Standardization of Dental Vulnerability Scale scores (EVO-BR).

BACKGROUND: Dental Vulnerability Scale (EVO-BR) is an instrument developed to help identifying oral health-vulnerable individuals. This scale comprises 15 items distributed into 4 dimensions. It is the first instrument with the potential to guide clinical and managerial decisions in the oral health field. The aim is to validate a score to enable using EVO-BR in Primary Health Care (PHC). METHOD: The investigated sample included PHC users in five Brazilian regions. Data were collected at two different stages: in 2019 (São Paulo) and in 2022 (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Pernambuco e Paraná). Exploratory descriptive study of this scale scores was carried out to create classification ranges. Subsequently, discriminant analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of the established classification. Boosting regression was carried out to check items' weight for the instrument score. RESULTS: EVO-BR score ranged from 0 (highest vulnerability) to 15 (lowest vulnerability). Four (4) classification configurations were tested. Score equal to 12 points was the one presenting the best classification of the assessed individuals (100% were correctly classified). Boosting regression has evidenced that items 1 and 2 (Overall health domain) and 14 and 15 (Health Services domain) had the strongest influence on this instrument's score. CONCLUSION: The process to standardize the EVO-BR score and, consequently, to develop assessment ranges, is an important step in the fight against health inequalities, since it provides a tool to help planning actions and interventions aimed at meeting specific needs of the population in the Primary Health Care context.

Characterization of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and topics of interest for their work.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and investigate which topics are of greatest interest in development spaces for these actors. METHOD: Cross-sectional study. Eligible tutors of Health Care Planning. Data collection using an electronic questionnaire composed of closed questions on sociodemographic characteristics, training and performance. Chi-square test used to compare proportions according to tutor typologies. RESULTS: A total of 614 tutors worked in Brazil's five geographic regions, the majority in primary care (82%), followed by state/regional work (13%) and specialized outpatient care (5%). The majority reported being female, of brown skin color, from the nursing field, having worked as a tutor for less than a year, and with no previous experience in preceptorship or similar. The most important topics were Health Care Networks, risk stratification for chronic conditions and the functions of specialized outpatient care. CONCLUSION: The predominance of certain characteristics among tutors was identified, with differences between the types of work. The findings can support managers in the process of selecting and developing tutors in Health Care Planning.

Challenges to implementing planning processes in Brazilian health regions.

OBJECTIVE: To recognize elements that facilitated or hindered the PlanificaSUS implementation stages. METHODS: A multiple case study was carried out in four pre-selected health regions in Brazil-Belo Jardim (PE), Fronteira Oeste (RS), Sul-Mato-Grossense (MT) and Valença (BA) using systemic arterial hypertension and maternal and child care as tracer conditions. Participant observation (in regional interagency commissions) and in-depth interviews with key informants from state and municipal management and primary health care and specialized outpatient care service professionals within the project were carried out in these four regions. Analysis was built according to political, technical-operational, and contextual dimensions. RESULTS: The political dimension evinced that the regions found the project an opportunity to articulate states and municipalities and an important political bet to build networks and lines of care but that there remained much to be faced in the disputes related to building the Unified Health System (SUS). In the technical operational dimension, it is important to consider that primary health care stimulated a culture of local planning and favored traditional tools to organize and improve it, such as organizing registrations, agendas, and demands. However, centralized training and planning-inducing processes fail to always respond to local needs and can produce barriers to implementation. CONCLUSIONS: It is worth considering the central and regional role of state managers in the commitment related to the project and the effect of mobilizing primary health care and expanding its power. There remains much to be faced in the disputes at stake in bullring SUS.

The knowledge of primary health care professionals regarding mental health: diagnosis by mhGAP.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge about priority topics in mental health care of strategic actors who work in regions where the Health Care Planning (PAS) methodology is used. METHODS: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out with professionals from six health regions, distributed in three Brazilian states (Goiás, Rondônia and Maranhão) and linked to the project "Saúde mental na APS" (Mental health in PHC) of the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS - Institutional Development Support Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System). The sample was made up of professionals who participated in the intervention guide multiplier training stage for mental, neurological and alcohol and other drug use disorders in the primary health care network, from July to September 2022. Data collection was through a self-administered instrument, in electronic format, consisting of a block with socioeconomic items and a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge about priority topics in mental health. Descriptive analyses and comparison of proportions were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 354 health professionals participated in the study. Regarding the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire on priority topics in mental health, the highest medians were identified in the "Depression" module. On the other hand, the content referring to the modules "Essential care and practices" and "Other important complaints" presented the lowest values. Furthermore, some participant characteristics were found to be associated with the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire modules. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal opportunities for improvement, mainly in knowledge related to communication skills and the approach to emotional and physical distress without diagnostic criteria for a specific disease, offering support for planning actions aimed at intensifying the consideration of these themes during the operational stages of PAS.

