An ECD and NMR/DP4+ Computational Pipeline for Structure Revision and Elucidation of Diphenazine-Based Natural Products.

Discovery and structure elucidation of natural products available in infinitesimally small quantities are recognized challenge. This challenge is epitomized by the diphenazine class of molecules that contain three bridged stereocenters, several conformations, ring fusions, and multiple spatially isolated phenols. Because empirical NMR and spatial analyses using ROESY/NOESY were unsuccessful in tackling these challenges, we developed a computational pipeline to determine the relative and absolute configurations and phenol positions of diphenazines as inhibitors of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) protein-protein interactions. In this pipeline, we incorporated ECD and GIAO NMR calculations coupled with a DP4+ probability measure, enabling the structure revision of phenazinolin D (4), izumiphenazine A (5), and baraphenazine G (7) and the structure characterization of two new diphenazines, baraphenazine H (3) and izumiphenazine E (6). Importantly, through these efforts, we demonstrate the feasibility of NMR/DP4+ analysis for the determination of phenol positions in phenazine-based molecules, further expanding the limits of computational methods for the structure elucidation of complex natural products.

Conocimiento sobre carillas dentales en estudiantes universitarios peruanos

Introducción: las carillas dentales son una opción de tratamiento estético solicitado mayormente para mejorar la apariencia. En Perú, son escasas las investigaciones que miden el conocimiento acerca de este tratamiento. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el conocimiento sobre carillas dentales en estudiantes de una universidad peruana. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal; conformado por una población de 1417 estudiantes matriculados durante el año 2022 en las Escuelas de Medicina Humana, Psicología y Enfermería de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, de donde se obtuvo, un tamaño muestral de 160 participantes; sin embargo, fueron 187 quienes respondieron el cuestionario. El instrumento fue previamente validado a través de juicio de expertos y, mediante la prueba Kuder Richardson se obtuvo una confiabilidad alta correspondiente a 0.7. El análisis de datos fue realizado utilizando estadística descriptiva y prueba Chi Cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: los participantes fueron 55 varones y 132 mujeres. Se reportó un nivel de conocimiento medio sobre el tratamiento con carillas dentales en 75.9% de los estudiantes, y nivel bajo en 5,9% de ellos, la población, en su mayoría obtuvo información de más de una fuente, seguido de redes sociales, amigos y/o familiares, programas de televisión y, finalmente por parte del odontólogo. Conclusión: el conocimiento sobre carillas dentales en estudiantes de una universidad peruana fue de nivel medio, estos resultados fueron similares al ser comparados entre edad, sexo, escuela profesional y fuente de información.

Introduction: dental veneers are an aesthetic treatment option requested mostly to improve appearance. In Peru, there are few investigations that measure knowledge about this treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the knowledge about dental veneers in students at a Peruvian university. Methods: descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional study; made up of a population of 1417 students enrolled during the year 2022 in the Schools of Human Medicine, Psychology and Nursing of the Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo Catholic University, from which a sample size of 160 participants was obtained; however, there were 187 who answered the questionnaire. The instrument was previously validated through expert judgment and, through the Kuder Richardson test, a high reliability corresponding to 0,7 was obtained. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: the participants were 55 men and 132 women. A medium level of knowledge about the treatment with dental veneers was reported in 75,9% of the students, and a low level in 5,9% of them. The population mostly obtained information from more than one source, followed by social networks, friends and / or relatives, television programs and, finally, by the dentist. Conclusion: knowledge about dental veneers in students from a Peruvian university was medium level, these results were similar when evaluated between sex, age, professional school, and source of information.

Development of a Differential Assessment Guide to Improve Engagement with Youths & Families Living with Chronic Trauma.

Youths and parents/caregivers who have experienced multiple forms of severe interpersonal trauma may demonstrate severe and persistent symptoms of complex trauma including high-risk behaviors. Engagement, and sustaining engagement, of these youths and parents/caregivers in evidence-supported trauma treatment is a critical challenge, especially when youths or parents/caregivers have experienced chronic traumas that may be expected to continue into the foreseeable future. An extensive literature review was conducted leading to development of an assessment framework that could increase engagement of youths and parents/caregivers in trauma treatment based on research on chronic trauma, complex trauma, Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD), and factors that promote engagement. A multi-dimensional assessment guide was developed to enable clinicians to differentiate types of chronic trauma based on a continuum of past, current and expected exposure over time and then to use this guide collaboratively with youths and parents/caregivers to develop priorities for treatment and service planning that matches their needs and strengths. The assessment guide incorporates exposure to intra-familial and community forms of interpersonal trauma, attachment disruptions, established symptoms of PTSD, Complex PTSD and DTD, as well as social-emotional development. The assessment and treatment planning guides proposed in this article expand applicability of evidence-supported trauma-informed therapy to youths and families who have not been engaged by programs offering treatments that are focused on past or single incident traumas or do not address disrupted attachments, multi-generational experiences of adversity, discrimination and community violence, life-threatening dangers or the impact of chronic trauma on youth, parent/caregiver and family development.

