Comportamiento de las discapacidades en el Consejo Popular Hermanos Barcón, septiembre - diciembre de 2020 / Behavior of disabilities at Hermanos Barcon People's Council, September-December 2020

RESUMEN Introducción: las discapacidades constituyen un importante problema de salud y social a nivel mundial. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de las discapacidades en el Consejo Popular Hermanos Barcón de Pinar del Río de septiembre a diciembre del 2020. Métodos: se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, descriptiva y transversal. El universo lo integraron las 479 personas con discapacidades, se investigó a la totalidad de los mismos. La información se obtuvo de las historias de salud familiar e individuales de los consultorios médicos. Se realizó un análisis univariado de las variables con el empleo de la estadística descriptiva y se estimaron las tasas de prevalencia de discapacidades general, por grupos de edades, sexo y de cada una de las discapacidades. Se calcularon intervalos de confianza de 95 % de confiabilidad para las respectivas tasas y se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y los porcentajes. Resultados: se encontró una tasa de prevalencia global de las discapacidades de 3,9 por cada 100 habitantes, prealeció en el grupo de 60 años y más con 8,7 y en el sexo masculino con 4,2. La tasa de discapacidad intelectual fue 1,4 y en las físico motoras de 1,1. Las causas posnatales ocuparon el 67,6 %. Conclusiones: la prevalencia global de las discapacidades fue baja, las que incrementaron con la edad. Fueron frecuentes en el sexo masculino. Predominaron las discapacidades intelectuales y las físico motoras, prevalecieron las causas posnatales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: disabilities constitute an important health and social problem worldwide. Objective: to determine the behavior of disabilities at Hermanos Barcon People's Council in Pinar del Rio from September to December 2020. Methods: an epidemiologic, descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted. The target group comprised 479 disabled people, including them all in the research. The information was collected through the analysis of the familial and individual health history from the Doctors' Offices. A univariate analysis of the variables was conducted applying descriptive statistics and estimation of the rate of prevalence for the general disabilities per group of ages, sex and each of the disabilities. The intervals of confidence of 95 % of confidentiality were calculated for the respective rates, as well as the calculation of the absolute frequencies and percentages. Results: it was found a rate of global prevalence of disabilities 3,9 per each 100 inhabitants, most frequent in the group of 60 years and older with 8,7 and male sex with 4,2. The rate of intellectual disability was 1,4 and physical-motor 1,1 Postnatal causes reached 67,6 %. Conclusions: the global prevalence of disabilities was low, increasing with age, most frequent in male sex. Intellectual and physical-motor disabilities predominated, postnatal causes prevailed.

Traumatic injuries in rural Honduras: A two month pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a disproportionate burden of illness in low- and middle- income countries. This study sought to provide a proof-of-concept pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of a trauma registry in the Western Honduras Hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observation study was performed that included all admitted, transferred, or deceased trauma patients presenting to the Western Honduras Hospital from February 4, 2019 until April 4, 2019. Descriptive statistics were utilized to describe patient demographics and injury characteristics. RESULTS: 268 patients were enrolled. The average age was 27.5 years (SD ±21.3). 10% of injuries were due to interpersonal violence. The most common mechanisms of injury were falls (33.6%) and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) (22.4%). The mean Modified Kampala Trauma Score (M-KTS) was 12 (SD ±1.4). The mortality rate was 1.1% (N = 3). 94.5% of data points were complete. CONCLUSIONS: A continuous injury surveillance system in the Western Honduras Hospital is feasible and provides valuable information. The data completeness was suboptimal, but the current data collection system may be improved via modifying and utilizing the registry form as both a clinical and data collection instrument.

The ED as the primary source of hospital admission for older (but not younger) adults.

