Frequency and Risk Factors of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic Origin Evaluated by a Dynamic Navigation and a New Filter of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and risk factors of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin (MSEO) on posterior maxillary teeth evaluated using dynamic navigation and a novel filter of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging. METHODS: CBCT scans of 453 patients (814 teeth) were selected. Data were divided into 4 groups: (1) root canal treatment (RCT), (2) relation of the root apex to the maxillary sinus, (3) apical periodontitis (AP), and (4) maxillary sinus inflammation (no inflammation, periapical osteoperiostitis, periapical mucositis, partial obstruction, or total obstruction). Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation were used for data analysis. The association of maxillary sinus abnormalities with other variables was analyzed using the chi-square test. The significance level was set at 5%, and the association between dependent and independent variables was analyzed using robust Poisson regression models. RESULTS: MSEO was found in 65.6% of the cases, and the highest frequency rates were in the periapical mucositis (44%) and partial obstruction (15.8%) groups. The rates of risk factors were highest in the cases of RCT (54.9%), AP (34.3%), and the root apex in contact with the maxillary sinus (53.8%). The most frequent sex and age group were female (55.8%) and 41-50 years (30.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of MSEO was high and positively associated with RCT, AP, and the root apex's position in contact with the floor of the maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus filter of the CBCT software provides a clear image of maxillary sinus abnormalities.

Apical Foramen Position in Relation to Proximal Root Surfaces of Human Permanent Teeth Determined by Using a New Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Software.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the position of the apical foramen (AF) in relation to root surfaces of human permanent teeth using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging and novel advanced imaging analysis software (e-Vol DX; CDT Software, Bauru, SP, Brazil). METHODS: The AF position was determined on CBCT scans viewed and analyzed using e-Vol DX of 1400 teeth (422 patients) according to the root surface as follows: buccal, mesiobuccal, mesial, mesiolingual/palatal, lingual/palatal, distolingual/palatal, distal, distobuccal, and central. Categoric variables were described as frequencies and percentages. Frequencies were reported with their confidence intervals (95%). Categoric variables were analyzed using the chi-square test with Yates correction. The level of significance was set at α = 0.05. RESULTS: The most frequent AF position in maxillary anterior teeth was central (46%-60%). The AF in mandibular central incisors was buccal in 44% of the cases. In maxillary first and second premolars, 39.98% and 42.56% of all AFs were central. In maxillary first and second molars, 46.12% and 57.49% of all AFs were central. The most frequent AF position in mandibular first and second premolars was central (42.85% and 50.98%). In mandibular first molars, 48.72% of all AFs were central. CONCLUSIONS: The AF position in human permanent teeth was central in 48.95% and 42.08% of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. CBCT images analyzed by e-Vol DX can be used to determine the true anatomic position of the AF and can be a useful tool for the treatment planning of nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatments.