[Importance of the examination level in the ultrasonic diagnosis of knee joint meniscus injuries]. / A vizsgálati síkok jelentösége a térdízületi meniscus sérülések ultrahangos felismerésében.

One hundred and five cases have been selected at random out of the first 500 ultrasonographic examinations of the knee joint. The ultrasonographic findings have been compared to the arthroscopic operative descriptions. Examinations have been performed on intact knee joint menisci of dead young persons to improve specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the method. Based on these experiences, optimal method of examination of the semilunar cartilage is reported. Special attention is given to the advantages of two-view (cross and longitudinal section) examinations. Against the opinion of many authors it is stated that longitudinal section image of the meniscus provides more information even in cases of longitudinal ruptures, while radial injuries can be recognized only in this plane.

[Diagnosis and management of "jumper's knee"]. / Az ugrótérd-szindróma diagnosztikája és kezelése.

Authors deal with a characteristic and frequent sport damage, not yet described in the professional literature of this country. The Syndrome "Jumper's knee" is a collective term comprising the insertiopathies in the knee region, developed in consequence of the overuse of the extensors. During 6 years 385 patients were treated for this problem at the National Institute for Sport Medicine, Department of Sport Surgery and operations were performed in 47 cases. The average age of the patients was 18.9 years, of the patients operated 23.4 years. The most frequent sports were: basket-ball, volley-ball, athletic jumping. Authors stress the importance of ultrasound examination in this disease, otherwise poor in symptoms. The conservative treatment was carried out according to clinical stages and its results are better in early stages, the interval to return to sport was also shorter. The operative procedure was the resection of the apex patellae with the degenerated part of the tendon, having its origin here. Based on 32 control examinations the results can be considered as good and the authors stress the importance of the exact operative indication and the time-sparing technique. Beside describing the possibilities of the prophylaxis authors think the adequate information given to sportsmen and the trainers essential.

[Ultrasonic examination of soft tissue injuries in the shoulder region]. / A válltájék lágyrész-sérüléseinek ultrahangvizsgálata.

Authors call attention with the demonstration of pictures of a few cases of their own to the significance of the ultrasound examination in cases of shoulder injuries. They stress that beside the demonstration of rotator cuff injuries the examination of the surrounding muscles and the labrum glenoidale should not be forgotten either. The modernization of the ultrasound devices, the improvement of the methods of examination and the obtaining of the necessary practice ensure a more and more important place to echography in the diagnosis of traumas of the motion organs.

The effect of surgery on carbohydrate metabolism. II. Insulin response during surgery.

Serum-immunoreactive insulin response on glucose load was observed during the operation of 13 patients. The tests were performed on the same patients also 5 days prior to operation. The patients were divided into two groups according to the performed operation which was either intra- or extraperitoneal. Glucose tolerance during operation remained unchanged, but the serum insulin level was considerably lower. A certain difference was detected between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal operations in this respect, though the trend of the changes was the same. The probable pathomechanism of the lacking insulin secretion on glucose is discussed.

Effect of surgery on carbohydrate metabolism.

The effect of surgery on carbohydrate metabolism has been studied in 20 patients. The blood sugar and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels were determined during various operations. The blood sugar level rose progressively with the duration of the intervention. A difference was detected in the changes of the blood sugar and serum-IRI levels during extra- and intraperitoneal operations. In the first case the rise in blood sugar and serum IRI was slighter and showed no close correlation with time. During intraperitoneal operations, no corresponding insulin response accompanied the increased blood sugar level.

Sugar metabolism in obese children.

In obese children the glucose tolerance curve results in high blood sugar values. A pathologic rise of the serum insulin level may occur even with normal blood sugar curves and the insulin levels tend to be higher in obesity of long standing. In obese children of families with diabetes, post-loading insulin levels were comparatively lower. It is suggested that this weaker insulin response is related to a prediabetic state.