Evaluation of the water quality and the eutrophication risk in Ramsar site on Moroccan northern Mediterranean (Marchica lagoon): A multivariate statistical approach.

This study aimed to assess the extent of eutrophication in the Marchica lagoon, using the trophic index (TRIX), trophic status index (TSI) and Redfield ratio (N/P). Seawater samples were collected monthly from March 2018 to February 2019 from ten locations in the lagoon. The TRIX index ranged from 1.25 to 8.87, indicating oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. TSI values ranged from 28.4 to 65.1, indicating ultraoligotrophic to supereutrophic seawater. The Redfield ratio consistently showed N/P values below 16, designating phosphorus as the limiting factor for algal growth. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed distinct coastal water masses based on seasons and sampling regions. Given these findings, urgent conservation and management measures are recommended to address the eutrophication issues threatening the delicate balance of the Marchica lagoon.

The North-East Moroccan physicians' management of menopause: Prescription vs. nonprescription of hormonal treatment.

This study examined the management of North-East Moroccan physicians of menopause. The poll was carried out on a representative sample of physicians in the Nador region. The sample included gynecologists and general practitioner physicians in both public and private medical sectors. The survey contained focused and open-ended questions on the good knowledge or not of physicians about menopause, their patient population, their prescribing practices, their perceptions, and the different medical approaches to managing the symptoms of menopause. Among the general practitioners interviewed, only 16% of physicians are very knowledgeable about the management of menopause and only 3 physicians have followed continuous training. The others have mainly acquired their information from the internet, medical journals, and scientific magazines. Only one-third of physicians interviewed prescribe menopausal hormonal treatment in this region. The treatment is mainly prescribed to cope with hot flashes (97.1%) and menstrual cycle disruption (85.7%). Others are in favor of non-hormonal treatments and advise women to change their bad daily habits to relieve symptoms. In this region of Morocco, hormonal treatment for menopause is not very common and the majority of general practitioners are not familiar with menopause.