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1.
ENFURO: Rev. Asoc. Esp. A.T.S. Urol ; (136): 19-25, mayo 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-184670

ABSTRACT

Un estoma en general representa la pérdida de continuidad de la piel y por tanto de la barrera de protección que esta ofrece. Es por ello que existe un riesgo elevado de que se produzcan alteraciones tanto en el propio estoma como en la piel periestomal, un riesgo que se ve aumentado cuando se trata de ostomía que excretan secreciones líquidas (orina). Por tanto es de suma importancia hacer una correcta valoración y seguimiento tanto del estoma como de la piel que lo circunda para detectar cualquier anomalía y (minimizar el problema) poner solución


A stoma represents a loss of continuity of the skin, and so the skin barrier it offers. Therefore there is a high risk of alterations in the stoma and peristomal skin, this risk can increase when stomata excrete liquid secretions (urine). thus, it is of utmost importance to make an accurate assessment and follow-up care in order to detect and kind of abnormality and solve it


Subject(s)
Humans , Ostomy/methods , Ostomy/nursing , Surgical Stomas/adverse effects , Nephrology Nursing/methods , Edema/complications , Hemorrhage/complications , Edema/nursing , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/nursing , Hemorrhage/nursing , Skin Care/nursing
2.
ENFURO: Rev. Asoc. Esp. A.T.S. Urol ; (134): 29-34, feb. 2018. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171288

ABSTRACT

A nivel mundial, el 19 por mil de todos los cánceres es atribuible al medio ambiente. Está demostrada la influencia de los factores medioambientales en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical. En los países occidentales, en el varón es el 4º cáncer más frecuente y el 8º en mujeres. En este estudio trataremos de demostrar de qué modo influyen algunas profesiones de las denominadas de riesgo en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical (CV). Para ello realizamos un estudio epidemiológico observacional y retrospectivo, caso-control: 500 casos (diagnóstico de CV previo) y 500 controles, habitantes de la provincia de Cádiz, los controles emparejados en edad y sexo a los casos. Del estudio original, mucho más amplio, extraemos los resultados obtenidos para un determinado factor: "Profesiones de riesgo". Se compara la exposición relativa de cada grupo a dicha variable o factor tanto de forma global como para cada profesión de riesgo individualizada. Analizamos estadísticamente su influencia en función de la profesión de cada sujeto y su situación laboral, activo o jubilado, en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. A la vista de los resultados concluimos que de forma global el tener una profesión de riesgo, sin ser un factor de riesgo estadísticamente significativo, se aproxima mucho a serlo. Individualmente, la profesión "construcción" sí muestra datos estadísticamente significativos sobre su incidencia en el CV


Globally, 19 per-mille of all cancers are attributable to the environment. The influence of environmental factors on the development of bladder cancer has been demonstrated. In the western countries, in the male is the 4th most frequent cancer and the 8th in women. In this study we will try to demonstrate how some occupations of the so-called risk factors influence the development of bladder cancer (CV). To do this, we performed an observational and retrospective epidemiological study, case-control: 500 cases (diagnosis of previous CV) and 500 controls, inhabitants of the province of Cádiz, controls matched in age and sex to the cases. From the original study, much more extensive we extract the results obtained for a certain factor: Risk occupations. The relative exposure of each group to that variable or factor is compared. We statistically analyze their influence depending on the occupation of each subject and their employment status, active or retired, in the development of this disease. In view of the results we conclude that in general, having a risk occupation, without being a statistically significant risk factor, it's close to being. Individually the occupation "construction" shows statistically significant data on its incidence in the CV


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Occupational Risks , Risk Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/nursing , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Case-Control Studies , Epidemiologic Studies
3.
ENFURO: Rev. Asoc. Esp. A.T.S. Urol ; (133): 25-28, ago. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-171300

