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1.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 89(5): 402-408, oct. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1356916

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Distintas alteraciones del electrocardiograma (ECG) han sido asociadas a disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda (DSVI), si bien la asociación con el infradesnivel del segmento ST (IST) del plano frontal del ECG estándar no se encuentra establecida. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar si el IST de la derivación DI (IST-1) permite predecir la presencia de DSVI. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron de forma prospectiva pacientes portadores factores de riesgo o cardiopatías crónicas estables, con ECG basal y ecocardiograma que aportara evaluación de la fracción de eyección (FEVI), motilidad ventricular izquierda y evaluación dicotómica sobre la presencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI). Evaluamos la morfología del segmento ST en derivaciones DI y V6, definiéndose como anormal (IST-1; IST-6) al ST infradesnivelado (≥1mm a 80mseg del punto J) o descendente. Resultados: Se analizaron en forma prospectiva 691 pacientes, edad media 69,8 ± 12 años, 61,6% hombres. Se identificó IST-1 e IST-6 en 250 (36,2%) y 199 (28,8%) casos, respectivamente. La presencia de IST-1 e IST-6 se asoció a una FEVI significativamente menor comparado con la ausencia de dicho hallazgo: 44,8 ± 13,9% vs. 55,6 ± 8,9%, (p <0,0001) y 45,8 ± 14,1% vs. 54,1 ± 10,4% (p <0,0001) respectivamente. Ambos se asociaron a la presencia de DSVI, definida como FEVI <50%, aunque el IST-1 mostró mejor rendimiento diagnóstico que el IST-6 [área bajo la curva 0,72 (IC 95% 0,69-0,76) vs. 0,64 (IC 95% 0,610,68), p = 0,0001]. Conclusiones: Este estudio mostró que la depresión del segmento ST de la derivación DI permite predecir la presencia de DSVI mejor que IST-6. La potencial relevancia de dichos hallazgos debería situarse en el contexto actual de la emergente utilización de dispositivos wearables que analizan la información electrocardiográfica mediante una única derivación.


ABSTRACT Background: Different electrocardiographic abnormalities have been associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), although the association with standard electrocardiographic frontal plane ST-segment depression (STD) has not been established. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether lead I STD (STD-I) allows predicting the presence of LVSD. Methods: Patients with risk factors or stable chronic heart disease, and baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiogram that provided evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular wall motility, and dichotomous evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), were prospectively included in the study. ST-segment morphology in leads I and V6 was evaluated, defining horizontal (≥1mm at 80 ms from the J point) or downsloping STD as abnormal STD-I and STD-6. Results: A total of 691 patients; with mean age of 69.8 ± 12 years and 61.6% men, were prospectively analyzed. STD-I and STD-6 were identified in 250 (36.2%) and 199 (28.8%) cases, respectively. Presence of STD-I and STD-6 was associated with a significantly lower LVEF compared with the absence of this finding: 44.8 ± 13.9% vs. 55.6 ± 8.9% (p <0.0001) and 45.8 ± 14.1% vs. 54.1±10.4% (p <0.0001), respectively. Both were associated with the presence of LVSD, defined as LVEF <50%, although STD-I showed better diagnostic performance than STD-6 [area under the ROC curve 0.72 (95% CI 0.69-0.76) vs. 0.64 (95% CI 0.61-0.68), p = 0.0001]. Conclusions: This study showed that STD-I predicts the presence of LVSD better than STD-6. The potential relevance of these findings should be placed in the current context of the emerging use of wearable devices that analyze electrocardiographic information through a single lead.

