ABSTRACT
Objectif : Rechercher les donnees preliminaires sur les lymphangiomes au Cameroun; leurs topographies ainsi que leurs formes histologiques dans le but d'ameliorer le diagnostic et les modalitestherapeutiques de ces lesions. Materiel et methode : Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective; observationnelle et descriptive.Les patients ayant presente des lymphangiomes documentes par un rapport anatomopathologique ont ete recrutes consecutivement dans tous les laboratoires d'anatomie pathologique du Cameroun sur une periode de 06 ans; de 2004 a 2009. Les coupes histologiques colorees a l' hematoxyline-eosine ont ete revues pour confirmation diagnostique de differents types. Resultats : Douze cas ont ete recrutes. La moitie de ces cas provenait des malades originaires de la region de l'ouest du Cameroun. Le lymphangiome touchait le plus souvent l'enfant age de 1 a 5 ans avec predominance du type hygrome kystique. Les localisations les plus courantes etaient axillaires; cervicales et viscerales. Conclusion : Le lymphangiome constitueun desdiagnostics differentiels important de toute masse survenant chez les patients; en particulier chez les enfants ages de 1 a 5 ans.L'anatomie pathologique est d'une aide dans le diagnostic et la typisation
Subject(s)
Lymphangioma , Lymphangioma/diagnosis , Lymphangioma/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study were to recruit and present epidemiological, clinical, histological and therapeutic aspects of primary lymphomas of the urogenital tract in Cameroon. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a retrospective study over a 10-year period (1999-2008) done on clinical records of the Urological Unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital. From these records, we noted the age and the sex of the patients, their clinical presentation and histological aspect. The patients were treated by surgical resection and chemotherapy. RESULTS: Twenty cases were recruited between this period of the study. The age of the patients varied from 6 to 60 years with a mean age of 35 years. There were 19 men and one woman. Eighteen cases involved the testis, one case the kidney and one penile involvement. On histology, there were 19 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma and one case of large B cell lymphoma involving the penis. Three patients had positive syphilis serology and two other were HIV positive. All the patients in this series had a complete remission after treatment but the tumour recurs after 6 to 9 months. CONCLUSION: Burkitt's lymphoma is the first malignant tumour of the testis in Cameroonian. Unfortunately, patients consult late, there are no supports for the treatment and this will lead to a poor prognosis.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma , Urogenital Neoplasms , Adolescent , Adult , Cameroon , Child , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Lymphoma/therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Urogenital Neoplasms/diagnosis , Urogenital Neoplasms/therapy , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe methods used for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma inYaoundé, Cameroon. This retrospective study was based on analysis of the charts of patients treated in the surgical department of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital from 1985 to 2009. Nine patients with histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma were identified. There were 8 women and 1 man with a mean age of 39.5 years (range, 12 and 66). Pheochromocytoma was associated with hypertension in 6 cases. In two women with hypertension, diagnosis was based on palpation of an abdominal tumor after caesarean section following pregnancy associated with arterial hypertension. In another woman, diagnosis was made during laparotomy for a left hypochondrial tumor. In 7 patients, diagnosis was based on laboratory findings showing high urinary levels of vanyl mandelic acid (VMA). In six patients, ultrasound examination allowed topographic diagnosis that was confirmed by CT-scan in 3 cases. Two patients presented extra-renal pheochromocytomas in the abdomen. In three patients, i.e., one third of cases, histology showed malignant features. The findings of this study indicated that diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in Yaoundé be improved with the introduction MRI, scintigraphy, and modern techniques for assaying urinary methoxyderivates.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/urine , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/urine , Child , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Pheochromocytoma/urine , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Treatment Outcome , Vanilmandelic Acid/urineABSTRACT
Le cancer du sein du sujet age de moins de 40 ans represente un probleme rare. Nous avons realise une analyse retrospective sur 133 patients qui nous a permis de montrer la place de ce cancer dans cette tranche d'ages. Nous avons ainsi recense 34;5de cas par rapport a l'ensemble des cancers du sein a l'hopital de Yaounde. Un antecedent familial de cancer et la multiparite ont ete les facteurs de risque les plus retrouves; respectivement 11 et 9 sur 32. Au moment du diagnostic la majorite des malades etaient au stade metastatique. Ce travail considere preliminaire nous a permis d'avoir une idee sur le profil de la camerounaise jeune atteinte du cancer du sein