Family Vulnerability Scale: validity evidence in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate evidence of validity of the Family Vulnerability Scale (EVFAM-BR) as an instrument to support population-based management in primary health care (PHC), in the scope of Health Care Planning (PAS). METHODS: This is a psychometric study to assess any additional evidence of the internal structure of EVFAM-BR using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and network analysis (NA). A preliminary version of the scale with 38 items was submitted to patients of PHC facilities that use the PAS methodology, distributed across the five regions of Brazil. For the primary CFA data, factor loadings and predictive power (R2) of the item were used. Seven model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators, using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS: The preliminary version of the scale was applied to 1,255 patients. Using the AFC, factor loadings ranged from 0.66 to 0.90 and R2 from 0.44 to 0.81. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices presented satisfactory and consistent levels. According to the NA, the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, thus demonstrating sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of validity presented by EVFAM-BR indicates, for the first time in Brazil, a concise instrument that is able to assertively measure family vulnerability, potentially supporting population-based management.

Implementation of a digital tool for population management in Primary Health Care.

OBJECTIVE: Describe the implementation of a digital diagnostic and territorial monitoring tool in primary healthcare. METHODS: Quantitative and qualitative study, developed in 14 basic healthcare units in São Paulo, with community health workers, coordinators, nurses, and physicians. Data collection occurred in four phases: analysis of the instruments used by the team for territory management; development of the digital tool; training and implementation; and evaluation after 90 days using focus groups. Descriptive analyses were conducted by calculating absolute and relative frequencies to treat quantitative data. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-four professionals participated in the study. In the first step, territory management's main challenges were filling out various instruments, system failures, data inconsistency, internet infrastructure/network, and lack of time. Therefore, a digital tool was developed consisting of 1) a spreadsheet recording the number of family members and markers of health conditions, date of visit, and number of return visits; 2) a spreadsheet with a summary of families visited, not visited, and refusals; and 3) a panel with a summary of the data generated instantly. In the evaluation, after the initial use of the tool, the themes that emerged were integration of the tool into daily work, evaluation of the digital tool implementation process, and improvement and opportunities for improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Faced with the challenges faced by family healthcare teams when filling out systems and managing the territory, the tool developed provided greater reliability and agility in data visualization, reduced the volume of instruments, and optimized the work process.

Specialized outpatient care for maternal and child health in PlanificaSUS areas.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the organization of specialized outpatient clinics, according to the Secondary Outpatient Care Unit (SOCU) model according to the health care planning (HCP) methodology. METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from the PlanificaSUS project. It was carried out in 16 outpatient clinics specialized in maternal and child care, distributed in the five Brazilian geographic regions. A structured questionnaire was used for self-assessment on the implementation of 12 parameters in two moments, in 2019 and in 2020. These parameters are related to the care, educational, and supervisory functions set out in the SOCU model. RESULTS: In 2019, only 37.5% (six) of the outpatient clinics completed at least one parameter related to the care function, most frequently the multiprofessional team with interdisciplinary action (completed in 18.8% of the outpatient clinics). No parameters from the educational and supervisory functions were completed at this initial stage. In 2020, on the other hand, parameters related to the care function also showed higher frequency, higlighting the use of the same criterion by primary care teams and outpatient clinics for risk stratification (completed in 68.8% of the outpatient clinics). In the educational and supervisory functions, parameters related to the encounter between primary care teams and outpatient clinics for case management development, integrated training promotion, and close communication bond among these professionals also increased. Completion of these three parameters was identified in 25%, 25%, and 37.5% of the outpatient clinics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The planning methodology fostered reflection and discussion about the (re)organization of the work process and contributed to changes in maternal and child health care practices within specialized outpatient care, integrated with primary health care (PHC), from the perspective of care networks. We believe that such advances enhance access and equitable care for high-risk pregnant women and children in different geographical regions of Brazil.

Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs: Additional Evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate validity evidence of the Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs (CuidaSM). METHODS: This is a psychometric study, which seeks additional evidence of internal structure. Data collection was carried out in 11 Primary Health Care (PHC) services , which implement the Health Care Planning (HCP) methodology, distributed across the five Brazilian regions. The preliminary version of CuidaSM, containing a block self-referred by the user and another block evaluated by PHC professionals, was applied to users aged 18 or over who attended the PHC services for consultation with a higher education professional. The techniques of confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis were used to investigate validity evidence. For the primary data of the confirmatory factor analysis, the factorial loads and the item's predictive power (R2) were used. Six model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS: A total of 879 users participated in the study. By confirmatory factor analysis, factorial loads ranged from 0.43 to 0.99 and R2 from 0.19 to 0.98. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices were established at satisfactory and consistent levels. The network analysis showed that the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, which again indicates the sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirm a consistent and reliable model of the instrument, through a combination of techniques. Considering the importance of using solid instruments in clinical practice, CuidaSM is a promising tool for population-based management and network care organization, aligned with HCP proposals.

Characterization of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and topics of interest for their work / Caracterización de los tutores de enseñanza-aprendizaje en los servicios de salud pública y temas de interés para su actuación / Caracterização dos tutores de ensino-aprendizagem em serviços públicos de saúde e temas de interesse para atuação

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the profile of teaching-learning tutors in public health services and investigate which topics are of greatest interest in development spaces for these actors. Method: Cross-sectional study. Eligible tutors of Health Care Planning. Data collection using an electronic questionnaire composed of closed questions on sociodemographic characteristics, training and performance. Chi-square test used to compare proportions according to tutor typologies. Results: A total of 614 tutors worked in Brazil's five geographic regions, the majority in primary care (82%), followed by state/regional work (13%) and specialized outpatient care (5%). The majority reported being female, of brown skin color, from the nursing field, having worked as a tutor for less than a year, and with no previous experience in preceptorship or similar. The most important topics were Health Care Networks, risk stratification for chronic conditions and the functions of specialized outpatient care. Conclusion: The predominance of certain characteristics among tutors was identified, with differences between the types of work. The findings can support managers in the process of selecting and developing tutors in Health Care Planning.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el perfil de los tutores de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los servicios de salud pública e investigar los temas de mayor interés en espacios de desarrollo de estos actores. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal con Tutores Elegibles de Planificación de la atención en salud; con datos recopilados mediante cuestionario electrónico de preguntas cerradas sobre características sociodemográficas, formación y actuación. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para comparar las proporciones según las tipologías del tutor. Resultados: Se consideraron 614 tutores que trabajaban en las cinco regiones geográficas del Brasil, la mayoría en Atención Primaria (82%), seguido de actuación estatal/regional (13%) y Atención Ambulatoria Especializada (5%). La mayoría declaró ser mujer, de piel morena, del ámbito de la enfermería, con menos de un año de actuación como tutora y sin experiencia previa como preceptora o similar. Los temas más importantes fueron las Redes de la Atención en Salud, la estratificación del riesgo de las enfermedades crónicas y el papel de la Atención Ambulatoria Especializada. Conclusión: Se identificó el predominio de ciertas características entre los tutores, distintas según los tipos de actuación. Las conclusiones pueden servir de apoyo a los gestores en el proceso de selección y desarrollo de los tutores en Planificación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil de tutores de ensino-aprendizagem em serviços públicos de saúde e investigar quais são os temas de maior interesse em espaços de desenvolvimento desses atores. Método: Estudo transversal. Elegíveis tutores da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde. Coleta de dados por questionário eletrônico composto por questões fechadas sobre características sociodemográficas, formação e atuação. Teste Qui-quadrado utilizado para comparar proporções segundo tipologias de tutor. Resultados: Considerados 614 tutores, que atuavam nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras, sendo a maioria na Atenção Primária (82%), seguido por atuação estadual/regional (13%) e na Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada (5%). A maioria referiu ser mulher, de cor da pele parda, da área de enfermagem, atuação como tutor há menos de 1 ano, e sem experiência prévia em preceptoria ou similar. Temas considerados mais importantes destacam-se Redes de Atenção à Saúde, estratificação de risco de condições crônicas e funções da Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada. Conclusão: Identificou-se a predominância de algumas características entre tutores, com diferenças entre as tipologias de atuação. Os achados podem apoiar gestores no processo de seleção e desenvolvimento de tutores na Planificação.

Challenges and strategies for conducting research in primary health care practice: an integrative review.