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivos. El cáncer de vejiga es el séptimo tipo de cáncer más frecuentemente diagnosticado en los varones a nivel mundial. Su presentación clínica suele ser con síntomas de hematuria macro o microscópica. La resección endoscópica transuretral (RTU) es el pilar diagnóstico y terapéutico. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el perfil del paciente que ingresa en una unidad de Urología para RTU de vejiga con el fin de detectar los posibles riesgos que puedan presentar. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo transversal descriptivo y analítico que incluyó 108 pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Urología del Hospital Universitario a los que se practicó RTU vesical a lo largo del año 2016. Los datos fueron obtenidos de las correspondientes historias clínicas electrónicas de urología y anestesia. Se recogieron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, duración de la hospitalización, peso corporal y altura para obtención del índice de masa corporal (IMC), hábito tabáquico, ingesta habitual de alcohol, diagnóstico previo o tratamiento para hipertensión, dislipemia, diabetes mellitus y antecedentes de cáncer, así como estimación del riesgo anestésico mediante clasificación ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) y valoración funcional con escala NYHA (New York Heart Association) y determinaciones analíticas prequirúrgicas de hemograma y bioquímica plasmática. Resultados. El 91,7 por mil de los pacientes sometidos a RTU vesical fueron varones y la edad fue de 69,9 ± 11,3 años. Un 20,4 por mil era fumador. Un 38,0 por mil de los pacientes presentó sobrepeso y un 38,9 por mil obesidad. La prevalencia de hipertensión, dislipemia, diabetes y cáncer previo fue del 63,9 por mil el 40,7 por mil , el 25,9 por mil y el 25,9 por mil , respectivamente. Un 62,0 por mil presentaba un riesgo anestésico ASA de clase II, seguido de un 25,9 por mil que lo presentaba clase III. La valoración funcional mediante escala NYHA más prevalente, 93,5 por mil , fue la de clase I. La cifra media de hemoglobina fue de 12,4 ± 2,2 g/dl. La duración media de hospitalización fue de 2,8 ± 4,4 días. En conclusión, el perfil del paciente sometido a RTU vesical es varón, de edad avanzada, con sobrepeso u obesidad además de elevada prevalencia de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular como HTA, dislipemia y diabetes, con riesgo anestésico clase II, es decir con enfermedad sistémica leve, controlada y no incapacitante, sin limitación de la actividad física de causa cardíaca y con anemia leve


Background and objectives. Bladder cancer is the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Its clinical presentation is usually with symptoms of macro or microscopic hematuria. Transurethral endoscopic resection (TUR) is the diagnostic and therapeutic mainstay. The objective of the present study was to describe the profile of the patient who enters a urology unit for bladder TUR in order to detect possible risks that they may present. Patients and Methods. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional retrospective study that included 108 patients treated at the Urology Clinical Unit of the University Hospital, who underwent TUR throughout 2016. The data were obtained from the corresponding electronic medical histories of surgery and anesthesia. The following variables were collected: age, sex, duration of hospitalization, body weight and height to obtain body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, habitual alcohol intake, previous diagnosis or treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cancer, as well as anesthesia risk estimation using the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional assessment and pre-surgical blood chemistry and biochemical analytical determinations. Results. Ninety-one percent of the patients undergoing bladder TUR were male and the age was 69.9 ± 11.3 years, 20.4 per-mille were smokers, 38.0 per-mille of the patients were overweight and 38.9 per-mille were obese. The prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and previous cancer was 63.9 per-mille , 40.7 per-mille , 25.9 per-mille and 25.9 per-mille , respectively. A 62.0 per-mille presented a class II ASA anesthetic risk, followed by 25.9 per-mille that presented class III ASA. The most prevalent NYHA functional assessment, 93.5 per-mille , was class I. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.4 ± 2.2 g / dl. The mean duration of hospitalization was 2.8 ± 4.4 days. In conclusion, the profile of the patient submitted to bladder TUR is a male, elderly with overweight or obesity, as well as a high prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, with a class II anesthesia risk, with mild systemic disease, non-disabling, without limitation of physical activity of cardiac cause and with mild anemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/nursing , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Hematuria/complications , Urologic Surgical Procedures/nursing , Urologic Surgical Procedures/rehabilitation , Nursing Assessment/organization & administration , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods
4.
ENFURO: Rev. Asoc. Esp. A.T.S. Urol ; (132): 15-21, mar. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-161249