3.
Cardiovasc Diabetol ; 18(1): 42, 2019 03 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30922303

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular (CV) events or their minor syndromes, as various forms of ischemia, are medical emergencies that do not allow enough time for a guiding anamnesis or proper clinical examination, and lead to relying on Treatment Guidelines, but in many situations it is appropriate to deviate from them. Pathological studies have associated 75% of coronary artery events with atherosclerotic plaque rupture; it is now known that rupture alone is not enough for obstruction or occlusion of the vessel lumen. Concomitant conditions are required for the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease, including prothrombogenic and dysfunctional endothelium, less fibrinolytic capacity to protect it, increased platelet activation, increased adrenergic tone, microcirculation vasoconstriction, and other countless factors that contribute to thrombus formation, causing ischemia or infarction. But in most cases, repair of plaque rupture and re endothelization of the lesion are asymptomatic and silent. Atherosclerotic process is a chronic and progressive immune inflammation. Most of the therapeutic indications include statins, which cause side effects in 10% of patients, with a range varying between 7 and 21%, according to different authors. Many investigators have proved that statin use contribute to the genesis of diabetes, reports vary between 1 and 46%, where marked elevation of blood glucose fasting levels and glycosylated hemoglobin have been observed, be it by increased tissue resistance to insulin or by reduced ß-cell insulin secretion. Physicians should base their indications on the recommendations provided by Guidelines, but they should not forget that every patient is different, and they should not get confused due to lack of time in an emergency nor be influenced by the latest publications or techniques until they have been properly tested.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Guideline Adherence/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Biological Variation, Individual , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Clinical Decision-Making , Comorbidity , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Evidence-Based Medicine/standards , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Health Status , Humans , Patient Selection , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 60(8): 427-432, oct. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-117344

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Evaluar si el tratamiento con levotiroxina mejora la capacidad funcional en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica clase funcional i-iii de la New York Heart Association e hipotiroidismo subclínico. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron 163 pacientes ambulatorios con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica estable y con un mínimo de seguimiento de 6 meses. Se realizó un examen clínico y se solicitaron pruebas de laboratorio que incluyeron hormonas tiroideas, ecocardiograma con doppler, ventriculografía radioisotópica y un estudio Holter. La capacidad funcional se evaluó por medio de una caminata de 6min. Se detectaron los pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico que recibieron tratamiento sustitutivo y, una vez con valores normales de tirotropina (TSH), se les realizó una nueva caminata de 6min. Se registraron los metros recorridos en cada prueba y se analizó la diferencia de los metros caminados en cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Observamos una prevalencia de hipotiroidismo subclínico del 13% en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Mientras se encontraban hipotiroideos, los metros recorridos fueron de 292 ± 63, y una vez alcanzados valores normales de TSH, de 350 ± 76. La diferencia en metros fue de 58 ± 11 (p < 0,011). Los pacientes con valores normales de TSH no mostraron diferencias significativas entre las 2 pruebas. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica e hipotiroidismo subclínico, una vez eutiroideos, mejoraron de forma significativa su rendimiento físico


AIM: To assess whether levothyroxine treatment improves functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class i-iii) and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three outpatients with stable chronic heart failure followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. A physical examination was performed, and laboratory tests including thyroid hormone levels, Doppler echocardiogram, radionuclide ventriculography, and Holter monitoring were requested. Functional capacity was assessed by of the 6-min walk test. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were detected and, after undergoing the s6-min walk test, were given replacement therapy. When they reached normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the 6-min walk test was performed again. The distance walked in both tests was recorded, and the difference in meters covered by each patient was analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with heart failure was 13%. These patients walked 292 ± 63 m while they were hypothyroid and 350 ± 76m when TSH levels returned to normal, a difference of 58 ± 11 m (P < .011). Patients with normal baseline TSH levels showed no significant difference between the 2 6-min walk tests. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism significantly improved their physical performance when normal TSH levels were reached


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypothyroidism/complications , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/complications , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Heart Function Tests , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena , Exercise Test
7.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 60(8): 427-32, 2013 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23660007

ABSTRACT

AIM: To assess whether levothyroxine treatment improves functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association class i-iii) and subclinical hypothyroidism. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three outpatients with stable chronic heart failure followed up for at least 6 months were enrolled. A physical examination was performed, and laboratory tests including thyroid hormone levels, Doppler echocardiogram, radionuclide ventriculography, and Holter monitoring were requested. Functional capacity was assessed by of the 6-min walk test. Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were detected and, after undergoing the s6-min walk test, were given replacement therapy. When they reached normal thyrotropin (TSH) levels, the 6-min walk test was performed again. The distance walked in both tests was recorded, and the difference in meters covered by each patient was analyzed. RESULTS: Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with heart failure was 13%. These patients walked 292±63m while they were hypothyroid and 350±76m when TSH levels returned to normal, a difference of 58±11m (P<.011). Patients with normal baseline TSH levels showed no significant difference between the 2 6-min walk tests. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic heart failure and subclinical hypothyroidism significantly improved their physical performance when normal TSH levels were reached.


Subject(s)
Heart Failure/complications , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Aged , Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity , Exercise Test , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Failure/diagnostic imaging , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Heart Function Tests , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/complications , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Ultrasonography , Walking
8.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 80(6): 478-479, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-663670
9.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 80(6): 478-479, dic. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-128982
10.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 79(4): 371-376, ago. 2011. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634288

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial incide sobre las paredes de las arterias alterando su funcionalidad. La aplicación del conocimiento de los principios de la mecánica arterial posibilita diagnósticos más adecuados con mejores indicaciones terapéuticas para los pacientes. Los grandes ensayos clínicos y de indicaciones terapéuticas generaron la llamada medicina basada en la evidencia. Han significado un enorme avance en el conocimiento de la historia natural de las enfermedades y permitieron establecer las mejores opciones terapéuticas, pero el paciente que se presenta ante el médico asistencial tiene condiciones personales, geográficas, sociales, culturales y emocionales que en la mayoría de los casos difieren de las de los seleccionados en los ensayos y requieren variantes dentro de los tratamientos resultantes de dichos estudios. Las guías de indicaciones terapéuticas fueron diseñadas de acuerdo con los resultados de los estudios de medicina basada en la evidencia y son de gran utilidad para reducir los errores de quienes no son expertos en el tema. Pero el médico especializado debe considerar al paciente en particular que tiene frente a sí y utilizar los conocimientos que le brindaron no sólo la medicina basada en la evidencia, sino añadir el que surge de su experiencia personal y de otras formas de evaluación para que, fundamentada su resolución, pueda salirse de las prácticas aconsejadas en las guías en bien de su paciente. Brevemente, implicaría virar de la medicina basada sólo en evidencia a la medicina personalizada basada en evidencia.


Hypertension alters arterial wall function. The application of knowledge of the principles of arterial mechanics allows making more adequate diagnoses with better indications about how to treat patients. The development of large clinical and treatment trials produced the so-called evidence based medicine. These studies have represented a significant advance in the knowledge of the natural history of diseases and allowed establishing the best therapeutic options. However, the patient seeking medical advice has personal, geographical, cultural and emotional conditions that, in most cases, differ from those of the patients selected in the trials, and require a variant of the therapeutic approaches used in those trials. Treatment guidelines were designed on the basis of the results of evidence based medicine and are useful to reduce mistakes made by those who are not experts in the topic. The specialist should consider the particular patient he/she is facing using the knowledge provided not only by evidence based medicine but also by his/her personal experience and other ways of evaluation. In this way, the specialist can justify why he/she does not follow the recommendations suggested by the guidelines for his/her patient's benefit. Briefly, this would mean moving from only evidence-based medicine to personalized evidence-based medicine.

11.
Buenos Aires; Ediciones Médicas del Sur; 2011. 352 p.
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1218274

Subject(s)
Medicine , Thrombosis
12.
Buenos Aires; Ediciones Médicas del Sur; 2011. 352 p. (127134).
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-127134

Subject(s)
Medicine , Thrombosis
13.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 78(4): 308-314, jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634186

