ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can reason a variety of health problems and can be fatal. According to the most recent estimates of the Global Burden of Disease study and WHO, viral hepatitis is accountable for around 1.34 million deaths yearly, which is comparable to the yearly number of deaths from HIV/AIDS (1.3 million), malaria (0.9 million), and tuberculosis (1.3 million). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of the Hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors among adults patients at Dessie Referral and Kemise General Hospitals. Methods: The source for the data on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was all adults aged≥18 years that were admitted and tested for HBV from September 2020 to February 2021 were included in the study. A total of 1283 adults were admitted out of which, 1080 adults have completed measurements and had been taken into consideration for this examination, and others had been excluded from the examination because of exclusion criteria. To meet our objective descriptive statistics, the χ 2 test and multiple logistic regression statistical models were used for data analysis. Results: In this study, a total of 1080 adults were included out of which 631 (58.4%) female and 449 (41.6%) were male with a mean age of 34(SD ± ± 12.56) years. The overall prevalence of HBV among adults was 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI];24.8-30.2). The results of this study showed that age 25-34(odds ratio [OR] = 3.6, p-value = 0.005), 35-44 (OR = 6.67, p-value <0.001), ≥45 (OR = 3.85, p-value = 0.005), male (OR = 4.36, p-value < 0.001), history of hospitalization (OR = 0.644, p-value = 0.04), family history of HBV (OR = 1.96, p-value = 0.005), and jaundice (OR = 2.50, p-value = 0.005) were significant risk factors of HBV. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV in this study is 27.4%. The results of this study showed that age, male, history of hospitalization, family history of HBV, and jaundice were significant risk factors for Hepatitis B virus.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cataracts is the major global causes of blindness and a vision-affecting disease of the eye. Cataract surgery is a curative and cost-effective intervention. The number of people who undergo cataract surgery has increased rapidly. Hence, this study was aimed to determine predictors and the time of recovery of cataract patients after cataract surgery by using Simi parametric models of survival analysis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January/01/2015 and January/30/2019. STATA version14.0 statistical software was used for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival method and log-rank test curves were applied. Weibull regression was used and adjusted hazard ratio 95% CI with a value of p less than 0.05 was used to identify a significant association. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty three cataract patients were recovered from cataract, 72.6% (95% CI 69.8%-75.9%). The overall median survival time was 23 weeks (IQR = 16 to 35) with (95% CI, 21%-25%). aged between 16 and 30year (AHR = 1.20 CI; 1.07-2.36), age 31 to 45 (AHR = 1.24 CI; 1.08-1.54), urban dwellers (AHR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.18-2.14), medium visual acuity (AHR = 4.14 CI; 2.57-6.67), high visual acuity (AHR = 5.23 CI; 3.06-8.93), Secondary cataract (AHR = 2.59 CI; 1.01-3.02), traumatic cataract (AHR = 1.75 CI; 1.01-3.02), extra capsular cataract extraction surgery (AHR = 1.43 CI; 1.07-1.94),and diabetes mellitus (AHR = 0.75, CI; 0.41-0.96) were notably associated with time to recovery. CONCLUSION: Time to recovery in the study area was slightly higher as compared with the global cut of time. Cataract patients with comorbidity of DM had lower recovery time.
