Consensus on methodology of experimental studies in rhinosinusitis - a narrative review.

Rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases today. Among diseases requiring treatment with antibiotics, it is the fifth most common. Acute rhinosinusitis is a significant medical problem that can significantly lower quality of life and can cause a large economic impact on society. Herein, we collected and analyzed data from several published studies regarding sinusitis with the aim of creating a sinusitis model. We included data from 786 studies published between 1996 and 2016 that came up on Google, Pro Quest Central or PubMed using the following keywords (or combinations thereof): "sinusitis", "rhinosinusitis", "experimental", "animal", "model", "rat", "rabbit", "guinea pig" and "mice". An appropriate sinusitis model must be established using the correct animal. Thus far, sinusitis models have been published in rats, mice, and rabbits, with rabbits being the most frequently used animal. These animals are used because the anatomy and physiology of their sinuses are very similar to those of humans. While these animals can be used in surgical models, it must be noted that prolonged stress can cause them high mortality rates. Several studies have used strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to induce rhinosinusitis; however, it has recently been shown that other pathogenic agents can be used for this purpose as well. In this review, we presented several experimental sinusitis models in rats, mice, and rabbits. We hope that by presenting these methods, researchers may be better able to design and perform more useful sinusitis studies.

Segmental superficial parotidectomy in the surgical treatment of benign parotid tumours.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of segmental superficial parotidectomy in the surgical treatment of benign parotid tumours. METHODS: Patients who underwent parotidectomy for benign primary parotid tumours limited to the superficial lobe were retrospectively reviewed. Tumour location, size, surgical procedure, follow-up period, complications and recurrence rates were noted. RESULTS: The study included a total of 39 patients: 22 underwent segmental superficial parotidectomy (group 1) and 17 underwent superficial parotidectomy (group 2). The mean follow-up period was 41.79 months (range, 13-85 months). There were no recurrences in either group during the follow-up period. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of tumour size, complications or recurrence rates. CONCLUSION: Segmental superficial parotidectomy is a safe and effective option in the surgical treatment of benign parotid tumours.

Seasonal variation of secondary post tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seasonal variation of secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tonsillectomy cases performed using the cold dissection method between 1998 and 2008 at 5 distinct health centers affiliated with the Baskent University were retrospectively reviewed.The seasonal distribution of hemorrhage cases was assessed and the rates of hemorrhage were compared with average air temperature in each region. RESULTS: A total of 4118 patients who underwent tonsillectomy the cold dissection method were included in this study. Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage occurred in 71 (1.7%) patients. Intraoperative bleeding control was provided with bipolar cautery in 65 (91.5%) cases and bipolar cautery and suture in 6 (8.5%) cases. The season and air temperature had a significant influence on secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage with a significant increase in secondary post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage cases during the winter months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found an overall of secondary hemorrhage of 1.7%. Secondary post tonsillectomy hemorrhage showed seasonal variations. In patient at high risk of bleeding, avoiding from tonsillectomy during winter months my reduce the probability of secondary hemorrhage.

Radiotherapy for Kimura's disease: case report and review of the literature.

Kimura's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of uncertain etiology which involves subcutaneous tissue, presents as a tumor-like lesion and predominantly occurs in the head and neck region. Radiotherapy has been used for treating unresectable or recurrent lesions. We report a 32-year-old male who presented with a mass on the right side of the neck. The mass measured 52 x 40 mm. Peripheral eosinophilia and 5-fold increase in serum IgE level were found. Pathological evaluation following subtotal excision of the mass confirmed Kimura's disease and the patient was given prednisolone p.o. Local recurrence was observed one month later for which the patient received local radiotherapy. No recurrence has been observed up to 30 months in the post-radiotherapy period. Effective radiotherapy given in a favorable schedule and dosage could be a highly effective alternative when other treatment modalities are unsuccessful.