Trapped Ion Quantum Computing Using Optical Tweezers and Electric Fields.

We propose a new scalable architecture for trapped ion quantum computing that combines optical tweezers delivering qubit state-dependent local potentials with oscillating electric fields. Since the electric field allows for long-range qubit-qubit interactions mediated by the center-of-mass motion of the ion crystal alone, it is inherently scalable to large ion crystals. Furthermore, our proposed scheme does not rely on either ground-state cooling or the Lamb-Dicke approximation. We study the effects of imperfect cooling of the ion crystal, as well as the role of unwanted qubit-motion entanglement, and discuss the prospects of implementing the state-dependent tweezers in the laboratory.

Electrochemical removal of carbamazepine in water with Ti/PbO2 cylindrical mesh anode.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is one of the most frequently detected organic compounds in the aquatic environment. Due to its bio-persistence and toxicity for humans and the environment its removal has become an important issue. The performance of the electrochemical oxidation process and in situ production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O3 and H2O2, for CBZ removal have been studied using Ti/PbO2 cylindrical mesh anode in the presence of Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte in a batch electrochemical reactor. In this integrated process, direct oxidation at anode and indirect oxidation by in situ electrogenerated ROS can occur simultaneously. The effect of several factors such as electrolysis time, current intensity, initial pH and oxygen flux was investigated by means of an experimental design methodology, using a 2(4) factorial matrix. CBZ removal of 83.93% was obtained and the most influential parameters turned out to be electrolysis time, current intensity and oxygen flux. Later, the optimal experimental values for CBZ degradation were obtained by means of a central composite design. The best operating conditions, analyzed by Design Expert(®) software, are the following: 110 min of electrolysis at 3.0 A, pH = 7.05 and 2.8 L O2/min. Under these optimal conditions, the model prediction (82.44%) fits very well with the experimental response (83.90 ± 0.8%). Furthermore, chemical oxygen demand decrease was quantified. Our results illustrated significant removal efficiency for the CBZ in optimized condition with second order kinetic reaction.

Morphometric evaluation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their cytokine regulators predict pulmonary dysfunction and survival in systemic sclerosis.

Because histopathological changes in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are consistent with alveolar and vessel cell damage, we presume that this interaction can be characterized by analyzing the expression of proteins regulating nitric oxide (NO) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) synthesis. To validate the importance of alveolar-vascular interactions and to explore the quantitative relationship between these factors and other clinical data, we studied these markers in 23 cases of SSc nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (SSc-NSIP). We used immunohistochemistry and morphometry to evaluate the amount of cells in alveolar septa and vessels staining for NO synthase (NOS) and PAI-1, and the outcomes of our study were cellular and fibrotic NSIP, pulmonary function tests, and survival time until death. General linear model analysis demonstrated that staining for septal inducible NOS (iNOS) related significantly to staining of septal cells for interleukin (IL)-4 and to septal IL-13. In univariate analysis, higher levels of septal and vascular cells staining for iNOS were associated with a smaller percentage of septal and vascular cells expressing fibroblast growth factor and myofibroblast proliferation, respectively. Multivariate Cox model analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for SSc-NSIP histological patterns, just three variables were significantly associated with survival time: septal iNOS (P=0.04), septal IL-13 (P=0.03), and septal basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; P=0.02). Augmented NOS, IL-13, and bFGF in SSc-NSIP histological patterns suggest a possible functional role for iNOS in SSc. In addition, the extent of iNOS, PAI-1, and IL-4 staining in alveolar septa and vessels provides a possible independent diagnostic measure for the degree of pulmonary dysfunction and fibrosis with an impact on the survival of patients with SSc.

