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1.
Arch Microbiol ; 202(5): 1173-1179, 2020 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32076735

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli strains are part of the normal biota of humans and animals; however, several clinical reports have implicated E. coli as the etiological agent of diarrhea in humans and companion animals. Thus, the aim of the present study was to know if companion dogs in the city of San Luis Potosi are colonized with virulent potentially harmful E. coli strains. Rectal swabs from 30 dogs, 13 with and 17 without diarrhea were analyzed. Phylogenetic and virulence genes analysis was performed to the E. coli isolates. Additionally, the Kirby-Bauer test was used to analyze the sensitivity to 32 different antimicrobials from 14 families. Eighty-five isolates were identified as E. coli and detected in 97% of healthy and diarrheic dog samples. E. coli isolates from healthy dogs carried several virulence genes, in contrast with those from diarrheic animals that presented only eaeA. In healthy dogs, phylogenetic analysis showed that 57% and 43% of E. coli isolates belonged to commensal (A and B1) and virulent (B2 and D) groups respectively. Meanwhile, diarrheic dogs showed that 69% of the isolates were identified as virulent B2 and D phylogroups. Moreover, E. coli resistant to ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, quinolones, and folate inhibitors were detected in both groups of dogs. The presence of E. coli with eaeA virulence gene in diarrheic dogs, suggest that these strains are associated with the animal´s condition. Finally, major attention must be drawn to the careful handling of dogs because of their capability to harbor and disseminate virulent E. coli strains.


Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli Infections/transmission , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Pets/microbiology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Diarrhea/microbiology , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Dogs , Escherichia coli/classification , Humans , Phylogeny , Virulence/genetics , Virulence Factors/genetics
2.
BMC Microbiol ; 16(1): 158, 2016 07 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27439312

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Pet is a toxin from the family of Serine Protease Autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae which was initially identified in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. This protease exhibits enterotoxin properties, damages the cell cytoskeleton and induces intestinal epithelium alterations, which are associated with a severe inflammatory process. An in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Pet on the migration of human peripheral blood monocytes-derived macrophages and its participation in the activation of the early inflammatory response and cytokine expression. RESULTS: In the macrophage migration activation assay, Pet produced a similar effect to that induced by opsonized zymosan (ZAS). Regarding the cytokine expression, an increase of IL-8, TNF-α (pro-inflammatory) and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory) was identified. In addition to the above results, the nuclear translocation of NF-kB pp65 was also identified. These events are probably related to the inflammatory response identified in the histological examination of intestine rat samples inoculated with Pet during a ligated loop assay. CONCLUSION: The results showed that Pet participates as an immunostimulant molecule for macrophages, which activates both their mobility and cytokine expression. These observations suggest that the toxin participates in the inflammatory process that is observed during the host infection by EAEC Pet producing.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Toxins/chemistry , Bacterial Toxins/toxicity , Enterotoxins/chemistry , Enterotoxins/toxicity , Escherichia coli Proteins/chemistry , Escherichia coli Proteins/toxicity , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Macrophage Activation/drug effects , Serine Endopeptidases/chemistry , Serine Endopeptidases/toxicity , Animals , Bacterial Toxins/metabolism , Cell Line , Chemotaxis/drug effects , Cytokines/biosynthesis , Cytokines/immunology , Cytoskeleton/metabolism , Enterotoxins/metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Immunity, Innate , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Macrophages/metabolism , Phagocytosis , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism , Zymosan
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