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes Los agentes inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5, como el sildenafil, son vasodilatadores moderados ampliamente utilizados para el tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil. En la actualidad, la evidencia disponible establece su potencial aplicación en otras patologías, como la hipertensión pulmonar, la disfunción endotelial y la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica. Objetivo El presente estudio fue diseñado para comprobar si la administración de sildenafil en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica en clase funcional II-III mejora la capacidad de ejercicio en comparación con placebo. Material y métodos Se seleccionaron en forma aleatoria 70 pacientes portadores de insuficiencia cardíaca crónica de cualquier etiología, excepto valvulares, todos con tratamiento óptimo. Para su inclusión en el estudio, los pacientes debían tener un diámetro diastólico ventricular izquierdo > 55 mm, una fracción de eyección < 35% y una presión arterial sistólica > 90 mm Hg. Se excluyeron los que se encontraban anémicos, aquellos con indicación de cirugía por cualquier causa o los que por diversos motivos no pudieran realizar una caminata de seis minutos. Luego de una caminata de seis minutos fueron aleatorizados para recibir 50 mg de sildenafil o placebo, conformándose dos grupos, placebo y sildenafil, ambos con 35 participantes. Luego de 1 hora de la ingestión de las drogas se realizó una nueva caminata de seis minutos. Antes y después de cada caminata se controlaron las siguientes variables: presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y frecuencia cardíaca; se registraron también los metros caminados en cada prueba. Resultados Características generales, grupo placebo versus grupo sildenafil: hombres: 74% vs 88%, etiología isquémico-necrótica: 71% vs 77%, clase funcional II: 37% vs 34%, clase funcional III: 63% vs 66%, edad: 68 ± 10 vs 68 ± 12 años, fracción de eyección: 26,5% ± 7,8% vs 26,5% ± 6,5%, diámetro diastólico ventricular izquierdo: 65 ± 6 vs 66 ± 9 mm (todas p = ns). Las variables del grupo placebo versus sildenafil antes de la primera caminata fueron: presión arterial sistólica: 115 ± 15 vs 115 ± 21 mm Hg y diastólica: 71 ± 10,5 vs 68 ± 13 mm Hg (ambas p = ns) y frecuencia cardíaca: 74 ± 13 vs 64 ± 6 (p < 0,001). Luego de la primera caminata y antes de la administración de las drogas: presión arterial sistólica: 126 ± 20 vs 133 ± 26 mm Hg, diastólica: 68 ± 11 vs 72 ± 15 mm Hg y frecuencia cardíaca 84 ± 2 vs 80 ± 9 (todas p = ns). Antes de la segunda caminata y luego de la administración de las drogas, grupo placebo versus sildenafil: presión arterial sistólica: 112 ± 14 vs 95 ± 18 mm Hg, diastólica: 69 ± 8 vs 57 ± 12 mm Hg (ambas p < 0,001) y frecuencia cardíaca: 73 ± 11 vs 75 ± 10 (p = ns). Finalmente, luego de la segunda caminata, presión arterial sistólica: 123 ± 17 vs 115 ± 26 mm Hg (p < 0,05), diastólica: 65 ± 7 vs 60 ± 12 mm Hg (p < 0,02) y frecuencia cardíaca: 84 ± 13 vs 86 ± 12 (p = ns). Cuatro pacientes (11%) en el grupo sildenafil presentaron cefalea y ninguno en el grupo placebo. No se registraron eventos mayores. El grupo sildenafil caminó 222 ± 69 metros antes y 313 ± 76 luego de la administración de la droga; la diferencia en metros fue de 91 ± 19. El grupo placebo caminó 233 ± 67 metros antes y 242 ± 67 luego de la administración de la droga; la diferencia en metros fue de 9 ± 5. Al comparar estos resultados, la diferencia en metros recorridos resultó significativa a favor del grupo sildenafil: 91 ± 19 vs 9 ± 5 (p < 0,0001). Conclusiones En pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en clase funcional II-III bajo tratamiento óptimo, el sildenafil mejoró la capacidad de ejercicio en comparación con placebo.