Validation of the WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Questionnaire in an Urban Sample of Older Adults in a Neighbourhood in Zaragoza (Spain).

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the increase in life expectancy needs to be matched by an increase in the wellbeing of older adults. A starting point is the definition of what is understood by health-related quality of life and its measurement in different contexts. Our research translates these international priorities to a local base. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) in a sample of older adults from a Spanish urban community (Casablanca). METHODS: In collaboration with the local health centre, we designed and implemented the health neighbourhood survey. Interviews took place at subjects' homes with 212 women and 135 men over the age of 60, who were residents in Casablanca. With the results, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics of WHOQOL-BREF and tested its reliability and validation. RESULTS: The instrument has a high internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.9. The items with higher correlation value were: ability to carry out activities in daily life, enough energy for daily life. The scale contributions of Physical Health dimension (0.809) and Psychological Health dimension (0.722) were notable. CONCLUSIONS: As with other studies, the instrument proved to be an integral evaluation of the diverse domains that condition the wellbeing of older adults.

Resinas infiltrativas como tratamiento para la fluorosis dental. Una revisión de literatura / Infiltrative resins as a treatment for dental fluorosis. A literature review

RESUMEN En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un nuevo enfoque más conservador para detener y controlar las lesiones cariosas iniciales, usando la técnica con resinas infiltrativas, desarrollada con la finalidad de aportar a los tratamientos no invasivos siendo utilizadas como método para el diagnóstico de lesiones cariosas no cavitadas; aunque, actualmente su uso se ha expandido para tratar otro tipo de lesiones que afectan al esmalte como la fluorosis dental. Para este artículo de revisión fueron seleccionados artículos originales, investigaciones in vitro, in vivo, reportes de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y de literatura; llevándose a cabo la búsqueda en 6 bases de datos: PubMed, Google Académico, ScienceDirect, Wiley, EBSCO, Springer, de las cuales se obtuvo información acerca de la eficacia, beneficios, aplicaciones clínicas y, técnica de aplicación de las resinas infiltrativas.

ABSTRACT In recent years, a new standard of resins called infiltrative resins has been generated, which were developed with the aim of contributing to non-invasive treatments, being used as a treatment for the diagnosis of non-cavitated carious lesions; although, currently its use has expanded to treat other types of lesions that affect the enamel such as dental fluorosis. For this review article, original articles, in vitro and in vivo research, case reports, systematic and literature reviews were selected; carrying out the search in 6 databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, EBSCO and Springer, from which information was obtained about the efficacy, benefits, clinical applications and application technique of the infiltrative resins.

Intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en el manejo de sobrepeso y obesidad: revisión sistemática exploratoria / Occupational therapy interventions for the management of overweight and obesity: scoping review

Introducción: Existe limitado conocimiento sobre las características y evidencia disponible de intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en el manejo y reducción de la obesidad y sobrepeso, traduciéndose en una limitada consideración en políticas y programas de salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en sobrepeso y/u obesidad. Métodos: Revisión Sistemática Exploratoria (Scoping Review) en las bases de datos EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scielo y Scopus, de estudios publicados a junio 2020. Se usó estructura PRISMA ScR, incorporando artículos que cumplieran los criterios: a) Evaluasen una intervención de terapia ocupacional en sobrepeso y/u obesidad, b) Informasen resultados cuantitativos, y c) Publicados en revista con evaluación de pares. Resultados: Cinco estudios fueron incluidos en la revisión. Cuatro utilizaron un diseño cuasi experimental (pretest-postest, sin grupo de comparación), y un estudio utilizó un diseño mixto con estudio pretest-postest adicionando estudio cualitativo. Las intervenciones son heterogéneas y sus resultados atribuibles no fueron significativos en el desenlace reducción de peso corporal. Se relevan resultados favorables en otras dimensiones, como la resignificación del uso de tiempo libre y el aprendizaje de hábitos saludables. Discusión: Las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional refieren protocolos de intervención heterogéneos, asociados a programas de manejo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Los estudios disponibles proporcionan evidencia limitada su efectividad, y sus potenciales desenlaces son más consistentes con dimensiones psicosociales por sobre dimensiones morfológicas como el peso corporal. Se requiere con urgencia investigación experimental que permita establecer la acción de terapia ocupacional en estos problemas de relevancia para la salud pública.

