ABSTRACT
Abstract: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass leth lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17<Pro B). There was a difference in group squat jump performance (Pro A> U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player's professional levels.
Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento muscular mecánico y funcional de tres equipos de fútbol competitivos diferentes de la liga profesional de Costa Rica (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Edad 20.09 ± 4.32 años, ; masa corporal 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, ; altura 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; porcentaje de grasa 13.9 ± 5.06 %; masa magra 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; masa magra extremidad inferior derecha 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; masa magra izquierda miembro inferior izquierdo 10.09 ± 0,92 kg. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tiempo de contracción muscular, desplazamiento radial del músculo, tiempo de retraso, salto en cuclillas y salto de contraataque. Los dispositivos utilizados fueron la absorciometría de doble rayo, la tensiomiografía y la plataforma de salto. Se encontraron diferencias en la masa corporal y la grasa. % (Pro A < U17 < Pro B). Hubo diferencias en el rendimiento del salto en sentadilla por grupos (Pro A > U17). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de contracción muscular, el tiempo de retraso o la deformación radial. El conocimiento de las diferencias en Ttanto en el rendimiento funcional como en el mecánico del músculo podría conducir a nuevos métodos y protocolos de entrenamiento y recuperación considerando los niveles profesionales del jugador.
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho mecânico e funcional de três diferentes equipes de futebol competitivas da liga profissional costarriquenha (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Idade 20,09 ± 4,32 anos, massa corporal 70,85 ± 7,45 kg, altura 174,56 ± 4,97 cm; percentual de gordura 13,9 ± 5,06%; massa magra 57,90 ± 4,88 kg; massa magra extremidade inferior direita 10,11 ± 0,87 kg; massa magra membro inferior esquerdo 10,09 ± 0,92 kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram: tempo de contração muscular, deslocamento radial do músculo, tempo de atraso, salto de cócoras e contra salto. Os dispositivos utilizados foram a absorciometria por raios-X com dupla energia, a tensiomiografia e a plataforma de salto. Foram encontradas diferenças na massa corporal e na gordura. % (Pro A <U17 <Pro B). Houve diferenças no desempenho do salto de agachamento por grupo (Pro A> U17). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no tempo de contração muscular, tempo de atraso ou deformação radial. O conhecimento das diferenças tanto no desempenho muscular funcional quanto mecânico poderia levar a novos métodos e protocolos de treinamento e recuperação, considerando os níveis profissionais do jogador.
ABSTRACT
Resumen La pandemia mundial producto del coronavirus que causa la enfermedad (COVID-19) ha ocasionado un gran impacto a nivel mundial y en los programas de rehabilitación cardíaca tradicional (RCT). En la actualidad, se debe promover que los pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) se mantengan haciendo ejercicio físico a pesar de la pandemia. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica sobre rehabilitación cardíaca domiciliar (RCD) y RCT en la seguridad del paciente y su eficacia en la mejora del volumen de oxígeno máximo (VO2máx) y capacidad funcional en pacientes con ECV. Metodología: Se desarrolló mediante los lineamientos PRISMA. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos: "PubMed", "ScienceDirect", "Academic Search Ultimate" y "SportDiscus". Se utilizó el término de búsqueda: ("heart disease" OR "cardiac disease" OR "coronary artery disease" OR "heart failure") AND ("cardiac rehabilitation" OR "center based" OR "exercise" OR "training") AND ("home based" OR "home training" OR "home exercise") NOT ("animal"). Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 1516 estudios de los cuales se incluyeron 21 artículos. La muestra fue de 1316 pacientes con ECV. Existe una prevalencia de eventos adversos de 3.8% en la RCD y de 4.3% en RCT. El VO2máx aumentó entre 4.1% a 39.6% utilizando la RCD y entre 4% y 54.1% con RCT. La capacidad funcional incrementó entre 3.0% y 11.7% con RCD y entre 4.9% y 11.8% con RCT. Conclusiones: Los programas de RCD son tan seguros y eficaces como los programas de RCT manifestando incrementos similares en el VO2máx y la capacidad funcional.
Abstract Home cardiac rehabilitation as an alternative in times of pandemic: a systematic review The worldwide pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has produced global health, economic and social impact, as well in traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be encouraged to keep doing exercise, despite the pandemic. Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on home-based CR (HBCR) and traditional CR (TRC) in patient safety and its efficacy in improving the maximum oxygen volume (VO2max) and functional capacity in patients with CVD. Methods: This systematic review was developed through PRISMA agreements. The scientific articles were searched using the electronic databases: "PubMed", "ScienceDirect", "Academic Search Ultimate" and "SportDiscus". Two search terms or Boolean phrase were used: ("heart disease" OR "cardiac diseases" OR "coronary artery disease" OR "heart failure") AND ("cardiac rehabilitation" OR "center-based" OR "exercise" OR "training") AND ("home-based" OR "home training" OR "home exercise") NOT ("animal"). Results: A total of 1516 studies were reviewed where 21 articles were included and 1316 patients with CVD that met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of adverse events was 3.8% in HCR and 4.3% in TCR. VO2max increased from 4.1% to 39.6% with HCR and between 4.0% to 54.1% with TCR. Functional capacity increased between 3.0% to 11.7% with HCR and between 4.9% and 11.8% withTCR. Conclusions: This scientific evidence shows that HBCR programs are as safe and effective as TCR programs providing similar improving effects on increasing VO2max and functional capacity and offering a great exercise alternative during the COVID-19 pandemic.
