Knowledge of biological therapy for patients with immune-mediated diseases. BIOINFO Study. / Conocimiento de la terapia biológica en pacientes con enfermedades inmunomediadas. Estudio BIOINFO.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases treated in Outpatient Pharmaceutical Care Units. METHODS: Observational, prospective and multicenter study during the period May 2020-March 2021. A survey (9 questions) was conducted before starting treatment in which the patients' level of knowledge about biological therapy and biosimilars was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 169 patients were included in the study. The average value for the different questions was 3.3 ± 0.6 out of 5, while the average final result was 29.4 points out of 45. Sixty-four percent of the patients had an acceptable level before starting the medication (>27 points). The multivariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) with a better score at the beginning of treatment in those patients whose prescribing service was Rheumatology. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the level of knowledge prior to biological therapy in patients is acceptable, being higher in dosage and administration technique related-factors and what is related to the dosage and administration technique and where to find information related to the medication; the worst rated were those on biosimilars-related. The factor of being followed by rheumatology, was associated with better knowledge.

The management of polypharmacy in people living with HIV.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the prognosis of HIV which has evolved into a chronic condition. People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer presenting an increased number of comorbidities leading to polypharmacy. Literature on the prevalence, associated factors, drug-drug interactions (DDIs), effects on ART-outcomes, geriatric conditions, and nutritional status together with health-interventions aimed to reduce it is presented in this review. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database for all relevant English- and Spanish-language studies since 2006. Studies providing data of interest were identified and ordered in groups: (i) prevalence and associated factors (n = 37), (ii) DDIs (n = 19), (iii) Effects on ART-outcomes (n = 12), (iv) Effects on health conditions (n = 13), and (V) Health-interventions to assess and/or reduce it (n = 9). Polypharmacy occurs in 9-91% of PLWH (2.6-19.5% affected by severe polypharmacy). Main factors associated with polypharmacy are older age, a higher number of comorbidities, frailty, deteriorated renal function, and previous hospitalizations. DDIs were present in 19.15-84% of cases (1.3-12.2% for the most severe types). Mainly involved non-ART drugs were antihypertensives, statins, antithrombotic agents, corticosteroids, divalent cations, and antiacids. Polypharmacy can affect ART selection, adherence, and outcomes and has been related to some geriatric conditions such as falls, frailty, and poor nutritional status. Potentially prescribing issues are present in up to 87.9% of cases according to the STOPP-START and Beers criteria and some pharmacist-led interventions have been shown to reduce it. Considering these findings, polypharmacy should be considered a clinical concern in this population and treatment-optimization programs are needed to reduce its burden.

Prospective Associations between Maternal and Child Diet Quality and Sedentary Behaviors.

As the most likely primary caregivers, mothers are an integral part of children's social influence and are therefore greatly involved in shaping their children's behaviors. The objectives were to determine the prospective associations between maternal and child diet quality and sedentary behaviors. This study, within the framework of a community-based intervention study, included 1130 children aged 8-10 years and their mothers. The study was carried out during two academic years (2012/2014) with a mean follow-up of 15 months. Exposure and outcome variables were measured at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Diet quality was assessed by the KIDMED questionnaire and the short Diet Quality Screener, respectively. Sedentary behaviors were determined by standardized questions of sedentary behaviors. Maternal consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, legumes, pasta/rice, dairy products, nuts and baked goods were positively associated (p < 0.05) with the corresponding child behavior. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, maternal education and intervention group revealed significant cross-sectional (p < 0.005) and prospective (p < 0.01) associations between maternal and child overall diet quality and sedentary behaviors. Maternal diet quality and sedentary behaviors were predictive for these lifestyle behaviors in children.

Effect of a community-based childhood obesity intervention program on changes in anthropometric variables, incidence of obesity, and lifestyle choices in Spanish children aged 8 to 10 years.

Results of community-based childhood obesity intervention programs do not provide strong evidence for their effectiveness. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the Thao-Child Health Program (TCHP), a community-based, multisetting, multistrategy intervention program for healthy weight development and lifestyle choices. In four Catalan cities, a total of 2250 children aged 8 to 10 years were recruited. Two cities were randomly selected for the TCHP intervention, and two cities followed usual health care policy. Children were selected from 41 elementary schools. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 15 months. Physical activity and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were measured with validated questionnaires. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were fitted to determine the intervention's effect on body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist-to-height ratio, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity. Fully adjusted models revealed that the intervention had no significant effect on the BMI z-score, incidence of general and abdominal obesity, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity. Waist-to-height ratio was significantly lower in controls than in the intervention group at follow-up (p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The TCHP did not improve weight development, diet quality, and physical activity in the short term. What is Known: • There is inconsistent evidence for the efficacy of school-based childhood obesity prevention programs. • There is little evidence on the efficacy of childhood obesity intervention programs in other settings. What is New: • This paper contributes information about the efficacy of a multisetting and multistrategy Community Based Intervention (CBI) program that uses the municipality as its unit of randomization. • This CBI had no effect on the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in the short term.

