Entre la incertidumbre de la liberación y otras formas de uso de la fauna silvestre / Between the uncertainty of release and other forms of wildlife use

RESUMEN Con el proyecto que fundamenta este artículo se desarrolló un análisis detallado del destino final de animales silvestres por parte la autoridad ambiental, con enfoque en los procesos de liberación en los departamentos amazónicos del Amazonas, Caquetá y Putumayo, entre 2019 y 2021, para proponer alternativas efectivas de abordaje y manejo de la situación. Los datos fueron directamente requeridos a la Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonía (Corpoamazonía), y a partir de estos se desarrolló manejo estadístico para posteriormente interpretar los resultados obtenidos a la luz de la literatura académica publicada sobre el tema y la normatividad vigente relacionada. Como producto de la investigación, se identifica que la principal proveniencia de especímenes se establece en la entrega voluntaria (65,59%), seguido del rescate o traslado (27,87%), y decomiso, incautación, aprehensión o medida preventiva (3,96%). Como su principal destino final se identificó la liberación (45,21%). Del total de liberaciones entre 2019 y 2021, solo en 50 (4,09% de los casos), se consignó algún tipo de indicación del lugar o la ubicación específica donde se llevó a cabo, sin mención del procedimiento de caracterización del hábitat o genética del espécimen, o seguimiento posliberación, por lo que resulta necesario potenciar otras formas de uso de la fauna silvestre que permitan reducir el margen de incertidumbre.

ABSTRACT Alongside the project that supports this article, we developed a detailed analysis of the final destination of wild animals by the environmental authority, with a focus on the release processes in the Amazonian departments of Amazonas, Caquetá, and Putumayo, between 2019 to 2021, in order to propose effective alternatives for approaching and managing the situation. The data was directly requested from the Corporation for the Sustainable Development of the South of the Amazon (Corpoamazonía), and they were handled with statistical management to interpret the results obtained according to the academic literature published on the subject and current related regulations. As a result of the investigation, the primary origin of the specimens was identified as voluntary surrender, in 65.59% of the cases; followed by rescue or transfer, in 27.87%; and confiscation, seizure, apprehension, or preventive measure in 3.96%. As their main final destination, release was identified in 45,21% of the cases. Of the total number of releases between 2019 and 2021, only 50 (4.09% of the cases) included some type of indication of the place or specific location where the release took place, with no mention of the habitat or genetic characterization procedure of the specimen, or postrelease follow-up, it is, therefore, necessary to promote other forms of wildlife use that reduce the margin of uncertainty.

A Proinflammatory Immune Response Might Determine Toxoplasma gondii Vertical Transmission and Severity of Clinical Features in Congenitally Infected Newborns.

Toxoplasma gondii is the etiological agent of toxoplasmosis. Mother-to-child transmission of this parasite can occur during pregnancy. Newborns with congenital toxoplasmosis may develop central nervous system impairment, with severity ranging from subclinical manifestations to death. A proinflammatory/regulated specific immune profile is crucial in the defense against the parasite; nevertheless, its role in the infected pregnant women and the congenitally infected offspring has been poorly explored, and there is still no consensus about its relation to parasite vertical transmission or to severity and dissemination in the congenitally infected newborns. This work aimed to characterize these relations by means of principal component and principal factor analyses. For this purpose, we determined the specific production of the four immunoglobulin G antibody subclasses, cytokines, and lymphocyte proliferation in the T. gondii-infected pregnant women-10 who transmitted the infection to their offspring and seven who did not-as well as in 11 newborns congenitally infected and grouped according to disease severity (five mild and six moderate/severe) and dissemination (four local and seven disseminated). We found that the immune response of nontransmitter women differed from that of the transmitters, the latter having a stronger proinflammatory response, supporting a previous report. We also found that newborns who developed moderate/severe disease presented higher levels of lymphocyte proliferation, particularly of CD8+ and CD19+ cells, a high proportion of tumor necrosis factor α producers, and reduced expression of the immune modulator transforming growth factor ß, as opposed to children who developed mild clinical complications. Our results suggest that a distinctive, not regulated, proinflammatory immune response might favor T. gondii vertical transmission and the development of severe clinical manifestations in congenitally infected newborns.

