ABSTRACT
An abortion outbreak occurred in a goat herd of Murciano-Granadina breed in Almeria Region in Spain where 80 pregnant females aborted. All bacteriological and parasitological examinations resulted negative, whereas virological investigations and real-time PCR assay showed the presence of Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 DNA in the pathological specimens from aborted foetuses. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the DNA was highly close related to the Swiss strain E-CH (99.7%) and a little less extent to the Italian BA.1 strain (99.4%). Histopathological examination revealed multifocal, well-circumscribed, 50- to 200-µm-diameter foci of coagulative necrosis in the liver, lungs and kidneys of three foetuses. In the periphery of the necrosis, there were frequently epithelial cells with the chromatin emarginated by large, round, amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies. The source of the infection in the herd could not clearly find out even some hypothesis were formulated. This seems to be the first report of an abortion outbreak due to Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1 in a goat herd in Spain.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Veterinary/virology , Goat Diseases/virology , Herpesviridae Infections/veterinary , Varicellovirus/isolation & purification , Aborted Fetus/pathology , Aborted Fetus/virology , Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology , Animals , DNA, Viral , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Female , Goat Diseases/pathology , Goats , Herpesviridae Infections/pathology , Herpesviridae Infections/virology , Pregnancy , Spain/epidemiology , Varicellovirus/geneticsABSTRACT
Outbreaks of abortions and lambs born with nervous clinical signs and/or congenital malformations affected different sheep farms in Spain. Initial diagnosis of 'border disease-like' was established, based on clinical signs, serology and/or RNA detection by a pan-pestivirus RT-PCR. However, further investigation using immunohistochemical and molecular techniques identified BVDV-2b as the aetiological agent.
Subject(s)
Abortion, Veterinary/virology , Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Pestivirus Infections/veterinary , Sheep Diseases/virology , Animals , Cattle , Female , Pestivirus Infections/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Sheep , Sheep Diseases/epidemiology , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A concise access to alpha,beta-dihydroxy alpha-amino acid-derived N-carboxy anhydrides (NCAs) with either like or unlike relative configuration is described. The key steps of the synthetic route are the preparation of the nonracemic 4-alkenyl beta-lactams, through either Horner-type olefination of a common 4-formyl beta-lactam or the Corey-Winter alkene synthesis applied to 4-dihydroxyalkyl beta-lactams, followed by the Sharpless AD reaction, and a subsequent ring expansion of the corresponding 4-substituted 3-hydroxy beta-lactams promoted by TEMPO. The opening of thus-prepared NCAs upon treatment with different O- and N-nucleophiles, including alpha-amino esters which lead to peptides, has also been studied under various reaction conditions.