BACKGROUND: Providing accessible and high-quality patient-centered healthcare remains a challenge in many countries, despite global efforts to strengthen primary health care (PHC). Research and knowledge management are integral to enhancing PHC, facilitating the implementation of successful strategies, and promoting the use of evidence-based practices. Practice-based research in primary care (PC-PBR) has emerged as a valuable approach, with its external validity to diverse PHC settings, making it an effective means of translating research findings into professional practice. OBJECTIVE: To identify challenges and strategies for conducting practice-based research in primary health care services. METHOD: An integrative literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. The research question, guided by the PICo framework, directed the execution of study selection and data extraction. Data analysis followed the RAdAR method's three phases: pre-analysis, data analysis, and interpretation of results. RESULTS: Out of 440 initially identified articles, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in high-income countries, primarily the United States. The challenges and strategies for PC-PBR were categorized into six themes: research planning, infrastructure, engagement of healthcare professionals, knowledge translation, the relationship between universities and health services, and international collaboration. Notable challenges included research planning complexities, lack of infrastructure, difficulties in engaging healthcare professionals, and barriers to knowledge translation. Strategies underscore the importance of adapting research agendas to local contexts, providing research training, fostering stakeholder engagement, and establishing practice-based research networks. CONCLUSION: The challenges encountered in PC-PBR are consistent across various contexts, highlighting the need for systematic, long-term actions involving health managers, decision-makers, academics, diverse healthcare professionals, and patients. This approach is essential to transform primary care, especially in low- and middle-income countries, into an innovative, comprehensive, patient-centered, and accessible healthcare system. By addressing these challenges and implementing the strategies, PC-PBR can play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between research and practice, ultimately improving patient care and population health.

Family vulnerability scale: Evidence of content and internal structure validity.

INTRODUCTION: Territory view based on families' vulnerability strata allows identifying different health needs that can guide healthcare at primary care scope. Despite the availability of tools designed to measure family vulnerability, there is still a need for substantial validity evidence, which limits the use of these tools in a country showing multiple socioeconomic and cultural realities, such as Brazil. The primary objective of this study is to develop and gather evidence on the validity of the Family Vulnerability Scale for Brazil, commonly referred to as EVFAM-BR (in Portuguese). METHODS: Items were generated through exploratory qualitative study carried out by 123 health care professionals. The data collected supported the creation of 92 initial items, which were then evaluated by a panel of multi-regional and multi-disciplinary experts (n = 73) to calculate the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). This evaluation process resulted in a refined version of the scale, consisting of 38 items. Next, the scale was applied to 1,255 individuals to test the internal-structure validity by using the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Dimensionality was evaluated using Robust Parallel Analysis, and the model underwent cross-validation to determine the final version of EVFAM-BR. RESULTS: This final version consists of 14 items that are categorized into four dimensions, accounting for an explained variance of 79.02%. All indicators were within adequate and satisfactory limits, without any cross-loading or Heywood Case issues. Reliability indices also reached adequate levels (α = 0.71; ω = 0.70; glb = 0.83 and ORION ranging from 0.80 to 0.93, between domains). The instrument scores underwent a normalization process, revealing three distinct vulnerability strata: low (0 to 4), moderate (5 to 6), and high (7 to 14). CONCLUSION: The scale exhibited satisfactory validity evidence, demonstrating consistency, reliability, and robustness. It resulted in a concise instrument that effectively measures and distinguishes levels of family vulnerability within the primary care setting in Brazil.

Parental body mass index and maternal gestational weight gain associations with offspring body composition in young women from the Nutritionists' Health Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Materials and methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of pre-conception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring's body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring's total lean mass (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (β = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (β = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring's BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring's ASMI (β = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (β = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.

Parental body mass index and maternal gestational weight gain associations with offspring body composition in young women from the Nutritionists' Health Study.

Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of preconception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring's body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring's total lean mass (ß = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (ß = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (ß = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring's BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring's ASMI (ß = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (ß = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (ß = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.

