ABSTRACT
La etiología multifactorial de las lesiones, así como la alta incidencia y prevalencia en lanzadores de béisbol requiere que éstas sean abordadas también desde la Psicología. En la presente investigación se estudian 48 lanzadores de béisbol en Villa Clara, Cuba, para determinar la relación entre variables psicológicas asociadas al rendimiento del deportista y las lesiones sufridas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Aspectos Deportivos y Lesiones, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado en Competición y el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los resultados muestran una alta prevalencia de lesiones, las que ocurren con mayor frecuencia en la competición. La mayoría de las variables psicológicas establecen relación con la experiencia y el número de lesiones sufridas, estimándose además el efecto negativo que éstas producen sobre la ansiedad, la autoconfianza, el control del afrontamiento negativo, el control de la atención y el control visual e imaginativo
The multifactorial etiology of injuries, as well as the high incidence and prevalence in baseball pitchers, requires that they also should be deal with from Psychology. This research studies 48 baseball pitchers in Villa Clara, Cuba, to determine the relationship between psychological variables associated with the athlete's performance and the injuries they've suffered. The Sports Aspects and Injuries Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State Anxiety Inventory in Competition and the Psychological Inventory of Sports Execution were applied. The results show a high prevalence of injuries, which occur most frequently in competition. Most of the psychological variables are related to the experience and the number of injuries suffered, also estimating the negative effect that they produce on anxiety, self-confidence, control of negative coping, control of attention and visual and imaginative control
A etiologia multifatorial das lesões, bem como a alta incidência e prevalência em lançadores de beisebol, requere que estas sejam abordadas também a partir da Psicologia. Na presente investigação, 48 lançadores de beisebol são estudados em Villa Clara, Cuba, para determinar a relação entre variáveis psicológicas associadas ao desempenho do atleta e as lesões sofridas. Foram aplicados o Questionário de Aspectos Esportivos e Lesões, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, o Inventário de Ansiedade do Estado em Competição e o Inventário Psicológico de Execução Esportiva. Os resultados mostram uma alta prevalência de lesões, que ocorrem mais frequentemente na competição. A maioria das variáveis psicológicas está relacionada à experiência e ao número de lesões sofridas, estimando também o efeito negativo que produzem na ansiedade, autoconfiança, controle do enfrentamento negativo, controle da atenção e controle visual e imaginativo
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Baseball/psychology , Athletic Injuries/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Athletic Performance/psychology , Athletic Injuries/etiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Anxiety , Manifest Anxiety Scale/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Self Report/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A method is presented that allows quantitative risk analysis to be performed on marine hydrocarbon terminals sited in ports. A significant gap was identified in the technical literature on QRA for the handling of hazardous materials in harbours published prior to this work. The analysis is extended to tanker navigation through port waters and loading and unloading facilities. The steps of the method are discussed, beginning with data collecting. As to accident scenario identification, an approach is proposed that takes into account minor and massive spills due to loading arm failures and tank rupture. Frequency estimation is thoroughly reviewed and a shortcut approach is proposed for frequency calculation. This allows for the two-fold possibility of a tanker colliding/grounding at/near the berth or while navigating to/from the berth. A number of probability data defining the possibility of a cargo spill after an external impact on a tanker are discussed. As to consequence and vulnerability estimates, a scheme is proposed for the use of ratios between the numbers of fatal victims, injured and evacuated people. Finally, an example application is given, based on a pilot study conducted in the Port of Barcelona, where the method was tested.
