ABSTRACT
Endothelial cell migration is a key process in angiogenesis. Progress of endothelial cell migration is orchestrated by coordinated generation of Ca2+ signals through a mechanism organized in caveolar microdomains. Connexins (Cx) play a central role in coordination of endothelial cell function, directly by cell-to-cell communication via gap junction and, indirectly, by the release of autocrine/paracrine signals through Cx-formed hemichannels. However, Cx hemichannels are also permeable to Ca2+ and Cx43 can be associated with caveolin-1, a structural protein of caveolae. We proposed that endothelial cell migration relies on Cx43 hemichannel opening. Here we show a novel mechanism of Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cell migration. The Ca2+ signaling that mediates endothelial cell migration and the subsequent tubular structure formation depended on Cx43 hemichannel opening and is associated with the translocation of Cx43 with caveolae to the rear part of the cells. These findings indicate that Cx43 hemichannels play a central role in endothelial cell migration and provide new therapeutic targets for the control of deregulated angiogenesis in pathological conditions such as cancer.
Subject(s)
Connexin 43 , Signal Transduction , Cell Movement , Endothelial CellsABSTRACT
Angiogenesis is a key process in various physiological and pathological conditions in the nervous system and in the retina during postnatal life. Although an increasing number of studies have addressed the role of endothelial cells in this event, the astrocytes contribution in angiogenesis has received less attention. This review is focused on the role of astrocytes as a scaffold and in the stabilization of the new blood vessels, through different molecules release, which can modulate the angiogenesis process in the brain and in the retina. Further, differences in the astrocytes phenotype are addressed in glioblastoma, one of the most devastating types of brain cancer, in order to provide potential targets involved in the cross signaling between endothelial cells, astrocytes and glioma cells, that mediate tumor progression and pathological angiogenesis. Given the relevance of astrocytes in angiogenesis in physiological and pathological conditions, future studies are required to better understand the interrelation between endothelial and astrocyte signaling pathways during this process.
Subject(s)
Astrocytes , Endothelial Cells , Astrocytes/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Endothelial Cells/metabolism , Humans , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics , Retina/metabolismABSTRACT
Objetivo. Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas acerca de fotoprotección de bañistas que acuden a playas de Lima y Callao durante enero de 2012.Material y Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en las playas Agua Dulce (Chorrillos), Playa Sur (San Bartolo) y La Punta (Callao) los días domingos del mes de enero de 2012. Se incluyó en el estudio a bañistas que se encontraban tomando un día de playa entre las 10 a.m. y 12 m., de cualquier sexo y de edad mayor o igual a 10 años. Se realizó una encuesta en la que se abordó aspectos relacionados a conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas de fotoprotección en la práctica diaria y en el día de playa. Los datos obtenidos fueron registrados en un instrumento de recolección de datos. resultados. Participaron del estudio 317 bañistas. Al evaluarse los conocimientos de los bañistas acerca de daños a largo plazo causados por la exposición solar, el cáncer de piel fue el identificado con mayor frecuencia (88,3%); 42,3% tenían una actitud positiva hacia el bronceado. Ante un día cotidiano de sol, la práctica más frecuente era la búsqueda de sombra (85,8%), mientras que el uso de otras medidas es limitado. Se observó un predominio significativo del uso de lentes oscuros en bañistas con instrucción superior (p < 0,001) y del bloqueador solar en mujeres (p = 0,012). En el día de playa, 70,7% de los bañistas había usado bloqueador solar; 58,7%, sombrilla y 57,7% sombrero o gorra. Existió predominio significativo en la aplicación de protector solar (p = 0,009) como en el uso de sombrilla (p = 0,027) en mujeres. Conclusión. A pesar de los conocimientos de los bañistas, un porcentaje importante no aplica las medidas que conoce en la práctica diaria y en el día de playa.
Objective. To determine the knowledge, attitudes and of photo protection of swimmers in beaches of Lima and Callao in January 2012. Material and MethOds. Cross-sectional study realized in three beachs: Agua Dulce (Chorrillos), San Bartolo (Sur) and La Punta (Callao) on Sundays of January 2012. The study enrolled swimmers between 10 am and 12 m, of both genre and with an age equal or greater than 10 years. An interview was realized about knowledge, attitudes, and practices of photo protection diary and at the beach. Data were recorded on a data collection sheet.cOnclusiOn. Despite their knowledge of swimmers, a high percent apply any measures that know in the diary practice and beach day. On average day, the usual measure was the search of shadow (85,5%), the use of others measures were limited. The use of sunglasses by swimmers with high instruction (p < 0,001) and the use of sunscreens by women (p < 012) had significant predominance. In the day at the beach, 70,7% of swimmers had used sunscreens, 58,7% used umbrellas and 57,7% hat or cap. There was a significant predominance in the application of sunscreen (p = 0,009) also for the use of umbrella) p = 0,027%) in women. results. 317 swimmers were and their knowledge about the long term damages caused by exposure to sunlight was evaluated. Skin cancer was identified with the highest frequency (88,3%) and there was a limited knowledge about others damages; 42,3% had a positive attitude towards tan.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Skin Care , Skin Neoplasms , Bathing Beaches , Sunscreening Agents , Solar Radiation , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
El liquen plano pilaris lineal de la cara (LPPL) es una rara variante de liquen plano pilaris, caracterizado por presentar pápulas foliculares asintomáticas en una configuración lineal. Hay pocos casos reportados en hombres adultos y menos aún en mujeres. El liquen plano pigmentoso (LPP) es también una forma diferente del liquen plano clásico, con un curso clínico prolongado, se manifiesta con máculas marrones oscuras. Describimos un caso muy raro de liquen plano pilaris pigmentado con una distribución lineal en áreas del mentón y cuello en una paciente mujer.
Linear lichen planopilaris (LPPL) of the face is a rare variant of lichen planus pilaris, characterized by asymptomatic follicular papules in a linear configuration. There are few reported cases in adult men and even less in woman. Lichen planus pigmentosum is also a different presentation of classic lichen planus with a prolonged clinical course and dark brown macules. We describe a very rare case of LPPL pigmentosus with a linear distribution on the neck and chin in a female patient.