Background Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, as sildenafil, are moderate vasodilators widely used for erectile dysfunction. The evidence currently available establishes that they are potentially useful to treat other conditions like pulmonary hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and chronic heart failure. Objective To evaluate whether sildenafil is useful to improve exercise capacity compared to placebo in patients with chronic heart failure in functional class II-III. Material and Methods A total of 70 patients with chronic heart failure of any etiology, excluding valvular heart disease, were randomly selected. All patients were receiving optimal medical treatment. Patients were included if they had a left ventricular-diastolic diameter of 55 mm, an ejection fraction <35% systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg. Patients with anemia, an indication of surgery due to any cause, and those unable to undergo a 6-minute walk test were excluded from the study. After the 6-minute walk test, the patients were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg of sildenafil (sildenafil group) or placebo (placebo group); each group had 35 patients. A second 6-minute walk test was performed 1 hour after the drug was administered. The following variables were evaluated before and after each test: systolic blood pressure, heart rate and the distance walked in meters in each test. Results General characteristic, placebo group versus sildenafil group: men: 74% vs. 88%, ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: 71% vs. 77%, functional class II: 37% vs. 34%, functional class III: 63% vs. 66%, age: 68±10 vs. 68±12 years, ejection fraction: 26.5%±7.8% vs. 26.5%±6.5%, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter: 65±6 vs. 66±9 mm (all p = ns). Before the fírst 6-minute walk test, the following variables were measured in the placebo versus the sildenafil group: systolic blood pressure: 115±15 vs. 115±21 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure: 71±10.5 vs. 68±13 mm Hg (both p = ns); heart rate: 74±13 vs. 64±6 (p <0.001). After the first test and before drug administration: systolic blood pressure: 126±20 vs. 133±26 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure: 68±11 vs. 72±15 mm Hg; heart rate 84±2 vs. 80±9 (all p = ns). Before the second test and after drug administration, placebo versus sildenafil: systolic blood pressure: 112±14 vs. 95±18 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure: 69±8 vs. 57±12 mm Hg (both p <0.001); heart rate: 73±llvs. 75±10 (p = ns). Finally after the second walk test: systolic blood pressure: 123±17 vs. 115±26 mm Hg (p <0.05), diastolic blood pressure: 65±7 vs. 60±12 mm Hg (p <0.02) and heart rate: 84±13 vs. 86±12 (p = ns). The incidence of headache was 11% (4 patients) in the sildenafil group and 0% in the placebo group. No major events were reported. The sildenafil group walked 222±69 and 313±76 meters before and after drug administration, respectively; the difference was 91±19 meters. The placebo group walked 233±67 and 242±67 meters before and after drug administration, respectively; the difference was 9±5 meters. The difference in the distance walked was greater in the sildenafil group: 91±19 vs. 9±5 (p <0.0001). Conclusions In patients with heart failure in functional class II-III under optimal medical therapy, sildenafil improved exercise capacity compared to placebo.

14.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 78(3): 215-221, mayo-jun. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634169

ABSTRACT

Introducción La presión del pulso depende en gran medida de la rigidez arterial. Varios estudios se han centrado en el hecho de que diversos factores, entre ellos el síndrome metabólico o sus componentes, intermedian cambios que afectan en forma adversa las propiedades elásticas de las grandes arterias, acentuando su rigidez. Objetivo El propósito de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la influencia del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes sobre la presión del pulso en personas sin enfermedad aparente. Material y métodos Se seleccionaron al azar 1.155 individuos sin enfermedad demostrable. Se registraron las variables que definen el síndrome metabólico (ATP III): en mg/dl y en ayunas, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 (hombres/mujeres), triglicéridos ≥ 150, glucemia ≥ 100, perímetro de la cintura (cm) ≥ 102/88 (hombres/mujeres) y presión arterial sistólica/diastólica ≥ 130/85 mm Hg. Se compararon los valores de la presión del pulso obtenidos al agrupar a los participantes por sexo y edad. Se estableció la frecuencia de los factores que definen el síndrome metabólico y mediante regresión lineal se ajustó la presión del pulso por sexo, edad y por el conjunto de ellos. A continuación se determinó el valor ajustado de la presión del pulso correspondiente a cada factor del síndrome metabólico y se comparó con el de sujetos normales. Finalmente, se calculó la presión del pulso ajustada de acuerdo con las posibles combinaciones de tres o más factores (criterio diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico) y se comparó con la de individuos en los que no se hallaba presente ningún componente del síndrome. Resultados Características generales de los 1.155 individuos: hombres 62%, edad 38 ± 9 años (rango 20-66), perímetro de la cintura 89 ± 13 cm, triglicéridos 107 ± 74 mg/dl, glucemia 82 ± 16 mg/dl, colesterol HDL 48 ± 13 mg/dl, presión arterial sistólica 124 ± 14 mm Hg, diastólica 78 ± 9 mm Hg, presión del pulso 46 ± 9 mm Hg. Edad: 38 ± 9 años los hombres (n = 712) y 37 ± 9 años las mujeres (n = 443); p = ns. La presión del pulso fue de 48 ± 8 mm Hg en los hombres versus 43 ± 9 mm Hg en las mujeres; p < 0,001. Efecto de la edad sobre la presión del pulso: 45 ± 8 en individuos < 35 años versus 47 ± 9 en ≥ 35 años; p <0,001. Frecuencia de los distintos elementos que definen el síndrome metabólico: perímetro de la cintura ≥ 102/88 cm: 18%, glucemia ≥ 100 mg/dl: 7%, triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl: 17%, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 mg/dl: 45%, presión arterial sistólica≥ 130 mm Hg: 40%, diastólica ≥ 85 mm Hg: 16%. Al comparar la presión del pulso ajustada delimitada por cada factor del síndrome metabólico con la de los controles se obtuvo: perímetro de la cintura ≥ 102/88 cm: 48 ± 4 versus 46 ± 3, glucemia ≥ 100 mg/dl: 52 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl: 48 ± 3 versus 46 ± 4, colesterol HDL ≤ 40/50 mg/dl: 44± 3 versus 47 ± 3; presión arterial sistólica ≥ 130 mm Hg: 48 ± 4 versus 45 ± 3; diastólica ≥ 85 mm Hg: 48 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, todas p < 0,001. Por último, se comprobó la presión del pulso ajustada de acuerdo con las posibles combinaciones de tres o más factores y se comparó con la de individuos en los que no se hallaba presente ningún componente del síndrome metabólico; el resultado fue 49 ± 5 versus 46 ± 3, p < 0,001. Conclusiones El síndrome metabólico y/o sus componentes individuales inducen una elevación de la presión del pulso, a excepción del colesterol HDL. Este efecto parece ser independiente de la edad, del sexo y de la eventual interacción entre las variables analizadas.


Background Pulse pressure depends mostly on arterial wall stiffness. Several studies have focused on the fact that many factors, including the metabolic syndrome or its components, interact to impact on great vessels elastic properties, increasing arterial wall stiffness. Objective To evaluate the influence of the metabolic syndrome and its components on pulse pressure in persons without any apparent disease. Material and Methods A total of 1.155 subjects without demonstrable disease were randomly selected. The metabolic variables defining metabolic syndrome (ATP III) were recorded: fasting HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl (men/women), fasting triglycerides≥150 mg/dl, fasting glycemia ≥100 mg/dl, waist circumference ≥102/88 cm (men/women) and systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg. Patients' pulse pressure values were compared among different groups according to gender and age. The frequency of the metabolic syndrome components was determined and pulse pressure was adjusted by gender, age and all the components using multiple linear regression analysis. The adjusted value of pulse pressure corresponding to each metabolic syndrome component was determined and compared to that of normal subjects. Finally, adjusted pulse pressure was calculated according to the possible combinations of three factors or greater (diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome) and was compared with that of individuals without any component of the metabolic syndrome. Results General characteristics of the 1.155 individuals: men 62%, age 38±9 years (range 20-66), waist circumference 89±13 cm, triglycerides 107±74 mg/dl, glycemia 82±16 mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol 48±13 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure 124±14 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure 78±9 mm Hg, pulse pressure 46±9 mm Hg. Age: 38±9 years in men (n=712) and 37±9 years in women (n=443); p=ns. Pulse pressure was 48±8 mm Hg in men versus 43±9 mm Hg in women; p<0.001. Influence of age on pulse pressure: 45±8 in individuals <35 years versus 47±9 in ≥35 years; p<0.001. Frequency of metabolic syn- drome components: waist circumference ≥102/88 cm: 18%, glycemia ≥100 mg/dl: 7%, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl: 17%, HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl: 45%, systolic blood pressure≥130 mm Hg: 40%, diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg: 16%. When pulse pressure adjusted by each component of the metabolic syndrome was compared to that of controls, the following values were obtained: waist circumference≥102/88 cm: 48±4 versus 46±3, glycemia ≥100 mg/dl: 52±5 versus 46±3, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl: 48±3 versus 46±4, HDL-cholesterol ≤40/50 mg/dl: 44±3 versus 47±3; systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg: 48±4 versus 45±3; diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mm Hg: 48±5 versus 46±3, all p<0.001. Finally, adjusted pulse pressure according to the possible combinations of three factors or greater was calculated and compared with that of individuals without any component of the metabolic syndrome: 49±5 versus 46±3, p<0,001. Conclusions The metabolic syndrome and/or its components induce pulse pressure elevation, except for HDL-cholesterol. This effect seems to be independent of age, gender and the eventual interaction of the variables analyzed.