ABSTRACT

A nivel mundial, el 19% de todos los cánceres es atribuible al medio ambiente. Está demostrada la influencia de los factores medioambientales en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical. En los países occidentales, en el varón es el cuarto cáncer más frecuente y el octavo en mujeres. En este estudio trataremos de demostrar de qué modo influye tanto la cantidad ingerida de agua como el tipo de la misma (corriente, mineral o de pozo) en el desarrollo del cáncer vesical (CV). Para ello realizamos un estudio epidemiológico observacional y retrospectivo, caso-control: 500 casos (diagnóstico de CV previo) y 500 controles, habitantes de la provincia de Cádiz, los controles emparejados en edad y sexo a los casos. Del estudio original, mucho más amplio, extraemos los resultados obtenidos para un determinado factor: AGUA ingerida. Se compara la exposición relativa de cada grupo a dicha variable o factor. Analizamos estadísticamente su influencia en función de la cantidad y tipo de agua ingerida en el desarrollo de esta enfermedad. A la vista de los resultados pensamos que al aumentar el volumen de líquidos ingeridos y la frecuencia miccional disminuimos el tiempo de exposición de carcinógenos presentes en la orina sobre el urotelio. En cuanto al tipo de agua, parece problemática la ingesta de agua de pozo, aunque se necesitan más estudios. Concluimos que consumos por debajo de 1 litro suponen un factor de riesgo y por encima de 2 litros, un factor protector


Globally, 19% of all cancers are attributable to the environment. The influence of environmental factors on the development of bladder cancer has been demonstrated. In the western countries, in the male is the 4th most frequent cancer and the 8th in women. In this study, we will try to demonstrate how the amount of water ingested and its type (tape water, mineral water, or well water) influence the development of bladder cancer (CV). To do this, we performed an observational and retrospective epidemiological study, case-control: 500 cases (diagnosis of previous CV) and 500 controls, inhabitants of the province of Cádiz, controls matched in age and sex to the cases. From the original study, much more extensive we extract the results obtained for a certain factor: WATER ingested. The relative exposure of each group to that variable or factor is compared. We analyzed its influence statistically according to the amount and type of water ingested in the development of this disease. In view of the results, we believe that by increasing the volume of fluids ingested and the frequency of micturition we decrease the time of exposure of carcinogens present in the urine over the urothelium. Regarding the type of water, well water intake seems problematic, although more studies are needed. We conclude that: consumption below 1 liter is a risk factor and above 2 liters is a protective factor


Subject(s)
Humans , Drinking , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Drinking Water/analysis , Risk Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/prevention & control , Age and Sex Distribution , Water Quality , Case-Control Studies
6.
ENFURO: Rev. Asoc. Esp. A.T.S. Urol ; (121): 9-18, abr. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-108717

ABSTRACT

El cáncer vesical tiene una alta incidencia y prevalencia y se ha relacionado con numerosos factores de riesgo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los factores que influyen, y en qué intensidad, en la incidencia del cáncer vesical en nuestra área sanitaria. Realizamos un estudio observacional de caso-control en 100 pacientes con tumores de vejiga emparejados con 100 controles para analizar el papel de posibles factores de riesgo en la etiología del cáncer de vejiga en nuestra área asistencial. Los factores de riesgo incluidos en el estudio fueron: antecedentes familiares de neoplasia vesical, tabaco, ocupación, ingesta de agua, ingesta de alcohol, ingesta de café, consumo de grasas, consumo de analgésicos, antecedentes patología urológica. La influencia de las variables fueron analizadas mediante cálculo de OR (..) (AU)