Prevalence of active infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus infection: A cross-sectional study.

The aim is to determine the prevalence of active infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) among Mexican women with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) cervical infection, recruited from public gynecology and colposcopy services. In a cross-sectional study, HSV-2 antibodies, HSV-2 DNA, and HR-HPV DNA were quantified. Significant differences in HSV-2 seroprevalence and HSV-2 active infection rates were found between negative and positive HR-HPV cases. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 28.15% and 16.1% (P = .0001), while HSV-2 active infection rates were 6.83% and 0.62% (P = .001) for positive and negative HR-HPV groups, respectively. The risk of HSV-2 seropositivity was 1.7 times greater for HR-HPV-positive cases (P = .02). Similarly, HR-HPV-positive cases were nine times more likely to have an HSV-2 active infection than HR-HPV-negative cases (P = .03). High HSV-2/h-HPV coinfection rates were observed among women recruited from public gynecology and colposcopy services. The main factors related to an HSV-2 active infection are a history of risky sexual behavior and HR-HPV infection. The prevalence of HSV-2 active infection among positive HR-HPV subjects indicate that these infections constitute an important group of STIs in Mexico.

Cadmium and cadmium-tolerant soil bacteria in cacao crops from northeastern Colombia.

AIMS: This research aims to assess total-cadmium soil content and microbiological aspects to understand the dynamics of culturable cadmium-tolerant bacteria (CdtB) in cacao soils from northeastern Colombia. METHODS AND RESULTS: An integration of inverted dish plating, Cd determination and a microcalorimetry assay (IMC) was carried out. A farm in Boyacá showed the highest level of total soil Cd (3·74 mg kg-1 ) followed by farms in Santander and Arauca (2·76 and 1·16 mg kg-1 , respectively). Coefficient of determination between total soil Cd and CFU of CdtB was high (R2  = 0·83) for the farm in Boyacá. Moreover, a pool of 129 CdtB was isolated, and phylogeny of 21 CdtB was discussed. Among CdtB strains isolated, Enterobacter sp. CdDB41 showed major Cd immobilization capacity (Qmax of 2·21 and 2·32 J at 6 and 24 mg l-1 of CdCl2 ), with an immobilization rate of 0·220 mg kg-1  h-1 . CONCLUSIONS: Among CdtB strains isolated, Enterobacter sp. CdDB41 showed major Cd immobilization capacity (Qmax of 2·21 and 2·32 J at 6 and 24 mg l-1 of CdCl2 ), with an immobilization rate of 0·220 mg kg-1  h-1 . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Nothing is known about soil CdtB in cacao. Our data showed that CdtB such as Enterobacter sp. has high immobilization capacity. Furthermore, the otavite found in situ might be mineralized due to the bacterial metabolic activity of CdtB.

[Anterior cruciate ligament lesions]. / Lesiones del ligamento cruzado anterior.

A bibliographic review was conducted on the current status of ACL ligamentoplasties including their anatomical and functional bases and surgical treatment.

[Chronic lateral ankle instability treated with a minimally invasive approach with lateral peroneus brevis tendon]. / Inestabilidad lateral crónica de tobillo con tratamiento mínimo invasivo con peroneo lateral corto.

This study assessed the results obtained with a minimally invasive surgical technique developed by the authors to treat chronic lateral ankle instability. This is an observational, prospective, longitudinal, open, follow-up study of patients with a diagnosis of chronic lateral ankle instability seen at "Lomas Verdes" IMSS Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital in 2009-2010.

