ABSTRACT
El cáncer gástrico es una neoplasia común en el mundo, su patrón anatómico cambió, con diferencias entre grupos poblacionales. Es importante establecer la relación entre la localización de la lesión y su histología, planteando exigencias quirúrgicas diferentes. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la patología en Mérida Venezuela y los procedimientos quirúrgicos empleados en su manejo. Método : investigación observacional transversal en pacientes del IAHULA con adenocarcinoma gástrico, durante el periodo enero 2016 hasta diciembre 2020,Resultados : en relación a su localización anatómica la distribución fue: 47 antro pilórico, 33 cardias y el resto en el cuerpo gástrico. Las lesiones difusas o con células en anillo de sello predominaron en las 3 ubicaciones del estómago, pero con cifras similares para aquellas en el cardias/fundus, a diferencia de las lesiones de la región de antro/píloro donde hubo 36 de tipo difuso y 11 de tipo intestinal. Las lesiones antro pilóricas se asociaron con la resección oncológica mediante gastrectomía subtotal (p 0,000). No se detectó asociación entre la localización de la lesión y la clasificación propuesta por Laurent (p 0,073).Conclusión : a pesar de la importancia de la ubicación de la lesión y el tipo histológico para fines quirúrgicos, no se encontró la referida relación, lo que resalta la heterogeneidad en la presentación del adenocarcinoma gástrico en la localidad(AU)
Gastric cancer is a common cancer worldwide; his anatomic pattern did change with differences between populations. It is important to know the relation between localization and histology, because of different surgical exigencies.Objective: in order to determinate the behavior of gastric cancer in Merida, Venezuela. Methods: transversal and observational study, with IAHULA gastric adenocarcinoma patients between January 2016 to December 2020. Results : the anatomical localization distribution was: 47 antro pyloric, 33 at cardias and the other cases at the gastric body. Histological distribution: Diffuses or signet ring cells adenocarcinomas were most common in every gastric localization but similar numbers to the proximal location were placed, different results at antro/pyloric with 36 diffuses and 11 intestinal according the Laurent classification. The antro/pyloric cases had significant relation with resection of subtotal gastrectomy (p 0,000). There was not association between the gastric location and the Laurent classification (p 0,073).Conclusion : no matter the importance described to the initial anatomical location and the histology type talking about surgical implications, there was no relation between both factors, so there is a big heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma in Merida, Venezuela(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stomach Neoplasms , Adenocarcinoma , Histology , General Surgery , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Progranulin (PGRN) is a protein with multiple functions including the regulation of neuroinflammation, neuronal survival, neurite and synapsis growth. Although the mechanisms of action of PGRN are currently unknown, its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative diseases is huge. Thus, strategies to increase PGRN levels in patients could provide an effective treatment. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AZP2006, a lysotropic molecule now in phase 2a clinical trial in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy patients, for its ability to increase PGRN level and promote neuroprotection. We showed for the first time the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects of AZP2006 in neurons injured with Aß1-42 and in two different pathological animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. Thus, the chronic treatment with AZP2006 was shown to reduce the loss of central synapses and neurons but also to dramatically decrease the massive neuroinflammation associated with the animal pathology. A deeper investigation showed that the beneficial effects of AZP2006 were associated with PGRN production. Also, AZP2006 binds to PSAP (the cofactor of PGRN) and inhibits TLR9 receptors normally responsible for proinflammation when activated. Altogether, these results showed the high potential of AZP2006 as a new putative treatment for AD and related diseases.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Aging/pathology , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Amyloid beta-Peptides/toxicity , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Microglia/drug effects , Microglia/pathology , Models, Biological , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/pathology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Piperazines/pharmacology , Progranulins/metabolism , Protein Multimerization , Rats , Saposins/metabolism , SolubilityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) enzymes compose a family of membrane-bound proteins characterized by their multi-domain structure and ADAM-12 expression is elevated in human non-small cell lung cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles played by ADAM-12 in critical steps of bronchial cell transformation during carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To assess the role of ADAM-12 in tumorigenicity, BEAS-2B cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding human full-length ADAM-12 cDNA, and then the effects of ADAM-12 overexpression on cell behaviour were explored. Treatment of clones with heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) neutralizing antibodies as well as an EGFR inhibitor allowed the dissection of mechanisms regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS: Overexpression of ADAM-12 in BEAS-2B cells promoted cell proliferation. ADAM-12 overexpressing clones produced higher quantities of HB-EGF in their culture medium which may rely on membrane-bound HB-EGF shedding by ADAM-12. Targeting HB-EGF activity with a neutralizing antibody abrogated enhanced cell proliferation in the ADAM-12 overexpressing clones. In sharp contrast, targeting of amphiregulin, EGF or transforming growth factor-alpha failed to influence cell proliferation; moreover, ADAM-12 transfectants were resistant to etoposide-induced apoptosis and the use of a neutralizing antibody against HB-EGF activity restored rates of apoptosis to be similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS: ADAM-12 contributes to enhancing HB-EGF shedding from plasma membranes leading to increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis in this bronchial epithelial cell line.
