guilan Province in the North of Iran. Low BW and low GA were significant risk factors for the disease.
ABSTRACT
Exchange transfusion is the standard method for treatment of severe hyperbilirubinemia. Our goal was to determine the indications for exchange transfusion (ECT) and the rates of ECT-related adverse events. A retrospective descriptive investigation was performed in newborns that underwent ECT at 17 Shahrivar Pediatric Hospital, Rasht, Guilan province during the period April 2008 to April 2011. Of the 69 patients, 2 (2.9%) required more than one ECT. The mean total serum bilirubin before ECT was 21.55 ± 5.12 mg/dl. The most common cause of ECT was ABO incompatibility (26.1%). ECT complications occurred in 9 neonates (13.0%), the most common being sepsis (7.4%). No case of ECT related mortality was observed. All the adverse events resolved completely before discharge. ABO isoimmunization was the most common cause of ECT in this study. The majority of adverse events associated with ECT are asymptomatic and reversible.