Morphometric evaluation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their cytokine regulators predict pulmonary dysfunction and survival in systemic sclerosis

Because histopathological changes in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are consistent with alveolar and vessel cell damage, we presume that this interaction can be characterized by analyzing the expression of proteins regulating nitric oxide (NO) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) synthesis. To validate the importance of alveolar-vascular interactions and to explore the quantitative relationship between these factors and other clinical data, we studied these markers in 23 cases of SSc nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (SSc-NSIP). We used immunohistochemistry and morphometry to evaluate the amount of cells in alveolar septa and vessels staining for NO synthase (NOS) and PAI-1, and the outcomes of our study were cellular and fibrotic NSIP, pulmonary function tests, and survival time until death. General linear model analysis demonstrated that staining for septal inducible NOS (iNOS) related significantly to staining of septal cells for interleukin (IL)-4 and to septal IL-13. In univariate analysis, higher levels of septal and vascular cells staining for iNOS were associated with a smaller percentage of septal and vascular cells expressing fibroblast growth factor and myofibroblast proliferation, respectively. Multivariate Cox model analysis demonstrated that, after controlling for SSc-NSIP histological patterns, just three variables were significantly associated with survival time: septal iNOS (P=0.04), septal IL-13 (P=0.03), and septal basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF; P=0.02). Augmented NOS, IL-13, and bFGF in SSc-NSIP histological patterns suggest a possible functional role for iNOS in SSc. In addition, the extent of iNOS, PAI-1, and IL-4 staining in alveolar septa and vessels provides a possible independent diagnostic measure for the degree of pulmonary dysfunction and fibrosis with an impact on the survival of patients with SSc.

Evaluación del sellado marginal de diferentes materiales utilizados durante el blanqueamiento ambulatorio, estudio in vitro / Evaluation of the marginal sealed of differnet materials used during the ambulatory blanqueamiento, in vitro study

Objetivo: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el sellado marginal de diferentes materiales intracoronalmente después de la amputación parcial de la raíz hasta una profundidad de 5mm. Los especímenes se dividieron en siete grupos de 30 premolares cada uno. Una pasta blanqueadora acondicionada con azul de metileno se colocó con un espesor de 2mm y el resto de la cavidad fue obturada con diferentes materiales: Resina compuesta, lonómero de Vidrio, IRM, Fosfato de Zinc, Cavit R, Provisit y Carboxilato. Fueron almacenadas en solución salina durante ocho días. El sellado marginal se evaluó mediante una tabla de valores y fueron analizados con la prueba X2. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron el mejor sellado marginal para el CAvit R (p.001) y resina compuesta (p.0,05), y el sellado más pobre para IRM y fosfato de zinc. Conclusiones: Bajo las condiciones de este estudio concluimos que el Cavit R y la resina comuesta ofrecieron un mejor sellado marginal durante el blanqueamiento ambulatorio (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal seal of various materials used in the cavity during the bleaching. Material and Methods: We included 210 human premolars of arches which were prepared intracrowne after partial amputation of the root to a depth of 5mm. The specimens were divided into seven groups of 30 premolars each. Subsequently, the pulp bleaching fitted with methylene blue was placed with a thickness of 2 mm and the rest of the cavity was sealed with different materials: composite resin, glass ionomer, IRM, zinc phosphate, Cavit R, Provisit and carboxylate. Were stored in saline solution for eight days. The marginal seal was evaluated through a table of values, data were analyzed with the X2 test. Results: The results showed the best marginal seal for Cavit R (p<0,01) and resin composite (p<0,05) groups and poorer sealing for IRM and Zinc Phosphate. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study concluded that R Cavit and resin composite provided a better marginal seal during the bleaching (AU)

[Comparative efficiency of 2 products for cleaning the instrumented dentin wall]. / Eficacia comparativa de dos productos para limpieza de la pared dentinaria instrumentada.

Two dental cleansing products, Rc-Prep and Largal Ultra, were subjected to a comparative study, evaluating their efficacy in vitro on 15 recently-extracted dentary units, through optic microscopy applied on the dentine wall of the instrumented root canal. Both materials were applied on separate hemisections of the canal during 15 minutes intervals, with two applications on each canal. Rc-Prep was observed to have a slight, not significant advantage over Largal-Ultra in its cleansing effect over the dentine smear, although the compact, granular and amorphous layer of dentine smear over the root canal wall, blocking the entry to dentine channels, persisted after use of both products. In view of conditions observed in the dentine walls, the authors assume that adhesion and adaptation of obturating materials over these structures is exceedingly difficult. Although variability was not considered as is usual in clinical studies, in vitro evaluation as observed in this study allows a more accurate comparative analysis, since it was performed on one individual tooth, with analogous instrumentation and on dentary tissue with similar characteristics.