Consenso médico de biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de tiroides. reporte de citología tiroidea basado en el sistema de bethesda / Medical consensus of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology

En este artículo se presenta un consenso médico basado en el sistema de Bethesda del Instituto Nacionalde Cáncer (Estados Unidos) para el uso de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina en el manejo de nódulos tiroideos, realizado en conjunto con patólogos, radiólogos, endocrinólogos y otras especialidades médicas de Colombia, España, Chile, Venezuela, Estados Unidos y Panamá. En este trabajo se describen las indicaciones de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina de tiroides, requisitos previos, entrenamiento, acreditación, técnicas, terminología diagnóstica, pruebas complementarias y opciones de tratamiento. El objetivo del actual artículo es presentar ante la comunidad médica la clasificación de los reportes citológicos, el reporte de ecografía que propone usar el sistema de datos y el reporte de imágenes tiroideas (TIRADS, del inglés The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System), el uso de la medición de tiroglobulina en biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y técnicas de citología líquida;...

This article presents a medical consensus based on the Bethesda system of the National Cancer Institute (USA) for the use of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the management of thyroid nodules. This consensus was performed in conjunction with pathologists, radiologists, endocrinologists, and other medical specialties of Colombia, Spain, Chile, Venezuela, United States, and Panama. In this work was described the indications for fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid, prerequisites, training, accreditation, techniques, diagnostic terminology, additional tests and treatment options. The aim of this article is present to the medical community the classification of cytological report, ultrasound report using the data system, and the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS); as well as, the use of thyroglobulin measurement in fine needle aspiration biopsy, and liquid-based cytology techniques...

Feline aortic thromboembolism: first case reported in Colombia / Tromboembolismo aórtico felino: primer caso reportado en Colombia / Tromboembolismo aórtico felino: relato do primeiro caso na Colômbia

Anamnesis and treatment approach: a cross-breed tomcat, 5 years old, with bilateral pelvic limb paresis was treated with saline solution hydration (20 drops/in), tramadol (2 mg/kg IV every 8 h), methylprednisolone succinate (18 mg, every 6 h), dimethyl sulphoxyde (0.36 mg diluted in sodium chloride, twice a day, IV) and ketoprofen (2 mg/kg, every 24 h) with no response to this treatment schedule. Clinical and laboratory findings: according to results of thorax and abdomen radiological tests, coldness in pelvic limbs and lack of bleeding after a deep nail cutting, clinical diagnosis of feline aortic thromboembolism was established and the cat was subjected to euthanasia after informed consent. A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thrombus in the lumbar abdominal aorta were found at necropsy. Conclusion: the first case of feline aortic thromboembolism in Colombia is reported and the most relevant findings and treatment schedule are discussed.

Anamnesis y aproximación terapéutica: un felino mestizo de 5 años de edad, con cuadro neurológico fue tratado con solución salina (20 gotas/min), tramadol (2 mg/kg i.v. cada 8 horas), succinato de metilprednisolona (18 mg totales cada 6 horas), dimetilsulfoxido (0.36 mg diluidos en cloruro de sodio cada 12 horas e.v.) y ketoprofeno (2 mg/kg cada 24 horas), sin responder al tratamiento. Hallazgos clinicos y de laboratorio: ante los resultados de las radiografìas de tórax y el abdomen, las extremidades pelvianas frías y el no sangrado ante corte profundo de uña, se estableció el diagnóstico de tromboembolismo aórtico felino. El gato fue sometido a eutanasia previo consentimiento informado. A la necropsia fue hallada una cardiomiopatía hipertrófica y un coágulo en la porción lumbar de la aorta abdominal. Conclusiones: este es el primer reporte de un caso de tromboembolismo felino en Colombia, se discuten los hallazgos clínicos y el esquema de tratamiento más relevante.

Anamnese e abordagem de tratamento: um felino mestiço de 5 anos de idade com quadro neurológico foi tratado com solução salina (20 gotas / min), tramadol (2 mg / kg iv c / 8 horas), succinato de metilprednisolona (18 mg c total / 6 h), sulfóxido de dimetilo (0.36 mg de cloreto de sódio diluído em q12h ev) e cetoprofeno (2 mg / kg C/24 h), não respondendo ao tratamento. Achados clínicos e laboratoriais: com os resultados do exame radiológico de tórax e abdôme, membros pelvianas frios e falta de sangramento ao corte profundo da unha, foi diagnosticado com tromboembolismo aórtico felino. O gato foi eutanasiado prévio consentimento informado. Na necropsia foi encontrada cardiomiopatia hipertrófica e um coágulo na porção lombar da aorta abdominal. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro reporte de tromboembolismo felino na Colômbia, neste artigo se discutem os achados clínicos e o cronograma de tratamento mais relevante.

