Prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: Los trastornos mentales comunes se refieren a una variedad de afecciones de salud mental no psicóticas, como la depresión, ansiedad y manifestaciones somáticas, que son reconocidas en la actualidad como un problema de salud pública debido a las repercusiones en la salud de las personas que lo padecen. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales comunes en estudiantes de la carrera profesional de Enfermería de una universidad pública. Método: El enfoque de investigación fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo-comparativo de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 321 estudiantes y la muestra por 175 estudiantes, quienes respondieron al Self Reporting Questionnaire-SRQ 20, instrumento con adecuados niveles de validez y confiabilidad. Los datos se procesaron a través del software SPSS versión 25. Para el análisis se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y para determinar si los trastornos mentales comunes se asociaban a las variables sociodemográficas propuestas, se recurrió a la prueba no paramétrica ji cuadrado. Resultados: La prevalencia general de los trastornos mentales comunes fue del 39,4 %. Asimismo, se determinó que la prevalencia se asociaba de manera significativa al sexo y al nivel de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe una prevalencia moderada de los trastornos mentales comunes en los estudiantes peruanos de Enfermería.

Introduction: Common mental disorders refer to a variety of non-psychotic mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and somatic manifestations that are currently recognized as a public health problem due to the repercussions on the health of the people who suffer from them. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders among Nursing students at a public university in the Peruvian Amazon. Method: The research approach was quantitative, the design, non-experimental and the type, descriptive-comparative cross-sectional. The population consisted of 321 students and the sample by 175 students who responded to the Self Reporting Questionnaire-SRQ 20, an instrument with adequate levels of validity and reliability. The data was processed through the SPSS version 25 software. For the analysis, descriptive statistics were used and to determine if the common mental disorders were associated with the proposed sociodemographic variables, the non-parametric Chi-Square test was used. Results: The overall prevalence of common mental disorders was found to be 39.4%. Likewise, it was determined that the prevalence was significantly associated with gender and the level of consumption of alcoholic beverages (p< 0.05). Conclusions: There is a moderate prevalence of common mental disorders in Peruvian Nursing students.

Salud mental de los docentes de educación básica durante el retorno a la educación presencial

Introducción: El retorno a la presencialidad luego de la emergencia sanitaria por la COVID-19 está provocando mucha preocupación en el ámbito laboral a los docentes, por ello, es necesario evaluar su salud mental. Objetivo: Describir la presencia de depresión, ansiedad y estrés de los docentes de educación básica al retorno a la educación presencial. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 233 docentes a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Se utilizó la aplicación de mensajería Whatsapp para invitar a los docentes a participar. Se aplicaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos para categorizar las variables según los puntos de corte (leve, moderado y alto) y se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica ji cuadrado con el propósito de determinar si se asociaban con las variables sociodemográficas y laborales propuestas. Resultados: El 56,2 % del total de docentes tenían niveles leves de depresión, el 45,1 % tenían niveles moderados de ansiedad y el 42,9 % también tenían niveles moderados de estrés. Asimismo, se determinó que el sexo se asociaba de manera significativa a las variables de estudio (p< 0,05). Conclusiones: Los docentes de educación básica presentan niveles leves de depresión y niveles moderados de ansiedad y estrés al retorno a la presencialidad. Por otro lado, las mujeres son las que presentan más síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés que los hombres.

Introduction: The return to face-to-face attendance after the health emergency caused by COVID-19 is causing a lot of concern in the workplace for teachers, therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their mental health. Objective: To describe the levels of depression, anxiety and stress of basic education teachers upon return to face-to-face education. Method: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 233 teachers who were administered the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The messaging application Whatsapp was used to invite teachers to participate. Descriptive statistical methods were applied to categorize the variables according to cutoff points (mild, moderate, and high), and the non-parametric Chi-square test was used to determine if they were associated with the proposed sociodemographic and work-related variables. Results: 56.2% of all teachers had mild levels of depression, 45.1% had moderate levels of anxiety and 42.9% also had moderate levels of stress. Likewise, it was determined that gender was significantly associated with the study variables (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Basic education teachers experience mild levels of depression and moderate levels of anxiety and stress upon returning to in-person instruction. On the other hand, women show more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than men.

An investigation of relationships between body compassion, social physique anxiety and physical appearance perfectionism in young people from Iran.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that physical appearance perfectionism could play an important role in social physique anxiety; however, the moderating role of body compassion has not been studied. The current study aims to explore the moderating role of body compassion in the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety in undergraduate students. METHODS: A sample of 418 undergraduates (n = 418; 217 female and 201 males) from three universities in Tehran, Iran completed online questionnaires measuring physical appearance perfectionism, body compassion and social physique anxiety. RESULTS: The results of structural equation modeling showed that physical appearance perfectionism (ß = 0.68, p < 0.001) positively predicted the social physique anxiety and body compassion negatively predicted (ß = - .56, p < 0.001) the social physique anxiety in undergraduate students. A multi-group analysis showed that body compassion acted as a moderator between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that individuals with greater levels of physical appearance perfectionism are more likely to experience social physique anxiety. Also, the results suggested that individuals who were at a high level of the body-compassion group experienced lower levels of social physical anxiety if they also had high levels of physical appearance perfectionism. Therefore, body-compassion acted as a protective role in the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety.

