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1.
Rheumatol Int ; 38(3): 363-374, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29322341

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the setting of a large cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and to analyse the differences according to the SSc subtype (following the modification of classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology for SSc proposed by LeRoy and Medsger), factors are associated with moderate-to-severe impairment of lung function, as well as mortality and causes of death. METHODS: A descriptive study was performed, using the available data from the Spanish Scleroderma Study Group. RESULTS: Twenty-one referral centers participated in the registry. By April 2014, 1374 patients with SSc had been enrolled, and 595 of whom (43%) had ILD: 316 (53%) with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), 240 (40%) with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and 39 (7%) with SSc sine scleroderma (ssSSc). ILD in the lcSSc and the ssSSc subsets tended to develop later, and showed a less impaired forced vital capacity (FVC) and a ground glass pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) less frequently, compared with the dcSSc subset. Factors related to an FVC < 70% of predicted in the multivariate analysis were: dcSSc, positivity to anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, a ground glass pattern on HCRT, an active nailfold capillaroscopy pattern, lower DLco, older age at symptoms onset, and longer time between symptoms onset and ILD diagnosis. Finally, SSc-associated mortality and ILD-related mortality were highest in dcSSc patients, whereas that related to pulmonary arterial hypertension was highest in those with lcSSc-associated ILD. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that ILD constitutes a remarkable complication of SSc with significant morbidity and mortality, which should be borne in mind in all three subgroups (lcSSc, dcSSc, and ssSSc).


Subject(s)
Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Lung , Scleroderma, Diffuse , Scleroderma, Limited , Adult , Aged , Cause of Death , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Heart Diseases/mortality , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Logistic Models , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Lung/pathology , Lung/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/mortality , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/physiopathology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy , Male , Microscopic Angioscopy , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Prognosis , Registries , Risk Factors , Scleroderma, Diffuse/diagnosis , Scleroderma, Diffuse/mortality , Scleroderma, Diffuse/physiopathology , Scleroderma, Diffuse/therapy , Scleroderma, Limited/diagnosis , Scleroderma, Limited/mortality , Scleroderma, Limited/physiopathology , Scleroderma, Limited/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Skin/pathology , Spain/epidemiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vital Capacity
2.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 94(43): e1728, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26512564

ABSTRACT

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, multisystem disease showing a large individual variability in disease progression and prognosis. In the present study, we assess survival, causes of death, and risk factors of mortality in a large series of Spanish SSc patients. Consecutive SSc patients fulfilling criteria of the classification by LeRoy were recruited in the survey. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards models were used to analyze survival and to identify predictors of mortality. Among 879 consecutive patients, 138 (15.7%) deaths were registered. Seventy-six out of 138 (55%) deceased patients were due to causes attributed to SSc, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) was the leading cause in 23 (16.6%) patients. Survival rates were 96%, 93%, 83%, and 73% at 5, 10, 20, and 30 years after the first symptom, respectively. Survival rates for diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and limited cutaneous SSc were 91%, 86%, 64%, and 39%; and 97%, 95%, 85%, and 81% at 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively (log-rank: 67.63, P < 0.0001). The dcSSc subset, male sex, age at disease onset older than 65 years, digital ulcers, interstitial lung disease (ILD), PH, heart involvement, scleroderma renal crisis (SRC), presence of antitopoisomerase I and absence of anticentromere antibodies, and active capillaroscopic pattern showed reduced survival rate. In a multivariate analysis, older age at disease onset, dcSSc, ILD, PH, and SRC were independent risk factors for mortality. In the present study involving a large cohort of SSc patients, a high prevalence of disease-related causes of death was demonstrated. Older age at disease onset, dcSSc, ILD, PH, and SRC were identified as independent prognostic factors.


Subject(s)
Registries , Scleroderma, Systemic/mortality , Adult , Aged , Cause of Death , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
11.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 207(11): 570-572, dic. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-058932

ABSTRACT

Los objetivos del tratamiento en los pacientes con nefropatía lúpica (NL) deben ser la remisión precoz del brote renal y evitar la aparición de rebrotes renales y la evolución a insuficiencia renal crónica. Además estos objetivos deben conseguirse con la mínima toxicidad posible. Un avance en el tratamiento de la NL ha sido la introducción de los conceptos de inducción de la remisión (con la administración de inmunodepresores potentes como la ciclofosfamida por vía intravenosa en bolos mensuales) y de mantenimiento de la remisión (con la administración a largo plazo, menos frecuente, de la ciclofosfamida o con otros inmunodepresores menos tóxicos como la azatioprina). El micofenolato de mofetilo puede ser una alternativa a la ciclofosfamida en el tratamiento de inducción y mantenimiento de la NL proliferativa. El tratamiento de la NL también debe incluir medidas no inmunodepresoras como el control estricto de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y de la proteinuria (AU)


The therapeutic goals for a patient with newly diagnosed lupus nephritis should be to achieve a prompt renal remission, to avoid renal flares, to avoid chronic renal impairment, and to fulfil these objectives with minimal toxicity. An advance in the therapy of LN has been the introduction of concepts of induction of remission (by a sort course of vigorous immunosupression such as monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide) and maintenance of remission (by long-term administration of the same cytotoxic drug given less frequently or a potentially safer immunosupressant such as azathioprine). Mycophenolate mofetil may be an alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction and maintenance therapy of patients with proliferative LN. Optimal care of lupus nephritis patients should include non immunosuppressive measures such as the vigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors and the treatment of proteinuria (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , Lupus Nephritis/complications , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Azathioprine/therapeutic use , Mycophenolic Acid/therapeutic use , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control , Proteinuria/prevention & control , Risk Factors
12.
Rev Clin Esp ; 207(11): 570-2, 2007 Dec.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18021647

ABSTRACT

The therapeutic goals for a patient with newly diagnosed lupus nephritis should be to achieve a prompt renal remission, to avoid renal flares, to avoid chronic renal impairment, and to fulfil these objectives with minimal toxicity. An advance in the therapy of LN has been the introduction of concepts of induction of remission (by a sort course of vigorous immunosupression such as monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide) and maintenance of remission (by long-term administration of the same cytotoxic drug given less frequently or a potentially safer immunosupressant such as azathioprine). Mycophenolate mofetil may be an alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction and maintenance therapy of patients with proliferative LN. Optimal care of lupus nephritis patients should include non immunosuppressive measures such as the vigorous management of cardiovascular risk factors and the treatment of proteinuria.


Subject(s)
Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , Humans
13.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 16(5): 196-200, oct. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36691

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analizar las características clínicas y evolutivas de los pacientes que acuden por dolor abdominal a nuestro Dispensario Extrahospitalario de Urgencias (DEHU), así como estudiar el funcionamiento del centro a través del flujo de pacientes que acuden por dolor abdominal como motivo principal de consulta. Métodos: Se analizaron 339 pacientes que acudieron a nuestro DEHU de forma consecutiva durante 3 meses. En todos los pacientes se analizó su procedencia, se realizó una anamnesis y exploración física, y en los que se consideró indicado se realizaron exploraciones complementarias (hemograma, bioquímica, tira reactiva de orina y radiografía simple). Los pacientes que requirieron de otras pruebas fueron remitidos al hospital de referencia. En todos los casos se realizó un diagnóstico clínico y en 248 de ellos, un control telefónico posterior al alta. Resultados: El 41 por ciento de los pacientes acudieron por iniciativa propia, el 51 por ciento fueron derivados por el servicio de urgencias hospitalarias y el 8 por ciento, por el médico de Atención Primaria. Los diagnósticos principales finales fueron: dolor abdominal inespecífico (36 por ciento), gastroenteritis aguda (23 por ciento), dispepsia ulcerosa (17 por ciento), e infección de vías urinarias (6 por ciento). El diagnóstico inicial coincidió con el final en 240 (96 por ciento) de los 248 pacientes entrevistados. De los pacientes en los que se procedió al alta domiciliaria (94 por ciento), el 93 por ciento siguieron control por el médico de AP, y el 7 por ciento restante por el especialista. Requirieron derivación al servicio de urgencias de nuestro hospital 21 pacientes (6 por ciento). Conclusiones: Un tercio de los pacientes que consultan por dolor abdominal lo hacen por dolor abdominal inespecífico, y evolucionan correctamente con tratamiento sintomático. Sólo el 6 por ciento de los pacientes requieren derivación hospitalaria. La capacidad resolutiva mostrada en los pacientes atendidos por dolor abdominal demuestra la utilidad sanitaria de nuestro DEHU (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Male , Humans , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/complications , Hospitals, Packaged , Emergency Medical Services/methods , Emergency Medical Services , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/standards , Medical History Taking/methods , Gastroenteritis/complications , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Dyspepsia/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Prospective Studies
14.
Rev Clin Esp ; 202(10): 529-33, 2002 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12361550