[Treatment of unrecent patellar tendon tear with semitendinous and gracilis tendons]. / Tratamiento de la rotura no reciente del tendón patelar con tendones semitendinoso y gracilis.

The patellar tendon lesion is very important due to the role of this tendon on the conformation of the extensor mechanism of the quadriceps. When the terminal end of this mechanism is injured, the extensor function of the knee is completely lost and thus the functional capability of the involved limb is completely disrupted.

[Description of an arthroscopic and percutaneous technique to repair posterolateral corner knee lesions]. / Descripción de una técnica artroscópica y percutánea para la reparación de lesiones de esquina posterolateral de rodilla.

Posterolateral corner knee lesions are infrequent and very disabling. They usually occur with other ligament lesions, so historically different techniques have been used to reconstruct this kind of lesions. Most of them involve open surgery, with the Clancy procedure as one of the most popular ones. After thorough preoperative planning taking into account the patient's activities, we propose a new arthroscopic and percutaneous technique based on Clancy's procedure, using a calcaneal tendon or quadriceps allograft.

Choque cardiogénico: historia, fisiopatología e implicaciones terapeúticas: parte II / Cardiogenic shock: history, pathophysiology and therapeutical implications. Part II

El choque cardiogénico es la principal causa de muerte entre los pacientes que presentan un síndrome coronario agudo. Después de la revisión histórica y de los conceptos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos de esta condición clínica expuesta en la primera parte, se revisa su abordaje terapéutico, principalmente la revascularización de emergencia con angioplastía o cirugía.

Application of ultrasound in the dissolution of potential antiophidian compounds from two ethanolics extracts of two species of Heliconias.

This study evaluates the favorable effects of using ultrasound during the dissolution process of ethanolic extracts of Heliconia psittacorum and Heliconia rostrata (Heliconiaceae), a family of plants reported to have antiophidic activities. The extracts were subjected to an ultrasound treatment before incubation with venom, and carbohydrate and protein contents were calculated. The ultrasound-treated extracts delayed the clotting effect of venom by up to 45.59 s compared to the positive control (venom). The metabolites content increased to 296.6% and 61.6% in protein and carbohydrate content, respectively. Ultrasound increases the amount of primary and secondary metabolites (potentially antiophidics) released from the extract into the media, and thereby enhances the anticoagulant activity of these plants against the Bothrops asper (mapaná X) venom.

Choque cardiogénico: historia, fisiopatología e implicaciones terapeúticas. Parte I / Cardiogenic shock: history, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Part I

El choque cardiogénico es la principal causa de muerte entre los pacientes que presentan un sindrome coronario agudo. Se presenta una revisión histórica y conceptos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos de esta condición clínica que son la base para su abordaje terapéutico, principalmente la revasculrización de emergencia con angioplastia o cirugía.

Evaluación fitoquímica preliminar de Heliconia psittacorum y Heliconia rostrata y de la potencial actividad inhibitoria de algunos de los efectos del veneno de Bothrops asper (mapaná X) / Preliminary phytochemistry assessment of Heliconia psittacorum and Heliconia rostrata and the potential inhibitory activity of some effects of the Bothrops asper (mapaná X) venom