Introduction: The knowledge about the characteristics and available evidence of occupational therapy interventions in the management of obesity and overweight is scarce, with also limited scalability of occupational therapy in health policies and programs. Objective: To characterize occupational therapy interventions for the management of overweight and/or obesity. Method: Scoping Review. EBSCOhost, Embase, PubMed, PsychInfo, Scielo and Scopus databases were included, with studies published from inception to June 2020. PRISMA ScR guidelines were used. Criteria for article selection included interventions that: a) Evaluated an occupational therapy intervention in overweight and/or obesity, b) Reported quantitative results, and c) Were published in a peer-reviewed journal, d) Full text available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Results: 5 studies were included in the review. Four studies corresponded to quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest, no comparison group), and one study used a mixed-method design with a pretest-postest study adding a qualitative component. Interventions found were heterogeneous and changes were not significant for the outcome weight reduction. Significant results were found in other dimensions, such as resignification of the use of leisure time and the incorporation of healthy habits. Discussion: Occupational therapy interventions include heterogeneous protocols embedded in larger overweight and obesity management programs. Available studies provide limited evidence of their effectiveness, and their potential outcomes are more consistent with psychosocial dimensions than morphological ones, such as body weight. Experimental research is remarkably needed to establish the action of occupational therapy in these problems of public health relevance.

Variante de SARS-CoV-2 VUI 202012/01 (B-1-1-7) en paciente pediátrico, primer reporte de caso en Ecuador / SARS-CoV-2 variant VUI 202012/01 (B-1-1-7) in pediatric patient, first case report in Ecuador

Introducción: Los virus de RNA son conocidos por tener altas tasas de variabilidad genética. El SARS-CoV-2 ha producido diversas variantes en la actualidad que pueden cambiar la presentación clínica. Se presenta el primer caso clínico de la variante B.1.1.7 con estado clínico crítico en un paciente pediátrico y nos alerta sobre la vigilancia de nuevas variantes y la relación de casos críticos en pacientes pediátricos. Caso clínico: Paciente pediátrica con antecedente de parálisis cerebral infantil, atrofia subcortical severa completa, síndrome de Lennox-Gastaut y neumonía recurrente. Presentó una evolución tórpida con necesidad de terapia intensiva por SDRA en relación con la variante B 1.1.7 del SARS-CoV-2. Evolución: Inicialmente fue atendido en un hospital privado, en el cual debido al SDRA necesitó de cuidados intensivos, fue trasladado a un hospital público en el cual posterior a 38 días fue dada de alta por evolución favorable de su cuadro infeccioso. Conclusión: Las nuevas variantes de SARS-CoV-2 pueden mostrar nuevos comportamientos clínicos. A pesar de los antecedentes del paciente estudiado, no se había observado previamente una evolución clínica hacia síntomas graves en pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19. Eso podría estar relacionado con la infección por SARS-CoV-2 variante B.1.1.7 que presentó este paciente.

Introduction: RNA viruses are known to have a high genetic variability. To date, SARS-CoV-2 has produced several variants that can change the clinical presentation of COVID-19. The first clinical case of variant B.1.1.7 with a critical clinical status in a pediatric patient is presented. It indicates that surveillance of new variants and their relationship to critical cases in pediatric patients are required. Clinical case: A pediatric patient with a history of infantile cerebral palsy, complete severe subcortical atrophy, Lennox−Gastaut syndrome, and recurrent pneumonia. She had a slow evolution requiring intensive therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that was related to SARS-CoV-2 variant B 1.1.7. Evolution: Initially, she was treated at a private hospital because she required intensive care due to ARDS, and she was then transferred to a public hospital. She was discharged after 35 days due to a favorable evolution of her infectious etiology. Conclusions: New SARS-CoV-2 variants may show new clinical behaviors. Despite this patient's history, a clinical course towards severe symptoms had not been previously observed in pediatric patients with COVID-19. The severe symptoms could be related to the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 infection in this patient.

Chlorpyrifos and Dimethoate in Water and Sediments of Agricultural Drainage Ditches in Northern Sinaloa, Mexico.

In northern Sinaloa state, Mexico, little is known on organophosphate pesticide transport and fate in agricultural drainage systems. Spatial and temporal variation of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate was assessed in two agricultural drainage ditches (Buenaventura and Burrión) and risk for aquatic life was estimated. Analysis was made by high performance liquid chromatography and risk estimates were determined following international reference frameworks. In water, the highest chlorpyrifos concentration in the Buenaventura ditch was 5.49 µg L-1, and 3.43 µg L-1 in the Burrión ditch. Dimethoate was quantified only once in both ditches (0.44 µg L-1 and 0.49 µg L-1). In sediment, chlorpyrifos was quantified only in the Burrión ditch (242 µg kg-1). Chlorpyrifos concentrations surpassed water and sediment quality criteria, representing a hazard for environmental and human health, as both ditches discharge into the Gulf of California and are used for capture of commercial species such as the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and cauque prawn (Macrobrachium americanum).

Engineering P450 TamI as an Iterative Biocatalyst for Selective Late-Stage C-H Functionalization and Epoxidation of Tirandamycin Antibiotics.

Iterative P450 enzymes are powerful biocatalysts for selective late-stage C-H oxidation of complex natural product scaffolds. These enzymes represent useful tools for selectivity and cascade reactions, facilitating direct access to core structure diversification. Recently, we reported the structure of the multifunctional bacterial P450 TamI and elucidated the molecular basis of its substrate binding and strict reaction sequence at distinct carbon atoms of the substrate. Here, we report the design and characterization of a toolbox of TamI biocatalysts, generated by mutations at Leu101, Leu244, and/or Leu295, that alter the native selectivity, step sequence, and number of reactions catalyzed, including the engineering of a variant capable of catalyzing a four-step oxidative cascade without the assistance of the flavoprotein and oxidative partner TamL. The tuned enzymes override inherent substrate reactivity, enabling catalyst-controlled C-H functionalization and alkene epoxidation of the tetramic acid-containing natural product tirandamycin. Five bioactive tirandamycin derivatives (6-10) were generated through TamI-mediated enzymatic synthesis. Quantum mechanics calculations and MD simulations provide important insights into the basis of altered selectivity and underlying biocatalytic mechanisms for enhanced continuous oxidation of the iterative P450 TamI.

Molecular Basis of Iterative C─H Oxidation by TamI, a Multifunctional P450 monooxygenase from the Tirandamycin Biosynthetic Pathway.

Biocatalysis offers an expanding and powerful strategy to construct and diversify complex molecules by C─H bond functionalization. Due to their high selectivity, enzymes have become an essential tool for C─H bond functionalization and offer complementary reactivity to small-molecule catalysts. Hemoproteins, particularly cytochromes P450, have proven effective for selective oxidation of unactivated C─H bonds. Previously, we reported the in vitro characterization of an oxidative tailoring cascade in which TamI, a multifunctional P450 functions co-dependently with the TamL flavoprotein to catalyze regio- and stereoselective hydroxylations and epoxidation to yield tirandamycin A and tirandamycin B. TamI follows a defined order including 1) C10 hydroxylation, 2) C11/C12 epoxidation, and 3) C18 hydroxylation. Here we present a structural, biochemical, and computational investigation of TamI to understand the molecular basis of its substrate binding, diverse reactivity, and specific reaction sequence. The crystal structure of TamI in complex with tirandamycin C together with molecular dynamics simulations and targeted mutagenesis suggest that hydrophobic interactions with the polyene chain of its natural substrate are critical for molecular recognition. QM calculations and molecular dynamics simulations of TamI with variant substrates provided detailed information on the molecular basis of sequential reactivity, and pattern of regio- and stereo-selectivity in catalyzing the three-step oxidative cascade.