Bladder cancer is a disease with high incidence and prevalence and is associated with multiple risk factors. The objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors and their influence in the incidence of bladder cancer in our area. We performed a case control observational study to analyse the role of the risk factors in the aetiology of bladder cancer in our patients. The risk factors were: family history of bladder cancer, tobacco, occupation, daily water ingestion, alcohol, pattern of coffee drinking, analgesic use, previous history of urologic disorder. The analysis and comparison of variables were done with Odds ratio, chi-square and logistic regression. Tobacco was the main known etiological factor detected in 85% of cases versus 36% of controls (OR of non smokers 0,099: CI 95% 0,050-0,197;p<0,00). The house building was showed to have the tendency as a risk factor that did not reach statistical significance (16% cases vs 7% controls; OR 2,5; CI 95% 0,993-6,452; p=0,157). The rest of variables were not significant in aetiology of bladder cancer. Logistic regression highlighted tobacco habit as unique variable influencing in the etiology of bladder cancer (exp (B) OR 9,335; CI 95% 4,599- 18,950; sig 0,000).Our study showed the clear influence of tobacco in the aetiology of bladder cancer in our patients. The observed tendency in the house building workers should be evaluated in future studies. Other variables were not significant (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Genetic Predisposition to Disease
9.
Actas Urol Esp ; 24(6): 481-7, 2000 Jun.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11011431

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the ultrasound characteristics of the vesico-urethral anastomotic complex in patients with radical prostatectomy to separate normal prostate fossae from those affected by local recurrence or residual tumour. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 1998 and June 1999 15 ultrasound guided transrectal biopsies of vesico-urethral anastomosis or prostate fossae were performed in patients with radical prostatectomy. The selection criteria to perform puncture in these patients were a negative extension study (abdominal-pelvic CT and bone scan), PSA higher than 0.4 ng/mL and/or suspicious DRE. The study was completed with 10 transrectal ultrasound (TRU) after radical prostatectomy in patients with normal PSA and DRE. TRU parameters in patients with tumour-positive biopsies were compare to those from patients with negative biopsies and those obtained from TRU in patients with both normal PSA and normal DRE. RESULTS: The ultrasound parameters that best described prostate fossa abnormalities were the presence of hypoechoic masses or nodes and the integrity or not of the retro-anastomotic fat layer. When a hypoechoic mass or node was found at the anastomosis level, 80% biopsies were positive for tumour local recurrence. The percentage increases when changes are seen at the retro-anastomotic fat layer. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a good correlation between ultrasound abnormalities and positive biopsies, ultrasound findings from the vesico-urethral anastomosis in patients with radical prostatectomy are not well defined. Nodes or ultrasound irregularities can exist in normal prostate fossae as well as normal anastomosis ultrasound in the presence of tumoral relapses. We believe TRU of vesico-urethral anastomosis to be the best method available to evaluate local recurrence or tumoral persistence after radical prostatectomy.


Subject(s)
Postoperative Care , Prostatectomy , Urethra/diagnostic imaging , Urethra/surgery , Urinary Bladder/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Humans , Rectum , Ultrasonography/methods
10.
Actas urol. esp ; 24(6): 481-487, jun. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-5758