Algunas especies de la familia Heliconaceae han demostrado capacidad neutralizante parcial/total de las actividades letal, hemolítica indirecta, hemorrágica, proteolítica, coagulante, mionecrosante y edematizante del veneno de Bothrops asper (mapaná equis). Este trabajo evalúa dos especies de heliconias: Heliconia psittacorum y Heliconia rostrata, contra las actividades hemolítica indirecta, proteolítica y coagulante del veneno de B. asper, sin que ninguna de ellas ejerza inhibición sobre la actividad hemolítica indirecta y proteolítica. Por el contrario, sus extractos retardan el efecto coagulante del veneno con respecto al controlpositivo hasta 45.59 segundos. Al realizar el perfil electroforético, se observa una banda perteneciente al extracto de H. psittacorum, y además se evidencia disminución y aumento en la intensidad de algunas bandas (66 y 31 KDa respectivamente), que pueden indicar una posible degradación por parte de los extractos. La evaluación fitoquímica de los extractos muestra la presencia de metabolitos primarios de carácter glúcido y protéico; y secundarios como compuestos fenólicos, terpenoides y cumarinas, algunos de los cuales han sido reportados en otras especies vegetales como responsables de la actividad antiofídica.

Diagnostic approach in suspected recurrent primary brain tumors using (18)FDG-PET/MRI, perfusion MRI, visual and quantitative analysis, and three dimensional stereotactic surface projections. First experience in Mexico.

UNLABELLED: Thirty patients with primary cerebral tumors WHO III and IV previously treated, undergoing evaluation for tumoral recurrence, they underwent (18)FDG-PET study, MRI and PMRI. PET uptake was determined by visual inspection and was quantified by use of standard uptake values, the ratio of tumor uptake to normal tissue and were z scored using automated voxel-based comparison. PMRI was quantified by use of ratios of cerebral blood volume (rCBV). The accuracies were determined by comparing imaging data with histologic findings and clinical follow up of up to 21 mo. RESULTS: Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 100 %, 82 %, 90 %, 100 % and 93 % respectively for the PET/MRI fusion and 68 %, 82 %, 87 %, 60 % and 73 % respectively for PMRI. There were two false positive cases for PET/MRI fusion that were confirmed by biopsy: chronic inflammation; and foreign body granulomas. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed statistically significant difference (p = 0.0225). CONCLUSIONS: (18)FDG SUVs, glucose uptake ratios and 3D stereotactic surface projections in brain tumors were not a reliable measure for evaluating recurrent tumors. PET/MRI fusion was more sensitive and accurate than PMRI for imaging recurrent primary brain tumors. The region of interest can be visually analyzed on the PET/MRI fusion images and described as recurrent tumor when any activity (lower, equal or greater than the contralateral cortex) is presented in the zone of hyperintensity seen on the post-gadolinium T1-weighted MRI.

Indicadores hematológicos y hemoquímicos de Dasyprocta fuliginosa (guara, guatín o ñeque) en cautiverio / Hemochemical and haematologic Indicators in Dasyprocta fuliginosa (guara, guatín o ñeque) In captivity

Los indicadores hematológicos y hemoquímicos de la Dasyprocta fuliginosa (guara, guatín o ñeque) en cautiverio se realizaron en el municipio de Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia), pretendiendo iniciar una referencia de datos para estudios de conservación, manejo productivo y clínico de la especie. Fueron utilizados diez animales machos en dos estados de desarrollo (juveniles y adultos). Para hemograma se determinaron hematocrito (técnica de microhematocrito),hemoglobina (método espectrofotométrico de la cianometahemoglobina), recuento total de leucocitos (técnica del hemocitómetro) y recuento diferencial de leucocitos (frotis sanguíneo coloreado), y en hemoquímica se determinó glicemia (método GOD-PAP), colesterol(método CHOD-PAP), triglicéridos (método GPO-PAP), proteínas totales (método Biuret) y creatinina (método colorimétrico simétrico). Los valores promedios para los parámetrosevaluados en hemograma fueron: hematocrito 49,9 ± 2,9 por ciento; hemoglobina 16,5 ± 1,1 g/dl; recuento leucocitario total 6650 ± 1276,9 leucocitos/mm3; neutrófilos 17,7 ± 12,9 por ciento; linfocitos 77,6 ± 12,4 por ciento, y eosinófilos 5,1 ± 3,2 por ciento. Para hemoquímica los resultados fueron: glicemia 249,9 ± 47,1 mg/dl; colesterol 108,1 ± 20,1 mg/dl; triglicéridos 108,1 ± 20,1 mg/dl, proteínas totales 5,7 ± 0,6 g/dl, y creatinina 1,7 ± 0,2 mg/dl. En algunos individuos los valores se desviaron significativamente del promedio, debiéndose tal vez a circunstancias fisiológicas e individuales (estrés, respuesta a mecanismos externos)o por lesiones que padecían días antes a la toma de la muestra. Los indicadores del hemograma estuvieron en promedios similares a los de otros roedores del piedemonte amazónico: Proechimys sp., Agouti paca e Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris, al igual que en los hemoquímicos, salvo en glicemia, en donde se encontraron mayores valores para Dasyprocta fuliginosa, debido posiblemente al régimen alimenticio que se basaba sobre todo en frutas y subproductos de cocina...

