ABSTRACT
In this article, we present a straightforward in-situ approach for producing Ag NPs incorporated in graphene oxide (GO) blended with glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Samples are γ-irradiated by doses of 2, 5, and 10 kGy and in comparison with the pristine films, the thermal conductivity ('k') and effusivity are measured. 'k' decreases with irradiation doses up to 5 kGy and further increase in the dosage results increase in 'k'. We performed FDTD modeling to verify the effect of polarization and periodicity on the absorptivity and emissivity spectra that are correlated to the 'k' and effusivity, empirically. Hence, we can confess that the structural properties of the prepared hybrid nanocomposite are manipulated by γ-irradiation. This attests that the PVA/GO-Ag/GA nanocomposite is radiation-sensitive and could be employed for thermal management systems. Moreover, their strong electrical insulation, as the measured dc conductivity of the γ-irradiated samples is found to be in the range of 2.66 × 10-8-4.319 × 10-7 Sm-1, which is below the percolation threshold of 1.0 × 10-6 Sm-1, demonstrates that they are excellent candidates for the use of thermal management materials. The low 'k' values allow us to use this promising material as thermal insulating substrates in microsensors and microsystems. They are also great choices for usage as wire and cable insulation in nuclear reactors due to their superior electrical insulation.
ABSTRACT
Response function of a widely used 3in×3in NaI(Tl) detector is constructed to correct the observed pulse height distribution. A 10×10 inverse matrix is constructed using 7 mono-energetic gamma sources ((57)Co, (203)Hg, (133)Ba, (22)Na, (137)Cs, (54)Mn and (65)Zn) which are evenly spaced in energy scale to unscramble the observed pulse height distribution. Bin widths (E)(1/2) of 0.01 (MeV)(1/2) are used to construct the matrix. Backscattered photons for an angle of 110° are obtained from a well-collimated 0.2146GBq (5.8mCi) (137)Cs gamma source for carbon, aluminium, iron, copper, granite and Portland cement. For each observed spectrum, single scattered spectrum is constructed analytically using detector parameters like FWHM, photo-peak efficiency and peak counts. Response corrected multiple scattered photons are extracted from the observed pulse height distribution by dividing the spectrum into a 10 ×1 matrix. Saturation thicknesses of carbon, aluminium, iron, copper, granite and Portland cement are found out. Variation of multiple scattered photons as a function of target thickness are simulated using MCNP code. A relationship between experimental and simulated saturation thicknesses of carbon, aluminium, iron and copper is obtained as a function of atomic number. Using this relation, effective atomic numbers of granite and Portland cement are obtained from interpolation method. Effective atomic numbers of granite and Portland cement are also obtained by theoretical equation using their elemental composition and comparing with the experimental and simulated results.