Subject(s)
Adult , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Cameroon , WomenABSTRACT
While in the United States and northern Europe, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) appears to be mainly sexually transmitted with primary infection occurring in adulthood, the modes of transmission remain unknown in East and Central Africa, where Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a long-standing endemic disease, occurring not only in adults but also in children. The aim of our present study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 infection in children from Yaounde, Cameroon, Central Africa. Specific antibodies directed against both latent and lytic HHV-8 antigens were detected and titrated, with an immunofluorescence assay using the KS-1 cell line, in the plasma of 258 children and adolescents, of 32 mother and child pairs and of 189 pregnant women. Two different HHV-8 DNA-specific sequences were searched in the buffy coat by PCR assays. The overall HHV-8 seroprevalence was 27.5% among these children and adolescents. In newborns, seroprevalence reached 46%, reflecting passive transmission of maternal IgG. This was followed by a marked drop. Then, beginning around 4 years of age, a regular increase of HHV-8 antibodies took place, reaching 39% in the 12- to 14-year age group and 48% above 15 years, a rate similar (54.5%) to that observed in pregnant women. PCR detection of HHV-8 sequences was negative in seronegative children and positive in the buffy coat in 17% of HHV-8-seropositive children, reflecting a low viral load in the peripheral blood. Our results establish that in Central Africa HHV-8 infection takes place during childhood by casual routes, in contrast to the sexual transmission observed in adults in northern Europe and the United States. We hypothesize that the lymphadenopathic form of KS seen in African children is related to an early and massive infection by HHV-8 in susceptible individuals.
Subject(s)
Herpesvirus 8, Human , Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Cameroon/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
This paper reports the malignant transformation of a benign pancreatic cyst treated by internal drainage in a 30-year-old woman. The initial lesion was diagnosed on surgical biopsy of the cyst wall. The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was made after one year of satisfactory course, by fine needle cytologic aspiration of the fibrous retraction of the cyst; at that time the patient had severe pancreatic pain with multinodular liver on ultrasonography. The conclusion is the recommendation of total excision of pancreatic cysts whenever the diagnosis is incomplete or imprecise.
Subject(s)
Cystadenoma/etiology , Pancreatic Cyst/complications , Pancreatic Neoplasms/etiology , Adult , Cystadenoma/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Pancreatic Cyst/surgery , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
To determine and compare the efficacy of pleural fluid cytology and closed needle biopsy of the pleura in establishing the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions in Yaounde, we reviewed the medical records of all consecutive patients with a pleural effusion admitted in unit B of the Chest Clinic of the Jamot Hospital between January 1990 and December 1994. Fifty four cases of malignant pleural effusion were diagnosed over this period. Closed needle biopsy of the pleura alone permitted a diagnosis of malignancy involving the pleura in 32 instances while cytological studies of pleural fluid provided a diagnosis in thirty six cases. A combination of both techniques was diagnostic in 48 (88.9%) patients. We recommend that both pleural fluid cytology and closed needle biopsy of the pleura be used concomitantly in the evaluation of pleural effusion for which malignancy is suspected.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle/standards , Cytological Techniques/standards , Pleural Effusion, Malignant/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cameroon , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate endoscopically and histologically rectal mucosa complications in bilharzia patients. Coprology using KATO's technique was carried out in 1406 school children aged 4 to 18 years. 134 (9.53%) were infested. Among the infested school children and the sample population, a random selection of 80 school children (40 infested and 40 of sample population) was made, in whom rectoscopy and biopsy of rectal mucosa were carried out. The lesions found were classified on endoscopic and histologic basis. The prevalence of the disease 9.53% appears to be in constant regression. Inflammatory lesions are more common in bilharzia patients. Histology facilitated the unveiling of a specific rectitis in 72.5% bilharzia patients and 12.5% of the sample population. This study confirm the effectiveness of the several bilharzia eradication campaigns carried out in the Nkolbisson area. Rectoscopy with biopsy of the rectal mucosa should be reserved to symptomatic patients, in whom many coprologies have turned out negative.
Subject(s)
Population Surveillance/methods , Proctitis/diagnosis , Proctitis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Adolescent , Biopsy , Cameroon/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Medical History Taking , Physical Examination , Prevalence , Proctitis/complications , Proctitis/pathology , Proctitis/prevention & control , Proctoscopy/methods , Random Allocation , Sampling Studies , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control , SchoolsABSTRACT
The authors report their experience of the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using needle aspiration cytology over a four year period (1989-1992). In 116 of the 119 patients presenting with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma, the diagnosis was previously established by cytology. This method has a 97% sensitivity. Also, in forty patients without hepatocellular carcinoma, previous cytology did not detect any carcinomatous cells and therefore recorded a 100% specificity. Thus, cytologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is possible. In countries with limited resources in which this carcinoma is widespread, needle aspiration cytology needs to be well known and used.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle/methods , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cameroon , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hemangiosarcoma/pathology , Humans , Infant , Liver Abscess/pathology , Liver Abscess, Amebic/pathology , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Lymphoma/pathology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
This study confirms the efficiency of bilharzia eradication campaigns at Nkolbisson. The authors recommend rectal mucosa biopsy of symptomatic patients in whom several investigations have turned out negative.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Proctoscopy/methods , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/prevention & control , Adolescent , Biopsy , Cameroon/epidemiology , Child , Feces/parasitology , Female , Humans , Male , Morbidity , Prevalence , Program Evaluation , Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The authors report their experience on diagnosis of maxillo-facial Burkitt's lymphoma using needle aspiration and cytology. In all the 21 patients presenting a histological proved Burkitt's lymphoma, the diagnosis was done before with cytology. This method has a 100% sensibility. Thus, cytologic diagnosis of maxillo-facial Burkitt's lymphoma is very reliable. In tropical areas with little revenues and where Burkitt's lymphoma is frequent, needle aspiration and cytology need to be well known and used.
Subject(s)
Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology , Facial Neoplasms/pathology , Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Biopsy, Needle , Cameroon , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
From 1986 to 1991, about 1,000 cases of cancers were diagnosed histologically every year in Cameroon. During this period, investigations showed that only 1 cancer out of 10 is diagnosed histologically. Thus, nearly 10,000 new cases of cancers are expected yearly in Cameroon where a population of 12,000,000 inhabitants is found leading to an incidence of about 100/100,000. Forty-nine percent of patients are female and 51% males. Twelve per cent of patients are less than 20 years old and 60% are between 40 and 70 years. Liver cancer is at the top of the list of cancers, representing 20%, followed by skin cancer (15%), breast cancer (11%) and cancer of the cervix (11%). For men, liver cancer is the most frequent, while cancers of the breast and uterine cervix predominate in women.
Subject(s)
Health Surveys , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cameroon/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Neoplasms/diagnosisABSTRACT
Only seventy cases of Hodgkin's disease were reported in Cameroon over a twelve-year period (1979-1989), which represents about six cases a year. Hodgkin's disease therefore seems to be rare in Cameroon where it will be useful to follow its epidemiological course. At the present time, 81.5% of patients are male and children aged 10 to 19 are mostly affected. Type I (lymphocytic predominance) is the more frequent, representing 40% of cases. Biopsy leading to the diagnosis is mainly performed on cervical lymph nodes (58% of cases).