Evidence that thalidomide modifies the immune response of patients suffering from actinic prurigo.

BACKGROUND: Actinic prurigo (AP) is a photodermatosis with a restricted ethnic distribution, mainly affecting Mestizo women (mixed Indian and European). The lesions are polymorphic and include macules, papules, crusts, hyperpigmentation and lichenification. Thalidomide, an effective immunomodulatory drug, was first used successfully to treat AP in 1973. In this work we describe the effect that thalidomide had on TNF-alpha sera levels and on IL-4- and IFN gamma (IFNgamma)-producing lymphocytes of actinic prurigo (AP) patients. METHODS: Actinic prurigo patients were analyzed before and after thalidomide treatment. The percentage of IL-4+ or IFNgamma+ CD3+ lymphocytes was analyzed in eight of them by flow cytometry. TNFalpha in sera was measured by ELISA in 11 patients. RESULTS: A direct correlation was observed between resolution of AP lesions and an increase in IFNgamma+ CD3+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < or = 0.001) and a decrease in TNFalpha serum levels (no statistical difference). No IL-4+ CD3+ cells were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that AP is a disease that has an immunological component and that thalidomide clinical efficacy is exerted not only through inhibition of TNFalpha synthesis, but also through modulation of INFgamma-producing CD3+ cells. These cells could be used as clinical markers for recovery.

Lesión traumática de la arteria subclavia, vías de acceso / Subclavian artery injury, ways to surgical approach

Objetivo: Comunicar la experiencia que hemos tenido en la Ciudad de Uruapan, Michoacán, en este tipo de lesiones, en las que la vía de abordaje tiene una especial importancia. Antecedentes: El trauma de la arteria subclavia (TAS) es poco frecuente, así lo han demostrado las casuísticas de las guerras y de la práctica civil nacional e internacional; lo anterior ha impedido que los cirujanos obtengan suficiente experiencia en esta patología. Pacientes y métodos: De 1982 a 1999, se atendieron 84 pacientes con traumatismos vasculares, de éstos, cinco con TAS; todos del sexo masculino; la edad promedio fue de 32.8 años. En cuatro pacientes la herida fue por arma de fuego y en uno por instrumento cortante. Las lesiones fueron: cuatro laceraciones y una sección; en cuatro pacientes había laceración de vena subclavia y contusión del plexo braquial. El abordaje fue: en dos pacientes, esternotomía longitudinal, extensión supraclavicular y sección de la clavícula; en tres, el abordaje a través del tercio medio de la clavícula. Las reparaciones arteriales fueron: en tres pacientes interponiendo un segmento de vena safena; una sutura lateral y una anastomosis término-terminal; simultáneamente reparamos cuatro venas subclavias.

PNA molecular beacons for rapid detection of PCR amplicons.

The authors have developed a method for rapid detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons based on surface immobilized PNA-DNA hybrid probes ('molecular beacons') that undergo a fluorescent-linked conformational change in the presence of a complementary DNA target. Amplicons can be detected by simply adding a PCR reaction to a microtitre-well containing the previously immobilized probe, and reading the generated fluorescence. No further transfers or washing steps are involved. The authors demonstrate the specificity of the method for the detection of ribosomal DNA from Entamoeba histolytica.