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Anti-phospholipid antibodies (APA) may involve heart and valvular heart disease seems to be the most common clinical manifestation. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence and characteristics of valvular heart disease in a large patient population with anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) and also to analyze the clinical and immunological profile of patients with valvular involvement compared with those without involvement. Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 113 patients diagnosed of APS. Eighty-one percent were females and the mean age was 39 years (SD:14). Sixty-two percent of patients were diagnosed of primary APS (70 patients) and the remaining 38% (43 patients) corresponded to patients with APS associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The median follow-up of patients was 55 months (range: 7-144 months). The cardiologic assessment was performed by means of transthoracic echocardiogram. The study of anti-lupus anticoagulant (AL) was performed by means of coagulometric assays and measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-beta2 glycoprotein I (abeta2-PGI) and anti-prothrombin (aPT) by ELISA. RESULTS: The prevalence of valvular heart disease was 19%. The mitral valve was mostly involved (91%) and the most common structural abnormality corresponded to mitral insufficiency. Valvular replacement was required in 24% of patients. In the subgroup of patients with valvular heart disease, a significantly higher prevalence was observed in the following parameters: total thrombosis (71% versus 49%; p = 0.05), arterial thrombosis (57% versus 23%; p = 0.002), stroke (38% versus 13%; p = 0.01), trombocitopenia (71% versus 45%; p = 0.02), hemolytic anemia (29% versus 9%; p = 0.02), and livedo reticularis (48% versus 3%; p < 0.0001). As for immunological differences, only a higher prevalence of LA was found (81% versus 59%; p= 0.04) and abeta2-GPI (IgG isotype) (43% versus 22%; p = 0.05) in patients with valvular heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Valvular heart disease is more frequent in pa-tients with APS and mitral insufficiency is the most common lesion. In a patient with the diagnosis of APS, an echocar-digram should be obtained in his/her initial assessment and regular controls should be obtained in the follow-up.


Subject(s)
Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Adult , Female , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
15.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 202(10): 529-533, oct. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-19550

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Los anticuerpos antifosfolipídicos (AAF) pueden afectar el corazón y la cardiopatía valvular parece ser la manifestación clínica más frecuente. Objetivos. Estudiar la prevalencia y las características de la valvulopatía en una amplia población de pacientes con síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF), así como analizar el perfil clínico e inmunológico de los pacientes con afectación valvular respecto de aquellos que no la padecen. Pacientes y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de 113 pacientes diagnosticados de SAF. El 81 por ciento fueron mujeres y la edad media fue de 39 años (DE: 14). El 62 por ciento de los pacientes estaba diagnosticado de SAF primario (70 pacientes) y el 38 por ciento restante (43 pacientes) correspondía a pacientes con SAF asociado a lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). La mediana del tiempo de seguimiento de los pacientes fue de 55 meses (extremos: 7-144 meses). La valoración cardiológica se efectuó mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica. El estudio del anticoagulante lúpico (AL) se realizó mediante ensayos coagulométricos y la determinación de los anticuerpos anticardiolipina (aCL), anti2-glucoproteína I (a2-GPI) y antiprotrombina (aPT) se efectuó mediante ensayos de ELISA. Resultados. La prevalencia de cardiopatía valvular fue del 19 por ciento. La válvula más frecuentemente afectada fue la mitral (91 por ciento) y la anomalía estructural más común fue la insuficiencia. En el 24 por ciento de los pacientes fue necesario el recambio valvular. En el subgrupo de pacientes con valvulopatía se observó una prevalencia significativamente superior de trombosis totales (71 por ciento frente a 49 por ciento; p = 0,05), trombosis arteriales (57 por ciento frente a 23 por ciento; p = 0,002), accidentes vasculares cerebrales (38 por ciento frente a 13 por ciento; p = 0,01), trombocitopenia (71 por ciento frente a 45 por ciento; p = 0,02), anemia hemolítica (29 por ciento frente a 9 por ciento; p = 0,02) y lívedo reticularis (48 por ciento frente a 3 por ciento; p < 0,0001).Respecto a las diferencias inmunológicas, sólo se encontró una mayor prevalencia del AL (81 por ciento frente a 59 por ciento; p = 0,04) y de los a 2-GPI (isotipo IgG) (43 por ciento frente a 22 por ciento; p = 0,05) en los pacientes con valvulopatía. Conclusiones. La cardiopatía valvular es frecuente en pacientes con SAF y la insuficiencia mitral es la lesión más común. Es recomendable la práctica de una ecocardiografía en todo paciente diagnosticado de SAF en s u valoración inicial y efectuar controles periódicos (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Female , Humans , Prevalence , Antiphospholipid Syndrome , Retrospective Studies , Heart Valve Diseases
16.
Med. integral (Ed. impr) ; 39(9): 383-390, mayo 2002. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14333

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad tromboembólica ha adquirido en los últimos tiempos una importancia extraordinaria dentro de la patología médica por el incremento de su incidencia, la adoptación de normas concretas de prevención basadas en nuevos conceptos patogénicos y la aplicación de nuevos métodos de tratamiento. La incidencia no es bien conocida, pero se ha estimado que ocurren 160 casos por 100.000 habitantes y año, de los que fallecen 60 por embolismo pulmonar. Se considera que en España se producen anualmente más de 50.000 nuevos casos. Su correcto diagnóstico es muy importante ya que es el origen de la mayoría de casos de embolia pulmonar y, aunque su tratamiento no es efectivo, no está exento de efectos secundarios (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Heparin/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Acute Disease
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