Anxiety over one's physical appearance in social situations is known as social physique anxiety. One of the variables that plays an important role social physique anxiety is physical appearance perfectionism. General perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, the symptoms of eating disorders and muscle dysmorphia and obsessive exercise are all linked to physical appearance perfectionism. The results of the current study showed individuals with high levels of physical appearance perfectionism are more likely to experience social physique anxiety. In the current study, we tested the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety. Body compassion is characterized by diffusion, common humanity, and acceptance of one's own body as opposed to being judgmental, critical, isolated, and over-identifying with unpleasant experiences and emotions. The findings showed in the group with high body- compassion, the relationship between physical appearance perfectionism and social physique anxiety was not significant, which means that body-compassion played a buffering role in this relationship.

Mental Health of University Students When Returning to Face-to-Face Classes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Depression, anxiety and stress are multifactorial affective disorders that could manifest through a set of symptoms, both physical and psychological, that affect the quality of life and performance of people who suffer from them. In this sense, the present research had the objective of evaluating depression, anxiety and stress in students of the Faculty of Engineering of a Peruvian public university when returning to face-to-face classes. The research was developed under a quantitative approach and is of a non-experimental design of the descriptive cross-sectional type. The sample consisted of 244 students who responded to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, an instrument with adequate psychometric properties. According to the results, the students presented low levels of depression and anxiety. However, they showed moderate levels of stress. On the other hand, it was found out that the three variables were directly and significantly related. In the same way, it was found that there were statistically significant differences regarding the levels of depression, anxiety and stress related to gender, age group, family responsibilities and professional career. Finally, it was concluded that there were symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in students of the Faculty of Engineering of a Peruvian public university when returning to face-to-face classes.

Cansancio emocional y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes peruanos de enfermería durante la pospandemia por la COVID-19

Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 ocasionó una serie de repercusiones y cambios drásticos en la salud mental de los estudiantes de pregrado, como el cansancio emocional, lo cual pudo afectar su bienestar psicológico. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre el cansancio emocional y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de la carrera profesional de enfermería. Método: El enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental y el tipo, descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 184 estudiantes a quienes se les aplicó la Escala de Cansancio Emocional y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos, instrumentos adaptados para estudiantes y con adecuados niveles de validez basada en el contenido y confiabilidad. Para identificar la relación entre las variables de estudio se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: El 63 % de los estudiantes evidenciaron niveles moderados de cansancio emocional y el 75 % tuvieron altos niveles de bienestar psicológico. Por otro lado, se observó una correlación inversa entre las variables cansancio emocional y bienestar psicológico (r= -0,267; p< 0,05). Asimismo, se encontró que las mujeres presentaron mayores niveles de cansancio emocional que los varones. Conclusiones: Existe relación inversa y significativa entre el cansancio emocional y el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de Enfermería durante la pospandemia.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a series of repercussions and drastic changes in the mental health of undergraduate students, such as emotional exhaustion, which would have affected their psychological well-being. Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between emotional exhaustion and the psychological well-being of Nursing students. Method: The approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental and the type was descriptive - correlational, cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 184 students to whom the Emotional Fatigue Scale and the Psychological Well-Being Scale for Adults were applied, instruments adapted for students and with adequate levels of validity based on content and reliability. To identify the relationship between the study variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. Results: 63% of the students showed moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and 75% had high levels of psychological well-being. On the other hand, an inverse correlation was observed between the variables emotional exhaustion, and psychological well-being (r= -0.267; p< 0.05). Likewise, it was found that women presented higher levels of emotional exhaustion than men. Conclusions: There is an inverse and significant relationship between emotional exhaustion and the psychological well-being of Nursing students during the post-pandemic.

Concern about the Spread of COVID-19 in Regular Basic Education Teachers When Returning to Face-to-Face Classes.

