ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Soybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds. However, its effects are not well known under unbalanced diet conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding whole soy flour to a cafeteria diet on intestinal histomorphometry, metabolic risk and toxicity markers in rats. METHODS: In this study, 30 male adult Wistar rats were used, distributed among three groups (n = 10): AIN-93 M diet, cafeteria diet (CAF) and cafeteria diet with soy flour (CAFS), for 56 days. The following parameters were measured: food intake; weight gain; serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS); humidity and lipid fecal content; weight and fat of the liver. The villous height, the crypt depth and the thickness of the duodenal and ileal circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the animals were also measured. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the food intake in the CAF group. The CAFS showed lower serum concentrations of triglycerides and serum TBARS and a lower percentage of hepatic fat, with a corresponding increase in thickness of the intestinal muscle layers. In the CAF group, an increase in the HbA1c, ALT, lipid excretion, liver TBARS and crypt depth, was observed associated with lower HDL-c and villous height. The addition of soy did not promote any change in these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of whole soy flour in a high-fat diet may be helpful in reducing some markers of metabolic risk; however, more studies are required to clarify its effects on unbalanced diets.
Subject(s)
Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Diet , Flour/analysis , Glycine max/chemistry , Soybean Proteins/administration & dosage , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Eating/drug effects , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Intestines/drug effects , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , Triglycerides/blood , Weight Gain/drug effectsABSTRACT
As doenças cardiovasculares ainda são a principal causa de morte no Brasil e no mundo. Além dos conhecidos métodos de prevenção e cura, estudos vem demonstrando o efeito de substâncias antioxidantes na prevenção dessas doenças, entre elas os flavonóides. Esses compostos têm estrutura fenólica e estão distribuídos no reino vegetal em diversas espécies. A atividade antioxidante dos flavonóides é atribuída a seus radicais fenólicos que atuam como doadores de prótons. Parecem inibir também as reações formadoras de radicais livres, como a reação de Fenton. Diversos estudos laboratoriais e epidemiológicos vêm demonstrando a ação dos flavonóides como poderoso antioxidante, atuando significativamente na redução do risco do desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