Obesity and diet contents of protein and fat are associated with underreport of energy at pregnancy / Obesidade e conteúdo de proteína e gordura na dieta estão associados ao sub-relato do consumo energético na gravidez

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association of pre-pregnancy and current body mass index and the density of dietary macronutrients on underreporting of energy intake at pregnancy. Methods: cross-sectional analysis of 327 postpartum women from the city of Mesquita, in Rio de Janeiro. A food frequency questionnaire was administered at maternity ward having the last six months of the pregnancy as the time frame. Energy balance was considered as the outcome, and it was calculated as the division of energy intake by basal metabolic rate (underreport <1.35). Multivariate logistic regression was applied to test the associations between body mass index (pre-gestational and postpartum) on energy balance (underreport or not). Dietary density of protein (4th quartile), carbohydrate (1st quartile) and fat intake (1st quartile) were tested. Results: mean energy intake was 2,894 kcal and near of 25% of the women were considered as underreported during pregnancy. Obese women had higher chance (OR=1.90; CI95%=1.09-3.33) of being underreported at pregnancy. Underreported women presented greater chance of report dietary intake with higher contents of protein (OR=2.37; CI95%=1.37-4.09) and lower density of fat (OR= .81; CI95%=1.04-3.15). Conclusion: underreported pregnant women had higher chance of report great and lower amounts of protein and fat dietary densities.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional e pós-parto e a densidade de macronutrientes da dieta com o sub-relato de energia da dieta na gestação. Métodos: análise transversal com 327 puérperas da cidade de Mesquita, no Rio de Janeiro. Aplicou-se o questionário de frequência alimentar na primeira semana após o parto tendo como base o consumo dos dois últimos trimestres gestacionais. O balanço energético foi calculado a partir da divisão da ingestão de energia pela taxa metabólica basal (sub-relato<1,35). Adotou-se a regressão logística multivariada para analisar as associações entre os índices de massa corporal e a densidade dos macronutrientes da dieta (proteína, carboidratos e lipídios) com o balanço energético (sub-relato ou não). Resultados: a ingestão média de energia foi de 2.894 kcal e 25% das mulheres foram classificadas com sub-relato. Mulheres obesas no pós-parto tiveram maiores chances (OR=1,90; IC95%=1,09-3,33) de sub-relato de energia na gravidez e gestantes com balanço energético <1,35 apresentaram dieta com maior densidade de proteína (OR=2,37; IC95%=1,37-4,09) e menor densidade de gordura (OR=1,81; IC95%=1,04-3,15). Conclusão: a obesidade no pós-parto foi associada ao sub-relato de energia na gravidez e o balanço energético associou-se a densidade dos macronutrientes da dieta

Family Vulnerability Scale: validity evidence in primary health care / Escala de Vulnerabilidade Familiar: evidências de validade na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Investigate evidence of validity of the Family Vulnerability Scale (EVFAM-BR) as an instrument to support population-based management in primary health care (PHC), in the scope of Health Care Planning (PAS). METHODS This is a psychometric study to assess any additional evidence of the internal structure of EVFAM-BR using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and network analysis (NA). A preliminary version of the scale with 38 items was submitted to patients of PHC facilities that use the PAS methodology, distributed across the five regions of Brazil. For the primary CFA data, factor loadings and predictive power (R2) of the item were used. Seven model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators, using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS The preliminary version of the scale was applied to 1,255 patients. Using the AFC, factor loadings ranged from 0.66 to 0.90 and R2 from 0.44 to 0.81. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices presented satisfactory and consistent levels. According to the NA, the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, thus demonstrating sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of validity presented by EVFAM-BR indicates, for the first time in Brazil, a concise instrument that is able to assertively measure family vulnerability, potentially supporting population-based management.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar evidências de validade da Escala de Vulnerabilidade Familiar (EVFAM-BR) como instrumento de apoio à gestão de base populacional na atenção primária à saúde (APS), no escopo da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS). MÉTODOS Estudo de natureza psicométrica de evidências adicionais da estrutura interna da EVFAM-BR, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e análise de redes (network analysis, NA). Versão preliminar da escala com 38 itens foi submetida a usuários de unidades de APS, que executam a metodologia da PAS, distribuídas nas cinco regiões brasileiras. Para os dados primários da AFC, utilizou-se as cargas fatoriais e o poder preditivo do item (R2). Foram adotados sete índices de ajustamento do modelo e a confiabilidade foi aferida por três indicadores, por meio de estimação bayesiana. RESULTADOS A versão preliminar da escala foi aplicada a 1.255 usuários. Pela AFC, as cargas fatoriais variaram de 0,66 a 0,90 e R2 de 0,44 a 0,81. Tanto os indicadores primários como os índices de adequação do modelo estabeleceram-se em níveis satisfatórios e consistentes. A NA apontou que os itens se associaram de forma adequada com seus pares, respeitando as dimensões estabelecidas, o que indica, novamente, a sustentabilidade e estabilidade do modelo proposto. CONCLUSÕES As evidências de validade apresentadas pela EVFAM-BR enunciam, de forma inédita no Brasil, um instrumento conciso, capaz de mensurar assertivamente a vulnerabilidade familiar, potencialmente apoiando a gestão de base populacional.