During the health emergency caused by COVID-19, a series of sensations such as fear, stress, and concern about contracting the virus were developed. Despite the fact that in recent months infection rates have been significantly reduced due to vaccination campaigns, the return of teachers to face-to-face classes established in Peru from April 2022 has increased once again the fear that contagion levels could grow. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the concern of regular basic education teachers about the spread of COVID-19 when returning to face-to-face classes. A quantitative investigation was carried out; the research design was observational and the type of study was descriptive cross-sectional. The sample was made up of 648 teachers who responded to the Scale of Concern for the Contagion of COVID-19, an instrument with adequate psychometric properties. The results show that 43.8% of teachers had moderate levels of concern about the spread of COVID-19, 38.7% had low levels, and 17.5% had high levels. Teachers reported most recurrent concerns about some risks in educational institutions and the fear of spreading COVID-19 to their relatives or people with whom they lived. On the other hand, it was found that some sociodemographic, occupational, and medical variables were significantly associated with this concern (p < 0.05). Then, it was concluded that teachers had moderate levels of concern about the spread of COVID-19 when returning to face-to-face classes.

Síndrome visual informático en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública peruana durante la emergencia sanitaria / Computer visual syndrome in nursing students of a Peruvian public university during the health emergency / índrome da visão do computador em estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública peruana durante a emergência sanitária

La emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 forzó la virtualización de las actividades que se realizaban de manera presencial (estudios, trabajo y socialización) para cumplir con las disposiciones de aislamiento social obligatorio y evitar que las tasas de contagio se incrementen. Por ello, fue necesario que las personas se conecten constantemente a los dispositivos digitales. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar los niveles de síndrome visual informático en los estudiantes de una universidad pública peruana durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño no experimental y el tipo descriptivo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 145 estudiantes de la carrera profesional de Enfermería a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Síndrome Informático (SVI-Q), instrumento con adecuados niveles de confiabilidad y validez basada en el contenido. De acuerdo a los resultados, el nivel de síndrome visual informático del 43,4% de los estudiantes era moderado, del 33,8% era bajo, mientras que del 22,8% era alto. Los principales síntomas que presentaron fueron el ardor o quemazón de los ojos, el lagrimeo y el enrojecimiento ocular. Del mismo modo, se estableció que algunas variables sociodemográficas y ergonómicas como el sexo, el tiempo de exposición a los dispositivos y el uso de estrategias preventivas se asociaban de manera significativa con el síndrome visual informático. Finalmente, se concluyó que los estudiantes se caracterizaban por presentar niveles moderados del síndrome visual informático, por lo que era necesario la aplicación de estrategias preventivas para reducir su prevalencia.

The COVID-19 health emergency forced the virtualization of face-to-face activities (studies, work and socializing) to comply with mandatory social isolation provisions and prevent contagion rates from increasing. Therefore, it was necessary for people to be constantly connected to digital devices. In this sense, the objective of the present research was to analyze the levels of computer visual syndrome in students of a Peruvian public university during the COVID-19 health emergency. The approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental and the type was cross-sectional descriptive. The sample consisted of 145 nursing students who were administered the Computer Visual Syndrome Questionnaire (SVI-Q), an instrument with adequate levels of reliability and content-based validity. According to the results, the level of computer visual syndrome of 43.4% of the students was moderate, 33.8% was low, while 22.8% was high. The main symptoms they presented were burning or stinging of the eyes, tearing and ocular redness. Similarly, it was established that some sociodemographic and ergonomic variables such as sex, time of exposure to the devices and the use of preventive strategies were significantly associated with computer visual syndrome. Finally, it was concluded that students were characterized by presenting moderate levels of computer visual syndrome, so that the implementation of preventive strategies was necessary to reduce its prevalence.

A emergência sanitária COVID-19 forçou a virtualização das atividades presenciais (estudos, trabalho e socialização) para cumprir as disposições obrigatórias de isolamento social e evitar que as taxas de infecção aumentassem. Portanto, era necessário que as pessoas estivessem constantemente conectadas aos dispositivos digitais. Neste sentido, o objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar os níveis de síndrome visual do computador em estudantes de uma universidade pública peruana durante a emergência sanitária da COVID-19. A abordagem era quantitativa, o projeto era não-experimental e descritivo, de corte transversal. A amostra consistiu de 145 estudantes de enfermagem que receberam o Questionário de Síndrome Visual Computadorizada (SVI-Q), um instrumento com níveis adequados de confiabilidade e validade baseada no conteúdo. De acordo com os resultados, o nível de síndrome visual do computador de 43,4% dos estudantes era moderado, 33,8% era baixo, enquanto 22,8% era alto. Os principais sintomas eram ardor ou picada nos olhos, lacrimejamento e vermelhidão nos olhos. Da mesma forma, foi estabelecido que algumas variáveis sócio-demográficas e ergonômicas, como sexo, tempo de exposição aos dispositivos e o uso de estratégias preventivas foram significativamente associados à síndrome visual do computador. Finalmente, concluiu-se que os estudantes se caracterizavam por níveis moderados de síndrome visual do computador e que eram necessárias estratégias preventivas para reduzir sua prevalência.