16.
Rev. argent. cardiol ; 77(4): 274-279, jul.-ago. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-634096

ABSTRACT

Introducción La hipertensión arterial con frecuencia coexiste con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, principalmente obesidad y dislipidemia; ésta es una conexión que eleva el riesgo, especialmente en los pacientes que ya tienen enfermedad cardiovascular, y por ello su identificación y control son esenciales para el manejo global de los pacientes hipertensos. Objetivos Evaluar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial según los distintos componentes del síndrome metabólico y establecer su vínculo con ellos. Material y métodos Se incluyeron 975 individuos (37 ± 9 años, 62% hombres) sin enfermedad demostrable. Se registraron las variables que conforme al sexo definen el síndrome metabólico (ATPIIIIDF): perímetro de cintura ³ 102/88 cm, lipoproteínas de alta densidad £ 40/50 mg/dl, glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl y triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl. Se agruparon a los participantes por sexo y se clasificaron en hipertensos (JNC 7), con tensión arterial ³ 140/90 mm Hg, y en no hipertensos o controles. Se estableció la frecuencia de cada elemento del síndrome metabólico entre hipertensos y se determinó la prevalencia de hipertensión según cada componente. Resultados Entre los hombres de la población en estudio se hallaron 114 hipertensos que se compararon con 495 controles: edad: 42 ± 10 versus 36 ± 9 años, perímetro de cintura ³ 102 cm: 31% versus 15%, triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl: 33% versus 20%, glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl: 30% versus 4%; todas p < 0,001. Entre las mujeres hubo 35 hipertensas que se confrontaron con 331 no hipertensas: edad 43 ± 9 versus 35 ± 8 años y perímetro de cintura ³ 88 cm: 49% versus 15%; ambas, p < 0,001. La prevalencia de hipertensión entre hombres fue: del 19% general, del 32% con perímetro de cintura ³ 102, del 28% con triglicéridos ³ 150, del 63% con glucemia ³ 100; todas p < 0,03 versus general. En las mujeres, la prevalencia de hipertensión fue: del 11% general, del 25% con perímetro de cintura ³ 88; p < 0,0008. El análisis multivariado demostró que la edad, la glucemia ³ 100 mg/dl, los triglicéridos ³ 150 mg/dl y el perímetro de cintura ³ 102/88 cm son predictores independientes de hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones Los componentes del síndrome metabólico son más frecuentes entre los hipertensos. Además, particularmente en los hombres, determinan una prevalencia mayor de hipertensión arterial.


Background Hypertension coexists with other cardiovascular risk factors, especially obesity and dyslipemia; this association increases the risk particularly in patients with established heart disease. For this reason, the identification and control of these factors is essential for the global management of hypertensive patients. Objectives To assess the prevalence of hypertension and its association with the different components of the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods We included 975 subjects (37±9 years, 62% were men) without demonstrable heart disease. Metabolic syndrome variables were those defined by the ATP III-IDF according to gender: waist circumference ³102/88 cm, LDL-cholesterol level £40/50 mg/dl, glucose blood level and triglycerides ³150 mg/dl. Subjects were grouped by gender and classified as hypertensive (JNC 7), with blood pressure ³140/90 mm Hg, non hypertensive and controls. The frequency of each variable of the metabolic syndrome was established in hypertensive subjects and the prevalence of hypertension was determined for each variable. Results There were 114 hypertensive men that were compared to 495 controls: age: 42±10 versus 36±9 years, waist circumference ³102 cm: 31% versus 15%, triglycerides ³150 mg/dl: 33% versus 20%, glycemia ³100 mg/dl: 30% versus 4%; p<0.001 for all the variables. We found 35 women with hypertension that were compared to 331 non-hypertensive women: age 43±9 versus 35±8 years, and waist circumference ³88 cm: 49% versus 15%; both, p<0.001. The prevalence of hypertension among all men was 19%; 32% in those with a waist circumference of ³102; 28% with triglycerides ³150; 63% with glycemia of ³100; p<0.03 for all versus general. Among all women, the prevalence of hypertension was 11%, 25% in those with a waist circumference of ³88; p<0.0008. Multivariate analysis showed that age, glucose blood levels ³100 mg/dl, triglycerides ³150 mg/dl and a waist circumference ³102/88 cm are independent predictors of hypertension. Conclusions The components of the metabolic syndrome are more frequent among subjects with hypertension. In addition, they determine a greater prevalence of hypertension, particularly in men.

