Seguridad en procedimientos dermatológicos: anafilaxia, reacción vasovagal e hiperventilación / Safety in Dermatologic Procedures: Anaphylaxis, Vasovagal Reaction, and Hyperventilation

En el presente artículo de la serie «Seguridad en procedimientos dermatológicos» se aborda el diagnóstico, prevención, manejo y tratamiento de tres situaciones. Primeramente, se aborda la anafilaxia: una situación infrecuente, grave y potencialmente mortal, que requiere una identificación ágil para un manejo urgente coordinado por parte de médicos especialistas en anestesiología. En segundo lugar, la reacción vasovagal, que es la complicación médica más frecuente durante la cirugía dermatológica (una de cada 160 intervenciones), con una evolución habitualmente benigna autorresolutiva, pero que, en individuos muy sensibles, puede provocar una parada cardiaca por asistolia. En tercer y último lugar, el síndrome de hiperventilación aguda, que es una respuesta anómala de determinados individuos a un evento estresante, con un incremento de la ventilación que excede la demanda metabólica. En los tres casos se incluyen recomendaciones que se plasman de forma práctica y somera (AU)

This article, part of a the series on safety in dermatologic procedures, covers the diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of 3 situations or conditions. The first condition we address is anaphylaxis, an uncommon but severe and potentially fatal reaction that must be recognized quickly so that urgent management coordinated with an anesthesiologist can commence. The second is the vasovagal reaction, which is the most common complication in dermatologic surgery. This event, which occurs in 1 out of every 160 procedures, usually follows a benign course and resolves on its own. However, in patients susceptible to vasovagal reactions, syncope may lead to asystole and cardiac arrest. The third is acute hyperventilation syndrome, which is an anomalous anxiety-related increase in breathing rate beyond metabolic requirements. Brief practical recommendations for managing all 3 events are included (AU)

Múltiples úlceras perianales en relación con el uso de una pomada antihemorroidal con acetónido de triamcinolona, lidocaína y pentosano polisulfato sódico como principios activos: una serie de 11 pacientes españoles / Multiple Perianal Ulcers Related to Use of a Hemorrhoidal Ointment With the Active Ingredients Triamcinolone Acetonide, Lidocaine, and Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium: A Series of 11 Spanish Patients

La aparición de úlceras perianales en relación con una pomada antihemorroidal es una condición nunca antes reportada en la literatura. Presentamos una serie de 11 casos de 10 hospitales españoles con diagnóstico de úlceras perianales tras la aplicación de una misma pomada antihemorroidal con acetónido de triamcinolona, lidocaína y pentosano polisulfato sódico como principios activos. No se ha podido identificar ninguna condición previa o enfermedad concomitante que pudiera justificar un diagnóstico etiológico alternativo y tras retirar la pomada antihemorroidal se ha evidenciado una resolución completa de las úlceras en un periodo medio de 8 semanas. Esta serie de casos evidencia el potencial efecto dañino de un producto farmacéutico no sujeto a prescripción ni seguimiento médico y la necesidad de interrogar por el uso de agentes tópicos ante la aparición de úlceras perianales (AU)

The development of perianal ulcers related to the use of a hemorrhoidal ointment has not been reported in the literature. We describe a series of 11 patients who were treated for perianal ulcers in 10 Spanish hospitals after they used the same ointment containing the active ingredients triamcinolone acetonide, lidocaine, and pentosan polysulfate sodium. No prior or concomitant conditions suggesting an alternative cause for the condition could be identified, and after the patients stopped using the ointment, their ulcers cleared completely in 8 weeks on average. This case series shows the damage that can be caused by an over-the-counter pharmaceutical product used without medical follow-up. It also illustrates the need to ask patients with perianal ulcers about any topical agents used before the lesions appeared (AU)

Safety in dermatologic procedures: anaphylaxis, vasovagal reaction, and hyperventilation.

This article, part of a the series on safety in dermatologic procedures, covers the diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of 3 situations or conditions. The first condition we address is anaphylaxis, an uncommon but severe and potentially fatal reaction that must be recognized quickly so that urgent management coordinated with an anesthesiologist can commence. The second is fainting due to a vasovagal reaction, which is the most common complication in dermatologic surgery. This event, which occurs in 1 out of every 160 procedures, usually follows a benign course and resolves on its own. However, in patients susceptible to vasovagal reactions, syncope may lead to asystole and cardiac arrest. The third is acute hyperventilation syndrome, which is an anomalous anxiety-related increase in breathing rate beyond metabolic requirements. Brief practical recommendations for managing all 3 events are included.