Subject(s)
ADAM Proteins/metabolism , Apoptosis , Bronchi/cytology , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Epithelial Cells/enzymology , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , ADAM12 Protein , Animals , Cell Line , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Clone Cells , Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor , Humans , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Injections, Subcutaneous , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Mice , Mice, SCID , Neoplasm Invasiveness , TransfectionABSTRACT
Presentar el caso clínico de una patología poco frecuente su manejo y su resolución quirúrgica, tratado en el Servico de Cirugía General IAHULA Mérida-Venezuela. Revisión de la literatura y descripción del caso clínico. El feocromocitoma es una enfermedad inusual y es causa de hipertensión arterial secundaria. Se presenta más frecuentemente como un tumor adrenal unilateral y en los mayores de 60 años. Las manifestaciones clínicas más comunes son cefalea paroxística, palpitaciones, diaforesis e hipertensión arterial paroxística o persistente. El diagnóstico se apoya en la clínica y en la determinación bioquímica, siendo el métdodo de elección la cuantificación de metanefrinas plasmáticas. Planteado el diagnósticio, es fundamental conocer la localización del tumor, lo que debe ser realizado mediante tomografía axial computada o resonancia nuclear magnética. El tratamiento consiste en el empleo de drogas antihipertensivas y la resección quirúrgica del tumor. Las drogas de elección son los antagonistas de los receptores alfa 2 adrenérgicos y/o bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, la resección puede ser realizada por laparotomía clásica como lo fue nuestro caso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hypertension/diagnosis , Laparotomy/methods , Adrenal Medulla/anatomy & histology , Adrenal Medulla/pathology , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Weight Loss/physiology , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Pheochromocytoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Los linfomas del tracto gastrointestinal son el tipo más frecuente de linfomas extraganglionares y de estos el 15 por ciento a 20 por ciento son de localización intestinal. Los linfomas colónicos primarios son extremadamente raros, comprenden 0,2 por ciento a 0,6 por ciento de todas las neoplasias malignas de colon. Pueden ser B o T. Los tipo T son menos comunes y pueden estar o no asociados a enteropatía celiaca, enfermedad de Crohn y/o SIDA, siendo más frecuente en hombres adultos en una proporción de 2:1. Son de evolución lenta, clínicamente debutan con dolor abdominal asociado a cuadros obstructivos, seguidos de diarrea, hemorragia, perforación, o masa abdominal. El tratamiento es controvertido, en vista de que solamente el 30 por ciento de los pacientes que van a cirugía tienen la firme presunción de linfoma. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 62 años, quien consultó por dolor abdominal en hipocondrio izquierdo de 30 días de evolución asociado a anorexia, náuseas, vómitos y melena. Los estudios de extensión gastrointestinales reportaron dentro de lo normal, en la tomografía axial computarizada abdominal se evidenció tumoración en hipocondrio izquierdo que comprimía extrínsecamente al colon descendente; siendo intervenido quirúrgicamente hallándose una gran adherencia entre epiplón mayor, peritoneo, mesocolon, ángulo esplénico, yeyuno y mesenterio, en el cual, se evidenció tumoración de 15 cm de diámetro. Se realizó una colectomía parcial y resección intestinal más anastomosis T-T, con buena evolución posoperatoria.
Lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract are the most frequent type of primary extranodal lymphomas and of these, the 15 % to 20 % are of intestinal location. The primary colonic lymphomas is extremely rare, they include 0.2 % to 0.6 % of all the colonic malignant neoplasm. They can be B or T. Intestinal T-cell lymphomas are much less common and can be or no associate to enteropathy celiac, Crohns disease and/or AIDS. They are more frequent in adult men in a proportion of 2:1. They are of slow evolution, clinically they make debut with abdominal pain associate to obstructive squares, followed by diarrhea, hemorrhages, perforation or abdominal mass. The treatment is controverted, in view of which only 30 % of the patients who go to surgery have the firm presumption of lymphoma. We present the case of a 62 year-old male patient who consulted by abdominal pain in left hypochondriac of 30 days of evolution associated to anorexia, sick feeling, vomits and manes. The gastrointestinal extension studies reported normal; the Computerized Axial Tomography showed a tumor in left hypochondriac that compressed extrinsically the descending colon. The patient was under surgery finding in a great adherence among great omentun, peritoneum, mesocolon, splenic flexure, jejunum and mesentery surgically, a 15 cm diameter tumor in jejune and great omentun. We realized a partial colectomy and small intestine resection with a T-T anastomosis with a well post-operative evolution.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Colectomy/methods , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis , Colonic Neoplasms/surgery , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy/methods , Colon, Descending/injuries , Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology , Medical OncologyABSTRACT
Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was determined in erythrocyte membranes from 12 phenylketonuric patients of both sexes, aged 8.8 +/- 5.0 y, with plasma phenylalanine levels of 0.64 +/- 0.31 mM. The in vitro effects of phenylalanine and alanine on the enzyme activity in erythrocyte membranes from healthy individuals were also investigated. We observed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was decreased by 31% in erythrocytes from phenylketonuric patients compared with normal age-matched individuals (p < 0.01). We also observed a significant negative correlation between erythrocyte Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity and plasma phenylalanine levels (r = -0.65; p < 0.05). All PKU patients with plasma phenylalanine levels higher than 0.3 mM had erythrocyte Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity below the normal range. Phenylalanine inhibited in vitro erythrocyte Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity by 22 to 34%, whereas alanine had no effect on this activity. However, when combined with phenylalanine, alanine prevented Na(+) K(+)-ATPase inhibition. Considering that reduction of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity occurs in various neurodegenerative disorders leading to neuronal loss, our previous observations showing a significant reduction of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in brain cortex of rats subjected to experimental phenylketonuria and the present results, it is proposed that determination of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in erythrocytes may be a useful peripheral marker for the neurotoxic effect of phenylalanine in phenylketonuria.
Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Membrane/enzymology , Phenylketonurias/blood , Phenylketonurias/enzymology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/blood , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of phenylalanine or alanine alone or combined on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in membranes from human platelets were investigated. The enzyme activity was assayed in membranes prepared from platelet-rich plasma of healthy donors. Phenylalanine or alanine were added to the assay to final concentrations of 0.3 to 1.2 mM, similar to those found in plasma of phenylketonuric patients. Phenylalanine inhibited Na+, K+-ATPase activity by 20-50% [F(4,25)=11.47 ; p<0.001]. Alanine had no effect on Na+, K+-ATPase activity but when combined with phenylalanine prevented the enzyme inhibition. These results, allied to others previously reported on brain Na+, K+-ATPase activity, may reflect a general inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on this important enzyme activity. Therefore, it is possible that measurement of Na+, K+-ATPase activity in platelets from PKU patients may be a useful peripheral marker for the neurotoxic effects of phenylalanine.
Subject(s)
Alanine/toxicity , Blood Platelets/drug effects , Neurotoxins/toxicity , Phenylalanine/toxicity , Phenylketonurias/enzymology , Phenylketonurias/physiopathology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/drug effects , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Platelets/cytology , Blood Platelets/enzymology , Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase/drug effects , Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase/metabolism , Cell Membrane/drug effects , Cell Membrane/enzymology , Humans , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolismABSTRACT
La presente investigación se desarrolla en el marco del proyecto de mejoramiento de calidad del aire de Quito y del control de emisiones vehiculares en el Distrito Metropolitano, que ejecutan conjuntamente la fundación Natura y el Municipio de Quito. Con el propósito de determinar la influencia de la contaminación ambiental producida por las emisiones respiratorias en niños de zonas urbanas y rurales de Quito, fueron estudiados 906 niños: 311 niños de una escuela del Centro Histórico, zona de alto flujo vehicular, 302 niños de una escuela de un barrio periférico, zona de bajo flujo vehicular, 302 niños de una escuela de un barrio periférico, zona de bajo flujo vehicular y 293 niños de una parroquia rural...