17.
Adv Cardiol ; 45: 17-43, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18230954

ABSTRACT

The endothelium is the common target of all cardiovascular risk factors, and functional impairment of the vascular endothelium in response to injury occurs long before the development of visible atherosclerosis. The endothelial cell behaves as a receptor-effector structure which senses different physical or chemical stimuli that occur inside the vessel and, therefore, modifies the vessel shape or releases the necessary products to counteract the effect of the stimulus and maintain homeostasis. The endothelium is capable of producing a large variety of different molecules which act as agonists and antagonists, therefore balancing their effects in opposite directions. When endothelial cells lose their ability to maintain this delicate balance, the conditions are given for the endothelium to be invaded by lipids and leukocytes (monocytes and T lymphocytes). The inflammatory response is incited and fatty streaks appear, the first step in the formation of the atheromatous plaque. If the situation persists, fatty streaks progress and the resultant plaques are exposed to rupture and set the conditions for thrombogenesis and vascular occlusion. Oxidant products are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism. These molecules are highly reactive with other biological molecules and are referred as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under normal physiological conditions, ROS production is balanced by an efficient system of antioxidants, molecules that are capable of neutralizing them and thereby preventing oxidant damage. In pathological states, ROS may be present in relative excess. This shift of balance in favor of oxidation, termed 'oxidative stress', may have detrimental effects on cellular and tissue function, and cardiovascular risk factors generate oxidative stress. Both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients have mostly been described under enhanced oxidative stress, and both conditions are known to be powerful and independent risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Hyperglycemia causes glycosylation of proteins and phospholipids, thus increasing intracellular oxidative stress. Nonenzymatic reactive products, glucose-derived Schiff base, and Amadori products form chemically reversible early glycosylation products which subsequently rearrange to form more stable products, some of them long-lived proteins (collagen) which continue undergoing complex series of chemical rearrangements to form advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Once formed, AGEs are stable and virtually irreversible. AGEs generate ROS with consequent increased vessel oxidative damage and atherogenesis. The impressive correlation between coronary artery disease and alterations in glucose metabolism has raised the hypothesis that atherosclerosis and diabetes may share common antecedents. Large-vessel atherosclerosis can precede the development of diabetes, suggesting that rather than atherosclerosis being a complication of diabetes, both conditions may share genetic and environmental antecedents, a 'common soil'.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Glucose/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Antioxidants/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Cytoskeleton/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Humans , Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
18.
Prensa méd. argent ; 94(2): 118-123, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-491477

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de preexcitación tiene una larga e interesante historia, esta anormalidad electrocardiográfica fue descripta por Wolff-Parkinson-White y una conexión AV accesoria resulta ser su sustrato anatómico. Sin embargo, aun después de la documentación de estas vías accesorias, la búsqueda de mecanismos alternativos para explicar la preexcitación continuó. Finalmente, el estudio electrofisiológico y la terapia quirúrgica o ablativa confirmó la teoría. Las distintas publicaciones hacen referencia a disímiles frecuencias de presentación, dependiendo particularmente de la población de estudio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Atrioventricular Node , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome/diagnosis , Heart Conduction System/pathology , Health
19.
Prensa méd. argent ; 94(1): 17-24, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-487030

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el valor pronóstico de la Interleukina-6 (IL-6) en la ocurrencia de infarto de miocardio y mortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica (CI) crónica estable durante un seguimiento 6,3 años...En conclusión, los niveles elevados de IL-6 están fuertemente asociados con el riesgo de padecimiento de infarto de miocardio y muerte súbita cardíaca en el seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes con CI crónica estable


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Interleukin-6 , Biomarkers , Myocardial Ischemia , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/therapeutic use
20.
Prensa méd. argent ; 94(1): 17-24, 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-123008

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer el valor pronóstico de la Interleukina-6 (IL-6) en la ocurrencia de infarto de miocardio y mortalidad cardiovascular en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica (CI) crónica estable durante un seguimiento 6,3 años...En conclusión, los niveles elevados de IL-6 están fuertemente asociados con el riesgo de padecimiento de infarto de miocardio y muerte súbita cardíaca en el seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes con CI crónica estable(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Interleukin-6 , Myocardial Ischemia , CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/therapeutic use , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Biomarkers
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