Multiple Perianal Ulcers Related to Use of a Hemorrhoidal Ointment With the Active Ingredients Triamcinolone Acetonide, Lidocaine, and Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium: A Series of 11 Spanish Patients. / Múltiples úlceras perianales en relación con el uso de una pomada antihemorroidal con acetónido de triamcinolona, lidocaína y pentosano polisulfato sódico como principios activos: una serie de 11 pacientes españoles.

The development of perianal ulcers related to the use of a hemorrhoidal ointment has not been reported in the literature. We describe a series of 11 patients who were treated for perianal ulcers in 10 Spanish hospitals after they used the same ointment containing the active ingredients triamcinolone acetonide, lidocaine, and pentosan polysulfate sodium. No prior or concomitant conditions suggesting an alternative cause for the condition could be identified, and after the patients stopped using the ointment, their ulcers cleared completely in 8 weeks on average. This case series shows the damage that can be caused by an over-the-counter pharmaceutical product used without medical follow-up. It also illustrates the need to ask patients with perianal ulcers about any topical agents used before the lesions appeared.

Positive selection and high sensitivity test for MYD88 mutations using locked nucleic acid.

INTRODUCTION: Detection of mutations in the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MYD88) has clinical implications on diagnosis and therapy, especially in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (IgM-MGUS). We describe a method that provides greatly increased sensitivity for detecting minority mutations in MYD88. METHODS: We used a locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide to block amplification of wild-type DNA during polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sanger sequencing of amplified DNA was used for detecting mutations in MYD88 gene. This approach was used to test samples from patients with WM and IgM-MGUS. RESULTS: When compared to traditional PCR followed by Sanger sequencing, our methodology was significantly more sensitive (one mutant allele in a background of 200 wild-type alleles). Using sequencing allowed us to visualize the PCR product, giving advantages over other methodologies such as allele-specific PCR. Based on analyzing 36 randomly selected, MYD88 mutated, clinically tested samples, we demonstrate that traditional PCR failed to detect MYD88 mutations in 64% of the samples that were clearly positive by wild-type blocking PCR. CONCLUSION: The new methodology is essential for attaining accurate results in clinical testing.

Dermatosis terra firma-forme / Terra firma-forme dermatosis

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Multiplex real-time PCR for prompt diagnosis of an outbreak of human parainfluenza 3 virus in children with acute leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) causes significant morbimortality in immunocompromised patients. Outbreaks of severe pneumonitis have been previously described in this setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study in children diagnosed with acute leukemia and a documented HPIV-3 infection in the context of a nosocomial outbreak occurred in a single center. RESULT: During summer 2012, an HPIV-3 infection was detected in six hospitalized children with acute leukemia. All the patients had respiratory symptoms and one of them suffered from parotitis. CONCLUSION: Early diagnoses using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) let us control this outbreak. A phylogenetic analysis confirmed person-to-person transmission of a single HPIV-3 variant.

Melanoma dérmico primario: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Primary Dermal Melanoma: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

La supervivencia de pacientes con metástasis cutánea de melanoma de origen primario desconocido, clasificados como estadio IV (M1a) por el American Joint Comittee on Cancer para melanoma, se estima en un 5-17,9% a los 5 años, con una mediana de 6 meses. Es conocida la existencia de pacientes así clasificados que presentan una supervivencia mucho mayor, lo que ha llevado a utilizar el término de «melanoma dérmico primario» (MDP). Presentamos un caso compatible con MDP, así como una revisión de los principales artículos publicados. El diagnóstico está sujeto a una correcta correlación clínico-patológica y debe ser considerado en todos los pacientes con melanoma solitario confinado en la dermis y en el tejido celular subcutáneo, en los que no se encuentre un origen primario ni evidencia de enfermedad tras un adecuado estudio de extensión. Creemos necesario el conocimiento de esta posibilidad para un correcto manejo e información pronóstica de los pacientes (AU)

Patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin (stage IVM1a disease according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system) have an estimated 5-year survival rate of between 5% and 17.9% and a median survival of 6 months. However, certain patients with stage IV M1 a disease have much higher survival rates. The existence of this subpopulation has given rise to the term primary dermal melanoma to describe such cases. We report a case of melanoma with characteristics consistent with primary dermal melanoma and review the relevant literature. A diagnosis of primary dermal melanoma requires careful clinical and pathologic correlation and should be considered in all patients with a solitary melanoma confined to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue when there is no evidence of a primary tumor or disease at other sites following appropriate staging studies. We believe that familiarity with this subtype of melanoma is essential in order to provide patients with optimal care and better prognostic information (AU)

Primary dermal melanoma: a case report and a review of the literature.

Patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma of unknown primary origin (stage IV M1a disease according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system) have an estimated 5-year survival rate of between 5% and 17.9% and a median survival of 6 months. However, certain patients with stage IV M1a disease have much higher survival rates. The existence of this subpopulation has given rise to the term primary dermal melanoma to describe such cases. We report a case of melanoma with characteristics consistent with primary dermal melanoma and review the relevant literature. A diagnosis of primary dermal melanoma requires careful clinical and pathologic correlation and should be considered in all patients with a solitary melanoma confined to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue when there is no evidence of a primary tumor or disease at other sites following appropriate staging studies. We believe that familiarity with this subtype of melanoma is essential in order to provide patients with optimal care and better prognostic information.

Methotrexate consolidation treatment according to pharmacogenetics of MTHFR ameliorates event-free survival in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Recent advances in treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have significantly increased outcome. High-dose methotrexate (MTX) is the most commonly used regimen during the consolidation period, but the optimal dose remains to be defined. We investigated the usefulness of the MTHFR genotype to increase the MTX dosage in the consolidation phase in 141 childhood ALL patients enrolled in the ALL/SHOP-2005 protocol. We also investigated the pharmacogenetic role of polymorphisms in genes involved in MTX metabolism on therapy-related toxicity and survival. Patients with a favourable MTHFR genotype (normal enzymatic activity) treated with MTX doses of 5 g m⁻² had a significantly lower risk of suffering an event than patients with an unfavourable MTHFR genotype (reduced enzymatic activity) that were treated with the classical MTX dose of 3 g m⁻² (P=0.012). Our results indicate that analysis of the MTHFR genotype is a useful tool to optimise MTX therapy in childhood patients with ALL.

Dermatitis de contacto alérgica palpebral unilateral por Iopimax® / Unilateral Allergic Contact Dermatitis of the Eyelid Caused by Iopimax®

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[Presentation of 2 new cases of cutaneous angiomyolipomas and literature review]. / Angiomiolipomas cutáneos: aportación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura.

We present 2 new cases of cutaneous angiomyolipomas with very similar characteristics, located in the postauricular region of 2 women aged 58 and 52 years. The lesions measured 1.5 cm and 1 cm across and had been present for 5 and 2 years, respectively. Both presented a previously unreported clinical sign: change in size according to the ambient temperature. They had well defined borders and a predominance of smooth muscle and vessels, particularly arteries. In contrast to renal angiomyolipomas, which are often associated with tuberous sclerosis, these angiomyolipomas were negative for melanocytic immunohistochemical markers (human melanoma black-45 antigen and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1). The clinical characteristics of the 32 cases published until present are reviewed. The relationship of these tumors with angioleiomyomas and renal angiomyolipomas is discussed.

Angiomiolipomas cutáneos: aportación de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Presentation of 2 New Cases of Cutaneous Angiomyolipomas and Literature Review

Presentamos dos nuevos casos de angiomiolipomas cutáneos de características muy similares. Se localizaban en región retroauricular de dos mujeres de 58 y 52 años. Tenían un tamaño de 1,5 y 1 cm de diámetro y una evolución de 5 y 2 años, respectivamente. Ambos presentaban un signo clínico no previamente descrito: cambio de tamaño según la temperatura ambiente. Estaban bien delimitados, el elemento predominante era el músculo liso y los vasos, sobre todo arteriales. A diferencia de lo que sucede con los angiomiolipomas renales frecuentemente asociados a esclerosis tuberosa, fueron negativos para los marcadores inmunohistoquímicos melanocitarios (HMB-45 y MART-1). Se revisan las características clínicas de los 32 casos publicados hasta la actualidad. Se discute la relación de estos tumores con los angioleiomiomas y los angiomiolipomas renales (AU)

We present 2 new cases of cutaneous angiomyolipomas with very similar characteristics, located in the postauricular region of 2 women aged 58 and 52 years. The lesions measured 1.5 cm and 1 cm across and had been present for 5 and 2 years, respectively. Both presented a previously unreported clinical sign: change in size according to the ambient temperature. They had well defined borders and a predominance of smooth muscle and vessels, particularly arteries. In contrast to renal angiomyolipomas, which are often associated with tuberous sclerosis, these angiomyolipomas were negative for melanocytic immunohistochemical markers (human melanoma black-45 antigen and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1). The clinical characteristics of the 32 cases published until present are reviewed. The relationship of these tumors with angioleiomyomas and renal angiomyolipomas is discussed (AU)

Actinomicosis del labio, una localización excepcional / Actinomycosis of the Lip: An Exceptional Site

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