Aclaramiento Dental con Enjuagues de Libre Venta que Contienen Peróxido de Hidrógeno / Toothbleaching with over the Counter Mouthwashes Containing Hydrogen Peroxide

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue evaluar la eficacia en el aclaramiento dental de tres enjuagues orales que contienen peróxido de hidrógeno en diferentes períodos de inmersión en comparación con el peróxido de carbamida al 10 %. Cuarenta muestras de premolares humanos se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos según el agente al que se expuso: G1: Colgate Plax®Whitening, G2: Listerine®Whitening Extreme y G3: Oral B® 3D White™ se sumergieron dos minutos al día durante 28 días y G4: Peróxido de carbamida al 10 %, ocho horas al día durante 14 días. La medición de color se realizó con un espectrofotómetro Vita Easyshade usando la escala CIELab inicialmente, a los 14, 28 y 35 días de evaluación. Las comparaciones entre los grupos se realizaron utilizando las pruebas Kruskal-Wallis y U Mann-Whitney, mientras que entre los tiempos las pruebas Friedman y Signo-Rango de Wilcoxon. Los resultados revelaron que a los 14 días, los cuatro grupos mostraron cambios de color, pero no se evidenció mayor eficacia de alguno sobre el otro (p>0,05). Sin embargo, a los 28 y 35 días se observó una clara eficacia del peróxido de carbamida sobre los enjuagues (p<0,05). Los enjuagatorios orales aclaran los dientes a partir de los 28 días, con los protocolos indicados; sin embargo no llegan a tener resultados similares a un aclaramiento profesional con gel de peróxido de carbamida al 10 %.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy in dental toothbleaching of three mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide in different periods of immersion compared to 10 % carbamide peroxide. Forty samples of human premolars were randomly divided into four groups according to the agent to which they were exposed: G1: Colgate Plax®Whitening, G2: Listerine®Whitening Extreme and G3: Oral B® 3D White ™ were immersed two minutes a day during 28 days and G4: 10 % carbamide peroxide, eight hours a day for 14 days. The color measurement was performed with a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer using the CIELab scale initially, at 14, 28 and 35 days of evaluation. The comparisons between the groups were made using the Kruskal-Wallis and U Mann-Whitney tests. While between the times the tests Friedman and Sign-Range of Wilcoxon. The results revealed that at 14 days, the four groups showed color changes, but no greater effectiveness was shown of one over the other (p>0,05). However, at 28 and 35 days a clear efficacy of carbamide peroxide was observed on the rinses (p<0,05). Mouthwashes clear the teeth after 28 days, with the indicated protocols; however, they do not reach similar results to a professional clarification with 10 % carbamide peroxide gel.

[Cross-cultural adaptation of the KIDSCREEN questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life in the 8 to18 year-old Mexican population]. / Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario KIDSCREEN para medir calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población mexicana de 8 a 18 años.

The scope of this study was to develop the culturally-adapted version of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire for Mexican adolescents aged 8 to 18, and to analyze its reliability and validity. A translation and back translation was carried out from English to Spanish and vice versa. Cognitive interviews were conducted and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the content validity of the questionnaire. Based on previous studies (i.e. the Argentinian version) mean scores of dimensions were compared to assess construct validity. Reliability was also analyzed. The results showed that the content validity of the version retained the original concepts, duly adapted to the Mexican culture and language. The AFC confirmed the structure of the 10 original dimensions. Two scales achieved the ceiling effect. The instrument's internal consistency was acceptable (ranged from 0.5 to 0.86), and reproducibility obtained low coefficients in 5 dimensions (0.22 to 0.78). The Mexican KIDSCREEN-52 version is equivalent to the original in terms of content, structure, and construct validity. The conclusion was that theKIDSCREEN -52 tool is suitable for application in the Mexican population aged 8 to 18. Further studies are needed to explore its application in clinical settings.

Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario KIDSCREEN para medir calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en población mexicana de 8 a 18 años / Cross-cultural adaptation of the KIDSCREEN questionnaire to measure health-related quality of life in the 8 to18 year-old Mexican population

Con el objeto de adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 a adolescentes mexicanos de 8 a 18 años, y analizar su fiabilidad y validez, se realizó la traducción del cuestionario del inglés al español y una retro traducción. Se realizaron entrevistas cognitivas y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) para verificar la validez del contenido del cuestionario. Se compararon las puntuaciones de las dimensiones siguiendo los mismos criterios que en otras versiones (ej. Argentina) para analizar la validez de constructo, y se verificó la fiabilidad. La validez del contenido mantuvo las características del cuestionario original. El AFC confirmó la estructura de las 10 dimensiones originales. Dos escalas mostraron efecto techo. La consistencia interna del instrumento fue aceptable (rango 0,5-0,86) y la reproducibilidad obtuvo coeficientes bajos en 5 dimensiones (0,22-0,78). La versión mexicana del cuestionario KIDSCREEN-52 es equivalente al original en términos de contenido, estructura, y validez de constructo. En conclusión, el instrumento KIDSCREEN-52 es adecuado para aplicarse en población mexicana de estudiantes de 8 a 18 años. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para explorar su aplicación en contextos clínicos.