Leucemia linfocítica crónica con infiltración ocular / Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with eye infiltration

La incidencia de la leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC) aumenta progresivamente con la edad; aproximadamente el 75 por ciento de los casos presentan 60 años o más. Este tipo de leucemia es más frecuente en varones y se desconoce su causa, existen casos que son de origen hereditario. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con el diagnóstico de LLC con infiltración ocular. Paciente blanco, masculino de 76 años de edad con antecedentes de salud de haber sido diagnosticado con LLC desde hace 5 años que se trata con Leukeran (Clorambucil) (2mg) 2 tabletas en el almuerzo y 3 tab en la comida, así como de prednisona (5mg) 1 cada 8 horas solo cuando está descompensado. Hace alrededor de 3 días comenzó con astenia, anorexia, mareos, dolor e inflamación del párpado superior derecho. El examen físico, la biopsia del párpado superior y el frotis de sangre revelaron la presencia de una recaída hematológica de la LLC con infiltración ocular(AU)

The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) increases progressively with age, approximately 75 percent of cases present 60 years or more. This type of leukemia is more frequent in men and its cause is unknown, there are cases that are of hereditary origin. A clinical case of a patient with the diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with ocular infiltration is presented. A 76-year-old white male patient with a health history of having been diagnosed with a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia for 5 years who is treated with Leukeran (Chlorambucil) ( 2mg) 2 tab at lunch and 3 at night; and prednisone (5mg) 1 tab every 8 hours. About 3 days ago begins with asthenia, anorexia, dizziness, pain and swelling of the upper right eyelid. Physical examination, upper eyelid biopsy and blood smears reveal the presence of a hematological relapse with ocular infiltration(AU)

Enfermedad de Rendu Osler Weber: presentación de un caso / Rendu Osler Weber disease: one case report

Fundamento: la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria o enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber es una enfermedad autosómica dominante caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples telangiectasias en piel y mucosas, asociadas a malformaciones arteriovenosas de distintos órganos, incluidos pulmones, sistema gastrointestinal y sistema nervioso central. Su pronóstico es incierto, con un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz es posible mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y lograr una expectativa de vida similar a la de la población general. Objetivo: presentar un caso con el diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria. Caso Clínico: paciente femenina de 64 años de edad con diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hace 17 años, con episodios de epistaxis frecuente, antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad (padre, tíos paternos y hermanos), que ingresa en el servicio de cuidados intermedios con cuadro de epistaxis y manifestaciones clínicas de anemia aguda, lesiones nodulares en manos, dedos y pabellón auricular, con telangiectasias en la lengua. Conclusiones: la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria es una enfermedad poco frecuente pero existen reportes de casos a nivel mundial.

Background: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu Osler Weber Sickness is a dominant autosomic illness characterized by the presence of multiple telangiectasias on skin and mucus, associated to arterovenous malformations in different organs, including lungs, central nervous system and gastrointestinal system. Its prognosis is uncertain. It is possible to improve the quality of life by diagnosing and treating it early, therefore a life expectancy similar to the general population can be reached. Objetive: to present a case with a diagnosis of HHT. Clinical case: A sixty-four-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of HHT 17 years ago, with episodes of frequent epistaxis and a family history of HHT (father, uncles on the father´s side and brothers) is admitted to the ICU with clinical manifestations, acute anemia and nodule lesions on her hands, fingers and auricular pavillion, with telangiectasias on the tongue. Conclusion: HHT is not a common illness but there are cases reported all over the world.

Enfermedad de Rendu Osler Weber: presentación de un caso / Rendu Osler Weber disease: one case report

Fundamento: la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria o enfermedad de Rendu-Osler-Weber es una enfermedad autosómica dominante caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples telangiectasias en piel y mucosas, asociadas a malformaciones arteriovenosas de distintos órganos, incluidos pulmones, sistema gastrointestinal y sistema nervioso central. Su pronóstico es incierto, con un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz es posible mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y lograr una expectativa de vida similar a la de la población general.Objetivo: presentar un caso con el diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria.Caso Clínico: paciente femenina de 64 años de edad con diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hace 17 años, con episodios de epistaxis frecuente, antecedentes familiares de la enfermedad (padre, tíos paternos y hermanos), que ingresa en el servicio de cuidados intermedios con cuadro de epistaxis y manifestaciones clínicas de anemia aguda, lesiones nodulares en manos, dedos y pabellón auricular, con telangiectasias en la lengua.Conclusiones: la telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria es una enfermedad poco frecuente pero existen reportes de casos a nivel mundia(AU)

Background: hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu Osler Weber Sickness is a dominant autosomic illness characterized by the presence of multiple telangiectasias on skin and mucus, associated to arterovenous malformations in different organs, including lungs, central nervous system and gastrointestinal system. Its prognosis is uncertain. It is possible to improve the quality of life by diagnosing and treating it early, therefore a life expectancy similar to the general population can be reached.Objetive: to present a case with a diagnosis of HHT.Clinical case: A sixty-four-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of HHT 17 years ago, with episodes of frequent epistaxis and a family history of HHT (father, uncles on the father´s side and brothers) is admitted to the ICU with clinical manifestations, acute anemia and nodule lesions on her hands, fingers and auricular pavillion, with telangiectasias on the tongue.Conclusion: HHT is not a common illness but there are cases reported all over the world(AU)