Subject(s)
Air Pollution , Child , Environmental Pollution , Respiratory Tract Diseases , EcuadorABSTRACT
Accurate measurements of the hydrogen gas produced by Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei pure cultures during glucose metabolism were performed under different growth conditions: stagnant, with magnetic stirring or with vibrational shaking. These measurements were carried out using an electrochemical hydrogen sensor based on a platinum-coated solid polymer electrolyte membrane (Pt-SPE). The results obtained were dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions of the growth, with greater hydrogen production being associated with the stagnant conditions. These measurements will eventually enable us to elucidate whether the pathway used for glucose metabolism is either strictly or mainly anaerobic and to modify experimental conditions so as to influence the reaction.
Subject(s)
Electrochemistry , Enterobacteriaceae/metabolism , Hydrogen/analysis , Culture Media , Enterobacteriaceae/growth & development , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationABSTRACT
Células polimorfonucleares de la sangre circulante fueron colocadas sobre la superficie de un portaobjetos; las células no adheridas fueron removidad y las adheridas incubadas curante 30 minutos con una suspensión de levaduras. El indice fagocítico se determinó contando en número total de levaduras fagocitadas. Valor del indice fagocítico en pacientes normales: fue 3-5. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con quemaduras tipo AB, B. Las quemaduras de tipo AB, B disminuyen la fagocitosis de los macrófagos. La máxima disminución del indice fagocítico fue observada en pacientes con quemaduras tipo AB, B que cubrían entre el 40 y el 65 por ciento de superficie corporal total, a los 10-15 días de ocurrida la quemadura. Mientras que la disminución del indice fagocítico era menos pronunciada en quemaduras tipo AB, B que cubrían menos del 15 por ciento de superficie corporal total. La biopsia bacteriológica cuantitativa mostraba un número de bacterias 10²-10 al cubo ufc/gr. cuando el indice fagocítico esataba entre 2,7-3 y un número de bacterias mayor a 10 a la quinta ufc/gr. cuando el índice fagocítico era inferior a 2. Además se detectó la adherencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa en las heridas cuando el índice fagocítico caía por debajo de 2,5. Conociendo el índice fagocítico podemos tener una idea de cuando los pacientes quemados graves están en peligro de infecciones severas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Burns/immunology , Phagocytosis , Culture Techniques , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Blood Bactericidal Activity , InfectionsABSTRACT
Células polimorfonucleares de la sangre circulante fueron colocadas sobre la superficie de un portaobjetos; las células no adheridas fueron removidad y las adheridas incubadas curante 30 minutos con una suspensión de levaduras. El indice fagocítico se determinó contando en número total de levaduras fagocitadas. Valor del indice fagocítico en pacientes normales: fue 3-5. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con quemaduras tipo AB, B. Las quemaduras de tipo AB, B disminuyen la fagocitosis de los macrófagos. La máxima disminución del indice fagocítico fue observada en pacientes con quemaduras tipo AB, B que cubrían entre el 40 y el 65 por ciento de superficie corporal total, a los 10-15 días de ocurrida la quemadura. Mientras que la disminución del indice fagocítico era menos pronunciada en quemaduras tipo AB, B que cubrían menos del 15 por ciento de superficie corporal total. La biopsia bacteriológica cuantitativa mostraba un número de bacterias 10²-10 al cubo ufc/gr. cuando el indice fagocítico esataba entre 2,7-3 y un número de bacterias mayor a 10 a la quinta ufc/gr. cuando el índice fagocítico era inferior a 2. Además se detectó la adherencia de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa en las heridas cuando el índice fagocítico caía por debajo de 2,5. Conociendo el índice fagocítico podemos tener una idea de cuando los pacientes quemados graves están en peligro de infecciones severas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Burns/immunology , Culture Techniques , Infections , Phagocytosis , Pseudomonas aeruginosaSubject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Male , Female , Eosinophils , Hemoglobins , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Dominican RepublicABSTRACT
Low serum levels of zinc and copper have recently been reported in association with TPN and the fasting state. A prospective study during May 1977 through November 1978 was performed in 28 patients undergoing TPN. Serum and urinary Zn and Cu levels were detected; the patient population was divided in septic and non septic groups and each was subdivided according to plasma administration. In both groups low serum Zn and Cu levels were detected. The urinary losses were greater in the group with sepsis. Three patients had clinical manifestations of Zn deficiency, in two it was reversible with the administration of diet or oral Zn. The third one died of sepsis. The low serum levels found in our patients suggested that plasma administration might be insufficient to cover the daily requirements of such elements. This requirement is augmented by the increased urinary losses seen in septic postoperative stages.