The scope of this study was to develop the culturally-adapted version of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire for Mexican adolescents aged 8 to 18, and to analyze its reliability and validity. A translation and back translation was carried out from English to Spanish and vice versa. Cognitive interviews were conducted and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify the content validity of the questionnaire. Based on previous studies (i.e. the Argentinian version) mean scores of dimensions were compared to assess construct validity. Reliability was also analyzed. The results showed that the content validity of the version retained the original concepts, duly adapted to the Mexican culture and language. The AFC confirmed the structure of the 10 original dimensions. Two scales achieved the ceiling effect. The instrument's internal consistency was acceptable (ranged from 0.5 to 0.86), and reproducibility obtained low coefficients in 5 dimensions (0.22 to 0.78). The Mexican KIDSCREEN-52 version is equivalent to the original in terms of content, structure, and construct validity. The conclusion was that theKIDSCREEN -52 tool is suitable for application in the Mexican population aged 8 to 18. Further studies are needed to explore its application in clinical settings.

Sobrepeso medido por IMC o percibido y comportamientos de control del peso en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México

El objetivo fue evaluar las asociaciones entre comportamientos de control de peso y sobrepeso medido por IMC, sobrepeso percibido o percepción errónea del peso en adolescentes por género. Participaron 492 adolescentes universitarios de 17 a 19 años de edad. Se utilizó un cuestionario auto aplicado en línea y se midió peso y estatura. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron kappa ponderada y regresión logística multivariada. La concordancia entre el peso percibido y el medido por IMC fue 78.7% y la kappa ponderada=0.62. Los adolescentes que percibieron sobrepeso intentaron con más frecuencia bajar de peso, hacer ejercicio y comer menos alimentos que los que tenían sobrepeso medido por IMC. Una cuarta parte intentó bajarlo aún sin percibir o tener sobrepeso real. La posibilidad de tratar de bajar de peso fue mayor en hombres y mujeres con sobrepeso percibido (RM=18.7, IC 95% 6.3-55.3 y RM=10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2 respectivamente) y en mujeres que sobrestimaron el peso corporal (RM =6.0, IC 95% 2.8- 12.7). Hubo menos posibilidad de tratar de bajar peso cuando se subestimó el peso en hombres (RM = 0.03, IC 95% 0.01-0.12) y mujeres (RM=0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). En conclusión, el comportamiento de bajar de peso se explica mejor en adolescentes en ambos géneros que percibían sobre peso y en mujeres que lo sobre estimaban, mientras que los hombres intentaron menos bajarlo si subestimaban su peso.

Perceived or BMI-measured overweight and weight controlbehaviors in undergraduate adolescents from Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México. The aim was to evaluate associations between weight control behaviorsand overweight measured by BMI, overweight perception or inaccurate weight perception. 492 undergraduate adolescents from 17 to 19 years old participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire on line was applied and weight and height were measured. Statistical analysis included weighted kappa and multivariate logistic regression. The concordance between weight perception and that evaluated by BMI was 78.7%, weight kappa = 0.62. Adolescents who perceived overweight tried to lose weight, exercised and ate less food more frequently than those who were overweight evaluated by BMI. A quarter tried to lose weight eventhough they did not perceive or were actually overweight.The odds of trying to lose weight were higher in men and women who perceived overweight (OR = 18.7,CI 95% 6.3-55.3and OR = 10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2, respectively) andwomen who overestimated overweight (OR = 6.0, CI 95% 2.8-12.7).The odds of tying to lose weight when weight was underestimated were less in men (OR = 0.03, CI 95% 0.01-0.12) and women (OR = 0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). In conclusion the behavior of trying to lose weight was better explained among adolescents of both genders who perceived overweight and among girls who overestimated it.

[Perceived or BMI-measured overweight and weight control behaviors in undergraduate adolescents from Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México]. / Sobrepeso medido por IMC o percibido y comportamientos de control del peso en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.

The aim was to evaluate associations between weight control behaviors and overweight measured by BMI, overweight perception or inaccurate weight perception. 492 undergraduate adolescents from 17 to 19 years old participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire on line was applied and weight and height were measured. Statistical analysis included weighted kappa and multivariate logistic regression. The concordance between weight perception and that evaluated by BMI was 78.7%, weight kappa = 0.62. Adolescents who perceived overweight tried to lose weight, exercised and ate less food more frequently than those who were overweight evaluated by BMI. A quarter tried to lose weight eventhough they did not perceive or were actually overweight. The odds of trying to lose weight were higher in men and women who perceived overweight (OR = 18.7, CI 95% 6.3-55.3 and OR = 10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2, respectively) andwomen who overestimated overweight (OR = 6.0, CI 95% 2.8-12.7). The odds of tying to lose weight when weight was underestimated were less in men (OR = 0.03, CI 95% 0.01-0.12) and women (OR = 0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). In conclusion the behavior of trying to lose weight was better explained among adolescents of both genders who perceived overweight and among girls who overestimated it.

[Residential typologies in Chilean irregular settlements with precarious housing conditions]. / Tipologías residenciales en comunidades chilenas en condiciones de precariedad habitacional.

OBJECTIVE: To identify residential parameters that characterize the physical and social environment in Chile's irregular settlements, and to construct typologies that will allow to develop profiles with those distinctive residential attributes. METHODS: The study examined the universe of irregular settlements (n = 122) in Chile's Metropolitan Region, based on the 2007 national inventory of irregular settlements conducted by the "Un Techo para Chile" foundation. Information about the communities and their locations was obtained from key informants, and these variables were modeled using factor analysis to identify residential parameters, which were then refined by k-means clustering. RESULTS: The factor analysis pointed to three underlying parameters: local social response, the environment beyond the community, and basic services. The key variables shaping these categories were the existence of housing projects, the urban area involved, and access to electricity. The cluster analysis generated four profiles that combined the three parameters: an urban profile with relatively reliable basic services (n = 30), an urban-rural profile with high potential for local social response (n = 32), an urban profile with a high level of environmental threat (n = 43), and a rural profile with low potential for local social response (n = 17). CONCLUSIONS: The residential parameters formed are consistent with the revised theoretical model and suggest relevant indicators for monitoring these communities. Definition of the profiles facilitates assessment of the heterogeneity of residential situations, which helps in the prioritization of areas with deficits or risks that may be present in each cluster. This, in turn, opens the door to further investigation and to exploring opportunities for action.

[Quality of life according to self-perceived weight, weight control behaviors, and gender among adolescent university students in Mexico]. / Calidad de vida, según percepción y comportamientos de control del peso por género, en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes en México.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyze quality of life (QoL) according to self-perceived weight and weight control behaviors, by gender. The sample consisted of 2,401 adolescent students (17-19 years of age) enrolled from 2007 to 2009 at a Mexican university; 61.9% were women, 19.4% worked, and 99.2% were single. An online self-administered questionnaire was used that included the perceptual module of the YQOL-R and seven items on body weight, adapted from YRBS 2007. RESULTS: 52% of women and 31.7% of men were attempting to lose weight. The highest QoL scores were in students who felt they were near the right weight, those who were attempting to maintain the same weight, and those who exercised. Lowest QoL was reported by those who considered themselves overweight, were trying to lose weight, were eating less, were skipping meals, or were using unsupervised dieting, vomiting, or laxatives. In women, QoL differed between those maintaining the same weight, gaining weight, and losing weight, while QoL in men only differed for those attempting to gain weight. The findings could be useful in educational processes, preventive programs, and assessment of interventions.

Calidad de vida, según percepción y comportamientos de control del peso por género, en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes en México / Quality of life according to self-perceived weight, weight control behaviors, and gender among adolescent university students in Mexico

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la calidad de vida (CV), según auto percepción del peso corporal y comportamientos de control de peso, por género, en 2.401 estudiantes de 17 a 19 años de primer ingreso en un centro universitario en México del 2007 al 2009; 61,9 por ciento mujeres, 80,6 por ciento no trabajaban y 99,2 por ciento solteros. Se auto administró en línea un cuestionario genérico de CV (YQOL-R) módulo perceptual, y siete ítems acerca del peso adaptados del YRBS 2007. Se observó que un 52 por ciento de mujeres y un 31,7 por ciento de hombres trataba de bajar de peso. CV más alta para peso cercano al correcto, quienes trataban de mantenerse en su peso y los que hacían ejercicio; CV más baja para quienes reportaron mucho sobrepeso, mujeres que trataban de bajar de peso, comían menos, dejaban de comer, hacían dieta sin supervisión, vomitaban o tomaban laxantes. En mujeres la CV fue diferente si trataban de mantenerse, subir o bajar de peso; en hombres sólo al tratar de subir. Esta información puede ser de utilidad para procesos educativos, programas de prevención y para evaluar las intervenciones.

The aim of this study was to analyze quality of life (QoL) according to self-perceived weight and weight control behaviors, by gender. The sample consisted of 2,401 adolescent students (17-19 years of age) enrolled from 2007 to 2009 at a Mexican university; 61.9 percent were women, 19.4 percent worked, and 99.2 percent were single. An online self-administered questionnaire was used that included the perceptual module of the YQOL-R and seven items on body weight, adapted from YRBS 2007. RESULTS: 52 percent of women and 31.7 percent of men were attempting to lose weight. The highest QoL scores were in students who felt they were near the right weight, those who were attempting to maintain the same weight, and those who exercised. Lowest QoL was reported by those who considered themselves overweight, were trying to lose weight, were eating less, were skipping meals, or were using unsupervised dieting, vomiting, or laxatives. In women, QoL differed between those maintaining the same weight, gaining weight, and losing weight, while QoL in men only differed for those attempting to gain weight. The findings could be useful in educational processes, preventive programs, and assessment of interventions.

Tipologías residenciales en comunidades chilenas en condiciones de precariedad habitacional / Residential typologies in Chilean irregular settlements with precarious housing conditions

OBJETIVO: Identificar dimensiones residenciales que caractericen el ambiente físico y social en los campamentos de Chile y construir tipologías que permitan elaborar perfiles con esos atributos residenciales distintivos. MÉTODOS: Se estudió el universo de campamentos (n = 122) de la Región Metropolitana (Chile) a partir del Catastro Nacional de Campamentos realizado por la fundación "Un Techo para Chile" en 2007. Se recolectó información proveniente de informantes clave sobre las comunidades y los lugares de emplazamiento, variables que fueron modeladas empleando un análisis factorial para identificar dimensiones residenciales, las que a su vez fueron refinadas con la técnica de agrupamientos de k-medias. RESULTADOS: El análisis factorial destacó tres dimensiones subyacentes: respuesta social local, ambiente extracomunitario y servicios básicos. Las variables centrales en la formación de esas categorías fueron la existencia de proyectos habitacionales, el área urbana y el acceso a electricidad, respectivamente. El análisis de agrupamientos generó cuatro perfiles que combinaron las tres dimensiones: perfil urbano con baja precariedad de servicios básicos (n = 30), perfil urbano-rural con alto potencial de respuesta social local (n = 32), perfil urbano con alta amenaza ambiental (n = 43) y perfil rural con bajo potencial de respuesta social local (n = 17). CONCLUSIONES: Las dimensiones residenciales formadas son consistentes con el modelo teórico revisado y sugieren indicadores relevantes para el seguimiento de estas comunidades. La identificación de perfiles permite dimensionar la heterogeneidad de realidades residenciales contribuyendo a la priorización de dominios de déficit o riesgos que pueden estar presentes en cada grupo, para con ello profundizar en su investigación y oportunidades de acción.

OBJECTIVE: To identify residential parameters that characterize the physical and social environment in Chile's irregular settlements, and to construct typologies that will allow to develop profiles with those distinctive residential attributes. METHODS: The study examined the universe of irregular settlements (n = 122) in Chile's Metropolitan Region, based on the 2007 national inventory of irregular settlements conducted by the "Un Techo para Chile" foundation. Information about the communities and their locations was obtained from key informants, and these variables were modeled using factor analysis to identify residential parameters, which were then refined by k-means clustering. RESULTS: The factor analysis pointed to three underlying parameters: local social response, the environment beyond the community, and basic services. The key variables shaping these categories were the existence of housing projects, the urban area involved, and access to electricity. The cluster analysis generated four profiles that combined the three parameters: an urban profile with relatively reliable basic services (n = 30), an urban-rural profile with high potential for local social response (n = 32), an urban profile with a high level of environmental threat (n = 43), and a rural profile with low potential for local social response (n = 17). CONCLUSIONS: The residential parameters formed are consistent with the revised theoretical model and suggest relevant indicators for monitoring these communities. Definition of the profiles facilitates assessment of the heterogeneity of residential situations, which helps in the prioritization of areas with deficits or risks that may be present in each cluster. This, in turn, opens the door to further investigation and to exploring opportunities for action.