Implementation of a digital tool for population management in Primary Health Care / Implementação de ferramenta digital para gestão populacional na atenção primária à saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Describe the implementation of a digital diagnostic and territorial monitoring tool in primary healthcare. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative study, developed in 14 basic healthcare units in São Paulo, with community health workers, coordinators, nurses, and physicians. Data collection occurred in four phases: analysis of the instruments used by the team for territory management; development of the digital tool; training and implementation; and evaluation after 90 days using focus groups. Descriptive analyses were conducted by calculating absolute and relative frequencies to treat quantitative data. Qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-four professionals participated in the study. In the first step, territory management's main challenges were filling out various instruments, system failures, data inconsistency, internet infrastructure/network, and lack of time. Therefore, a digital tool was developed consisting of 1) a spreadsheet recording the number of family members and markers of health conditions, date of visit, and number of return visits; 2) a spreadsheet with a summary of families visited, not visited, and refusals; and 3) a panel with a summary of the data generated instantly. In the evaluation, after the initial use of the tool, the themes that emerged were integration of the tool into daily work, evaluation of the digital tool implementation process, and improvement and opportunities for improvement. CONCLUSIONS Faced with the challenges faced by family healthcare teams when filling out systems and managing the territory, the tool developed provided greater reliability and agility in data visualization, reduced the volume of instruments, and optimized the work process.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a implementação de uma ferramenta digital de diagnóstico e monitoramento territorial na atenção primária à saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo quanti-qualitativo, desenvolvido em 14 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de São Paulo, com agentes comunitários de saúde, coordenadores, enfermeiros e médicos. A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro fases: análise dos instrumentos utilizados pela equipe para gestão do território; desenvolvimento da ferramenta digital; treinamento e implantação; avaliação após 90 dias por meio de grupos focais. Foram realizadas análises descritivas por meio do cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas para tratamento dos dados quantitativos. Os dados qualitativos foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS 334 profissionais participaram do estudo. Na primeira etapa foram identificados como principais desafios para gestão do território o preenchimento de diversos instrumentos, falhas no sistema, inconsistência dos dados, infraestrutura/rede de internet e falta de tempo. Assim, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta digital composta por: i) planilha com registro do número de membros familiares e marcadores de condições de saúde, data da visita e quantidade de revisitas; ii) planilha com resumo de famílias visitadas, não visitadas e recusas; e iii) um painel com resumo dos dados gerados instantaneamente. Na avaliação, após uso inicial da ferramenta, as temáticas que emergiram foram: integração da ferramenta no cotidiano de trabalho; avaliação do processo de implementação da ferramenta digital; aperfeiçoamento e oportunidades de melhoria. CONCLUSÃO Frente aos desafios encontrados por parte das equipes de saúde da família para preenchimento dos sistemas e gestão do território, a ferramenta desenvolvida proporcionou maior fidedignidade e agilidade na visualização dos dados, redução no volume de instrumentos e otimização do processo de trabalho.

The knowledge of primary health care professionals regarding mental health: diagnosis by mhGAP / Conhecimento de profissionais da atenção primária em saúde mental: diagnóstico pelo mhGAP

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze knowledge about priority topics in mental health care of strategic actors who work in regions where the Health Care Planning (PAS) methodology is used. METHODS This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out with professionals from six health regions, distributed in three Brazilian states (Goiás, Rondônia and Maranhão) and linked to the project "Saúde mental na APS" (Mental health in PHC) of the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS - Institutional Development Support Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System). The sample was made up of professionals who participated in the intervention guide multiplier training stage for mental, neurological and alcohol and other drug use disorders in the primary health care network, from July to September 2022. Data collection was through a self-administered instrument, in electronic format, consisting of a block with socioeconomic items and a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge about priority topics in mental health. Descriptive analyses and comparison of proportions were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 354 health professionals participated in the study. Regarding the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire on priority topics in mental health, the highest medians were identified in the "Depression" module. On the other hand, the content referring to the modules "Essential care and practices" and "Other important complaints" presented the lowest values. Furthermore, some participant characteristics were found to be associated with the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire modules. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal opportunities for improvement, mainly in knowledge related to communication skills and the approach to emotional and physical distress without diagnostic criteria for a specific disease, offering support for planning actions aimed at intensifying the consideration of these themes during the operational stages of PAS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o conhecimento sobre temas prioritários do cuidado em saúde mental de atores estratégicos que atuam em regiões nas quais se utiliza a metodologia da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS). MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e observacional realizado com profissionais de seis regiões de saúde, distribuídas em três estados brasileiros (Goiás, Rondônia e Maranhão) e vinculadas ao projeto "Saúde mental na APS" do Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS). A amostra foi composta por profissionais que participaram da etapa de formação de multiplicadores do manual de intervenções para transtornos mentais, neurológicos e por uso de álcool e outras drogas na rede de atenção básica à saúde, no período de julho a setembro de 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um instrumento autoaplicável, em formato eletrônico, composto por um bloco com itens socioeconômicos e um questionário estruturado para avaliação do conhecimento dos participantes acerca de temas prioritários em saúde mental. Para análise dos dados, foram empreendidas análises descritivas e comparação de proporções. RESULTADOS Participaram do estudo 354 profissionais de saúde. Em relação ao percentual de acerto no questionário sobre temas prioritários em saúde mental, as medianas mais altas foram identificadas no módulo de "Depressão". Em contrapartida, o conteúdo referente aos módulos "Cuidados e práticas essenciais" e "Outras queixas importantes" apresentaram os valores mais baixos. Além disso, identificou-se que algumas características dos participantes apresentaram associações com o percentual de acertos nos módulos do questionário. CONCLUSÕES Os achados revelam oportunidades de melhoria, principalmente no conhecimento relacionado às habilidades de comunicação e a abordagem ao sofrimento emocional e físico sem critérios diagnósticos para uma doença específica, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento de ações que visem a intensificação do olhar destas temáticas durante as etapas operacionais da PAS.

Specialized outpatient care for maternal and child health in PlanificaSUS areas / Atenção ambulatorial especializada à saúde materno-infantil em regiões do PlanificaSUS

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the organization of specialized outpatient clinics, according to the Secondary Outpatient Care Unit (SOCU) model according to the health care planning (HCP) methodology. METHODS This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from the PlanificaSUS project. It was carried out in 16 outpatient clinics specialized in maternal and child care, distributed in the five Brazilian geographic regions. A structured questionnaire was used for self-assessment on the implementation of 12 parameters in two moments, in 2019 and in 2020. These parameters are related to the care, educational, and supervisory functions set out in the SOCU model. RESULTS In 2019, only 37.5% (six) of the outpatient clinics completed at least one parameter related to the care function, most frequently the multiprofessional team with interdisciplinary action (completed in 18.8% of the outpatient clinics). No parameters from the educational and supervisory functions were completed at this initial stage. In 2020, on the other hand, parameters related to the care function also showed higher frequency, higlighting the use of the same criterion by primary care teams and outpatient clinics for risk stratification (completed in 68.8% of the outpatient clinics). In the educational and supervisory functions, parameters related to the encounter between primary care teams and outpatient clinics for case management development, integrated training promotion, and close communication bond among these professionals also increased. Completion of these three parameters was identified in 25%, 25%, and 37.5% of the outpatient clinics, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The planning methodology fostered reflection and discussion about the (re)organization of the work process and contributed to changes in maternal and child health care practices within specialized outpatient care, integrated with primary health care (PHC), from the perspective of care networks. We believe that such advances enhance access and equitable care for high-risk pregnant women and children in different geographical regions of Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a organização de ambulatórios especializados, conforme o modelo Ponto de Atenção Secundária Ambulatorial (Pasa), por meio da metodologia da planificação de atenção à saúde (PAS). MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal, que utilizou dados secundários do projeto PlanificaSUS. Foi realizado em 16 ambulatórios especializados na linha de cuidado materno infantil, distribuídos nas cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras. Um questionário estruturado foi utilizado para autoavaliação sobre a implantação de 12 parâmetros em dois momentos, em 2019 e em 2020. Esses parâmetros são relacionados às funções assistencial, educacional e de supervisão previstas no modelo Pasa. RESULTADOS Em 2019, apenas 37,5% (seis) dos ambulatórios apresentaram, pelo menos, um parâmetro concluído, sendo com maior frequência o de equipe multiprofissional com atuação interdisciplinar (concluído em 18,8% dos ambulatórios), relacionado à função assistencial. Nenhum parâmetro das funções educacional e de supervisão estava concluído nesse primeiro momento. Já em 2020, os parâmetros relacionados à função assistencial também apresentaram maior frequência, destacando-se a utilização do mesmo critério pelas equipes da atenção primária e dos ambulatórios para estratificação de risco (concluídos em 68,8% dos ambulatórios). Nas funções educacional e supervisional, os parâmetros de encontro entre as equipes da atenção primária e dos ambulatórios para o desenvolvimento da gestão de caso, promoção de capacitação integrada e vínculo estreito de comunicação entre esses profissionais também aumentaram, identificando-se conclusão destes três parâmetros em 25%, 25% e 37,5% dos ambulatórios, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES A metodologia da planificação proporcionou reflexão e discussão acerca da (re)reorganização do processo de trabalho e contribuiu para a mudanças de práticas de cuidado à saúde materno-infantil na atenção ambulatorial especializada, de forma integrada com a atenção primária à saúde (APS), na perspectiva das redes de atenção. Acredita-se que tais avanços potencializam o acesso e cuidado equitativo de gestantes e crianças de alto risco nas diferentes regiões geográficas brasileiras.

Challenges to implementing planning processes in Brazilian health regions / Desafios para a implementação de processos de planificação em regiões de saúde

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To recognize elements that facilitated or hindered the PlanificaSUS implementation stages. METHODS A multiple case study was carried out in four pre-selected health regions in Brazil—Belo Jardim (PE), Fronteira Oeste (RS), Sul-Mato-Grossense (MT) and Valença (BA) using systemic arterial hypertension and maternal and child care as tracer conditions. Participant observation (in regional interagency commissions) and in-depth interviews with key informants from state and municipal management and primary health care and specialized outpatient care service professionals within the project were carried out in these four regions. Analysis was built according to political, technical-operational, and contextual dimensions. RESULTS The political dimension evinced that the regions found the project an opportunity to articulate states and municipalities and an important political bet to build networks and lines of care but that there remained much to be faced in the disputes related to building the Unified Health System (SUS). In the technical operational dimension, it is important to consider that primary health care stimulated a culture of local planning and favored traditional tools to organize and improve it, such as organizing registrations, agendas, and demands. However, centralized training and planning-inducing processes fail to always respond to local needs and can produce barriers to implementation. CONCLUSIONS It is worth considering the central and regional role of state managers in the commitment related to the project and the effect of mobilizing primary health care and expanding its power. There remains much to be faced in the disputes at stake in bullring SUS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Reconhecer elementos que facilitaram ou dificultaram as etapas do processo de implementação do PlanificaSUS. MÉTODOS Foi realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em quatro regiões de saúde pré-selecionadas - Belo Jardim (PE), Fronteira Oeste (RS), Sul-Mato-Grossense (MT), Valença (BA) -, utilizando como condições traçadoras a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e a atenção materno infantil. Foi realizada observação participante na Comissão Intergestora Regional (CIR), bem como entrevistas em profundidade nas quatro regiões estudadas, com informantes-chave da gestão estadual e municipal e com profissionais dos serviços da atenção primária à saúde e atenção ambulatorial especializada envolvidos no projeto. Construiu-se análise em três dimensões: política, técnico operacional e contexto. RESULTADOS Na dimensão política, ficou evidenciado que, de alguma forma, as regiões identificaram no projeto uma oportunidade de articulação entre estados e municípios e uma aposta política importante para a construção de redes e linhas de cuidado, mas ainda com muitos caminhos a percorrer para enfrentar as barreiras identificadas nas disputas em jogo na construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Na dimensão técnico operacional, é importante considerar que foi estimulada uma cultura de planejamento local na APS, além do favorecimento do uso de ferramentas tradicionais, no sentido de organizá-la e qualificá-la, como a organização dos cadastros, da agenda e da demanda. No entanto, os processos centralizados formativos e indutores da planificação nem sempre respondem às necessidades singulares dos territórios e podem produzir barreiras à implementação. CONCLUSÕES Cabe considerar o papel do gestor estadual na aposta relacionada ao projeto, tanto no nível central quanto no nível regional, e o efeito de processos de mobilização da atenção primária à saúde e amplificação de sua potência, mas ainda com muitos caminhos a percorrer para enfrentar as barreiras identificadas nas disputas em jogo na construção do SUS.