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar las características ecográficas del complejo anastomótico vésicouretral en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical, con el fin de diferenciar las fosas prostáticas normales de las patológicas por recurrencia local o tumor residual. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: En un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre enero de 1998 y junio de 1999 se realizaron 15 biopsias transrectales ecodirigidas de las anastomosis vésicouretrales o fosas prostáticas, en pacientes que habían sido sometidos a prostatectomía radical por adenocarcinoma de próstata. Los criterios de selección para llevar a cabo la punción en estos pacientes fueron que tuvieran, después de la prostatectomía radical, un estudio de extensión (TAC abdominopélvico y gammagrafía ósea) negativo, un PSA por encima de 0,4 ng/ml y/o un tacto rectal sospechoso. Se completó el trabajo con la realización de 10 ecografías transrectales en pacientes después de prostatectomía radical con PSA y tacto rectal normales. Se compararon los parámetros obtenidos de las ecografías transrectales de los pacientes en los que las biopsias dieron resultados positivos para tumor, con aquellos otros parámetros de los pacientes con biopsias negativas y con aquellos que se obtuvieron de las ecografías transrectales en pacientes con PSA, y tactos rectales normales. RESULTADOS: Los parámetros ecográficos que mejor definieron las anomalías a nivel de la fosa prostática, fueron la presencia de alguna masa o nódulo hipoecoico y la integridad o no del plano graso retroanastomótico. Cuando se encontró masa o nódulo hipoecoico a nivel de la anastomosis, el 80 por ciento de las biopsias fueron positivas para recurrencia local tumoral. Este porcentaje aumentó cuando, además, se evidenció alguna alteración a nivel del tejido graso retroanastomótico. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de la buena correlación que pueda existir entre anomalías ecográficas y biopsias positivas, los hallazgos sonográficos de la anastomosis vésicouretral en pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical no están bien definidos. Pueden existir nódulos o irregularidades ecográficas en fosas prostáticas normales, y por el contrario anastomosis ecográficamente normales con recidiva tumoral. Consideramos la ecografía transrectal de la anastomosis vésicouretral como el mejor método del que disponemos a la hora de valorar la recurrencia local o la persistencia tumoral después de prostatectomía radical (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Care , Prostatectomy , Ultrasonography , Urethra , Rectum , Anastomosis, Surgical , Urinary Bladder
11.
Actas Urol Esp ; 23(9): 806-10, 1999 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10608069

ABSTRACT

Case report of prostate transitional carcinoma diagnosed by transurethral resection, an infrequent tumour with incidence ranging from 1% to 4% of all prostate neoplasias which appears in 2.8% of all radical cystoprostatectomies specimens carried out at the Mayo Clinic. Most commonly, when it appears in the prostate this tumour is simultaneous or subsequent to other transitional carcinoma arisen in other organs mostly the bladder. Very rarely it occurs as an early form within the ducts and even less often within the prostate acinus. Review of the neoplasia histology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures and management, emphasising the aggressiveness of its behaviour (such as in our case report) when the prostate gland stroma is infiltrated by the tumour.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Aged , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , Humans , Male , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
12.
Actas Urol Esp ; 23(7): 587-95, 1999.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10488613

ABSTRACT

Revision of all primitive tumours of the bladder diagnosed in our Service between July 1990 and July 1998. Among a total of 703 neoplasms of the bladder only 14 were non-transitional primitive tumours, accounting for just 1.98%. Eleven were malignant neoplasms with a diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma in nine cases, one adenocarcinoma and one bladder adenocarcinoma. The other three were benign tumours: one haemangioma and two leiomyomas. From a clinical perspective, the predominant symptom was haematuria, followed by irritative symptoms. The two leiomyomas were accidental findings during a gynaecological examination (ultrasound) and a diagnostic examination for a nephritic colic (urography). The diagnostic means used and the extension studies were the same as used for transitional neoplasms. In general, treatment of benign neoplasms was partial cystectomy or transurethral resection while it was radical surgery for the malignant tumours when the existing criteria were an indication for that type of surgery (cystoprostatectomy with bypass), since there are no definite criteria with regards to therapy due to the low incidence of these tumours. Only three of the 11 patients with malignant neoplasms are still alive. All the others died within one year of diagnosis, an evidence of the aggressiveness of these tumours. These cases were considered primitive bladder tumours once it was concluded that there was no relation with any previous or simultaneous transitional neoplasms and that there had been no primitive tumour in a different organ.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma/mortality , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/surgery , Cystectomy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Urinary Bladder/pathology , Urinary Bladder/surgery , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery
13.
Actas Urol Esp ; 22(5): 396-400, 1998 May.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9675918

ABSTRACT

We have revised the urinary diversions made through the Mainz Pouch II technique in those patients who needed a radical cystectomy because of a neoplastic disease. We will point out the pre and post operatory manometric studies realised in all of them as well as the different complications which were found. In our opinion, the pressure advantages that such technique is supposed to prove have not succeeded in our studies, that is the reason why we believe that a future research is needed to endorse such operatory modification.


Subject(s)
Colon, Sigmoid/surgery , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/surgery , Urinary Diversion/methods , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Manometry , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications
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