INTRODUCTION: The elderly population in the United States is growing. This age shift has important implications for emergency departments (EDs), which currently account for more than 50% of inpatient hospitalizations. Our objective was to compare the percentage of inpatient admissions starting in the ED between elderly and younger patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Source of admission to the hospital was evaluated for years 2003 to 2009. Total admissions from the ED and trends over time were analyzed for the following age groups: 22 to 64, 65 to 74, 75 to 84, and 85+ years old. Likelihood of having been admitted from the ED was evaluated with logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1.7 million survey visits representing 216 million adult hospitalizations were analyzed. A total of 93 million (43.2%) were among patients 65 years and older. The ED was the source of admission for 57.3% of patients 65 years and older and 44.4% of patients 64 years and younger (95% confidence interval difference, 12.97%-13.00%). By 2009, more than 75% of nonelective admissions for patients 85 years and older were through the ED. There was a linear relationship between age and the ED as the source of admission, the odds increasing by 2.9% per year (95% confidence interval, 1.029-1.029) for each year beyond age 65 years. CONCLUSION: Emergency departments are increasingly used as the gateway for hospital admission for older adults. An aging US population may increase the effect of this trend, a prospect that should be planned for. From the patient perspective, barriers to care contributing to the age-based discrepancy in the use of the ED as source of admission should be investigated.

Programa andaluz para la promoción de la parentalidad positiva en nacimientos prematuros / No disponible

En el marco del proyecto para la promoción de la parentalidad positiva en el sistema sanitario andaluz conocido como el Proyecto Apego, desarrollado anteriormente en este monográfico, surge una estrategia específica para promover el ejercicio positivo de la parentalidad en padres y madres de bebés prematuros. Una propuesta dirigida a cubrir las necesidades de estos bebés y sus familias tanto durante su estancia en las Unidades Neonatales como tras el alta, en el hogar familiar. Con este objetivo, se elabora una serie de materiales que intentan promover la autonomía y la confianza de padres y madres en el afrontamiento y cuidado saludable de su bebé prematuro, así como apoyar y complementar el trabajo de seguimiento que los profesionales de Neonatología realizan con estos bebés y sus familias. Los materiales se concretan en dos guías para padres y madres de bebés prematuros (una centrada en el tiempo de hospitalización y la otra en lo que acontece o puede acontecer tras el alta hospitalaria), una guía para el trabajo de los profesionales en las sesiones grupales con las familias y un vídeo dirigido a las familias. Los materiales persiguen promover la parentalidad positiva y un desarrollo más óptimo y saludable tanto de los bebés prematuros como de sus familias

In the framework of the project for the promotion of the positive parenting in the Andalusian health system known as The Programme Attachment, developed earlier in this monographic, arises a specific strategy to promote the positive exercise of parenthood in premature children. This is a proposal to meet the needs of these babies and their families during their stay in neonatal units and after discharge, in the family home. In order to meet this objective, a series of materials that aim to promote the autonomy and the confidence of parents in healthy premature baby care is elaborated. In addition, the program aims to complement the work of monitoring made by professionals in the field of Neonatology with premature babies and their families. Materials developed are realized in two guides for parents of premature babies (during hospitalisation and following discharge from hospital), a guide for professionals for work in group sessions with families and a video aimed at families. Those materials pursue promote the parenting positive and a development more optimal and healthy both of them babies premature as of their families

Promoción de parentalidad positiva en Polígono Sur. Diseño de un programa para familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial / No disponible

Las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales en materia de promoción de parentalidad positiva reconocen la necesidad de apoyar a las familias para un ejercicio adecuado de sus funciones educativas, particularmente a aquellas que se encuentran situaciones de riesgo psicosocial. Estas recomendaciones sitúan a los servicios municipales como las instituciones idóneas para garantizar dicho apoyo. En este trabajo se presenta el Programa de Promoción de Parentalidad Positiva en Polígono Sur (5P’s), una iniciativa de carácter psicoeducativo y comunitario que surge, fundamentalmente, por la necesidad de disponer de materiales y recursos específicos para familias que, por su situación de particular vulnerabilidad, por sus propios valores culturales, así como por las particularidades del barrio en el que habitan (una zona de necesidad de transformación social), no se beneficiarían de otros programas ya existentes. A lo largo de este trabajo se describen los contenidos del programa, su estructura y el diseño de evaluación previsto y se discuten sus fortalezas y retos futuros

Both national and international recommendations on positive parenting recognize the need for supporting families in their childrearing tasks, particularly in psychosocial-risk situations. These recommendations highlight local services as the best source to support families. In this paper the Program for Promoting Positive Parenting in Polígono Sur (5P’s) is described. 5P’s is a psycho-educational and community initiative starting from the need for specific materials for vulnerable families because of: (1) their psychosocial profile, (2) their cultural values; (3) living in a neighborhood with at-risk conditions. The contents, the format and the evaluation design of the program are introduced. Strengths and future challenges are discussed

Titanocene(III)-promoted Barbier-type crotylation of carbonyl compounds.

A mild, highly regio- and stereoselective method for the crotylation of aldehydes and ketones mediated/catalyzed by titanocene(III) is described. Optimized conditions permit the selective generation of γ-adducts in high yields together with high stereoselectivity, with a predominance of anti stereoisomers.

Unexpected Ti(III)/Mn-promoted pinacol coupling of ketones.

Titanocene(III) chemistry has emerged in the last decades as an indispensable tool in C-C bond-forming reactions. In this context, pinacol and related reactions allow the stereoselective synthesis of vicinal diols. In this work, we present new applications of these reactions using as starting materials aromatic ketones. Simple and smooth reaction conditions have been developed and have been applied for inter- and intramolecular processes. We also describe that although Cp(2)TiCl is usually used as a monoelectronic reducing agent, it can be also used as an efficient Lewis acid.

Ti-catalyzed Barbier-type allylations and related reactions.

Titanocene(III) complexes, easily generated in situ from commercial Ti(IV) precursors, catalyze Barbier-type allylations, intramolecular crotylations (cyclizations), and prenylations of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones. The reaction displays surprising and unprecedented mechanistic subtleties. In cyclizations a fast and irreversible addition of an allyl radical to a Ti(III)-coordinated carbonyl group seems to occur. Intermolecular additions to conjugated aldehydes proceed through a coupling of a Ti(IV)-bound ketyl radical with an allyl radical. Reactions of ketones with allylic halides take place by the classical addition of an allylic organometallic reagent. The radical coupling processes enable transformations such as the highly regioselective alpha-prenylation that are otherwise difficult to achieve. The mild reaction conditions and the possibility to employ titanocene complexes in only catalytic quantities are highly attractive features of our protocol. These unusual properties have been taken advantage of for the straightforward synthesis of the natural products rosiridol, shikalkin, and 12-hydroxysqualene.

Ti-catalyzed reformatsky-type coupling between alpha-halo ketones and aldehydes.

We describe the first Ti-catalyzed Reformatsky-type coupling between alpha-halo ketones and aldehydes. The reaction affords beta-hydroxy ketones under mild, neutral conditions compatible with ketones and other electrophiles. The catalytic cycle possibly proceeds via bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium enolates.

Unprecedented hydrogen transfer from water to alkenes and alkynes mediated by TiIII and late transition metals.

We describe how alkenes and alkynes can be hydrogenated under mild conditions by hydrogen transfer from water mediated by titanocene(III) and a substoichiometric quantity of one of the late transition metals usually employed as hydrogenation catalysts. This process proceeds presumably by H-atom transfer from TiIII-coordinated water to the late transition metal partner (depicted in the drawing above), a mechanism in support of which we provide theoretical and experimental evidence.

Stereocontrolled coupling between aldehydes and conjugated alkenals mediated by TiIII/H2O.

In the presence of water, titanocene(III) complexes promote a stereoselective C-C bond-forming reaction that provides gamma-lactols by radical coupling between aldehydes and conjugated alkenals. The method is useful for both intermolecular reactions and cyclizations. The relative stereochemistry of the products can be predicted with confidence with the aid of model Ti-coordinated intermediates. The procedure can be carried out enantioselectively using chiral titanocene catalysts. [reaction: see text].