ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to describe the trends in tuberculosis (TB) in the Fifth Health Region (RSV) in the Buenos Aires Province. A trend study allowed the evaluation of the average variation of change in the incidence rate (IR) using simple linear regression expressed as a mean annual variation (VAP). The number of reported TB cases and IR per 100 000 population of all TB cases, pulmonary TB (PTB) and bacteriologically confirmed PTB from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011, were analyzed by age groups: 0-14; 15-29 and over 64 years of age. The decline in IR was less than 5% for all forms of TB and lower for bacteriologically confirmed PTB cases. The highest rate of PTB and IR was concentrated in the age group of 15-29 years with stable or slightly increasing trend of IR in bacteriologically confirmed PTB. There were similar trends for bacteriologically confirmed PTB in children. The fastest decline in PTB IR occurred in 0-14 age group, while for cases over 64 years of age the decline was sustained over time. TB continues to be a health risk in RSV, with cases in younger age groups. Therefore, it remains necessary to strengthen TB control activities in this region.
Subject(s)
Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Geography, Medical , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la situación epidemiológica de la tuberculosis (TB) en la Región Sanitaria V (RSV), provincia de Buenos Aires. El estudio de tendencia permitió conocer un valor promedio de las variaciones de la tasa de incidencia (TI), calculadas por regresión lineal simple y expresadas como variación anual promedio (VAP). Se analizaron el número de casos notificados y TI por 100 000 habitantes de todas las formas de TB, los casos de TB pulmonar (TBP) y TBP confirmados por bacteriología, total casos por grupos de edad: 0 - 14; 15 - 29 y mayores de 64 años, entre el 1° de enero de 2000 al 31 de diciembre de 2011. La declinación de la TI fue menor al 5% para todas las formas de TB e inferior en las TBP confirmadas bacteriológicamente. Los casos de TBP y TI más elevadas, se concentraron en el grupo de 15 a 29 años, con tendencia estable o ligeramente ascendente de la TI en la TBP bacilífera. El mismo comportamiento presentaron los casos de TBP infantil con confirmación bacteriológica. La mayor velocidad de descenso en la TI de la TBP se produjo en este grupo de edad, mientras que en mayores de 64 años, el descenso fue sostenido en el tiempo. La TB persiste como un riesgo de salud en la RSV, con casos en edades jóvenes, por lo que sigue siendo necesario fortalecer el control de la TB en esta región.(AU)
The aim of this study was to describe the trends in tuberculosis (TB) in the Fifth Health Region (RSV) in the Buenos Aires Province. A trend study allowed the evaluation of the average variation of change in the incidence rate (IR) using simple linear regression expressed as a mean annual variation (VAP). The number of reported TB cases and IR per 100 000 population of all TB cases, pulmonary TB (PTB) and bacteriologically confirmed PTB from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011, were analyzed by age groups: 0-14; 15-29 and over 64 years of age. The decline in IR was less than 5% for all forms of TB and lower for bacteriologically confirmed PTB cases. The highest rate of PTB and IR was concentrated in the age group of 15-29 years with stable or slightly increasing trend of IR in bacteriologically confirmed PTB. There were similar trends for bacteriologically confirmed PTB in children. The fastest decline in PTB IR occurred in 0-14 age group, while for cases over 64 years of age the decline was sustained over time. TB continues to be a health risk in RSV, with cases in younger age groups. Therefore, it remains necessary to strengthen TB control activities in this region.(AU)
ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la situación epidemiológica de la tuberculosis (TB) en la Región Sanitaria V (RSV), provincia de Buenos Aires. El estudio de tendencia permitió conocer un valor promedio de las variaciones de la tasa de incidencia (TI), calculadas por regresión lineal simple y expresadas como variación anual promedio (VAP). Se analizaron el número de casos notificados y TI por 100 000 habitantes de todas las formas de TB, los casos de TB pulmonar (TBP) y TBP confirmados por bacteriología, total casos por grupos de edad: 0 - 14; 15 - 29 y mayores de 64 años, entre el 1° de enero de 2000 al 31 de diciembre de 2011. La declinación de la TI fue menor al 5% para todas las formas de TB e inferior en las TBP confirmadas bacteriológicamente. Los casos de TBP y TI más elevadas, se concentraron en el grupo de 15 a 29 años, con tendencia estable o ligeramente ascendente de la TI en la TBP bacilífera. El mismo comportamiento presentaron los casos de TBP infantil con confirmación bacteriológica. La mayor velocidad de descenso en la TI de la TBP se produjo en este grupo de edad, mientras que en mayores de 64 años, el descenso fue sostenido en el tiempo. La TB persiste como un riesgo de salud en la RSV, con casos en edades jóvenes, por lo que sigue siendo necesario fortalecer el control de la TB en esta región.
The aim of this study was to describe the trends in tuberculosis (TB) in the Fifth Health Region (RSV) in the Buenos Aires Province. A trend study allowed the evaluation of the average variation of change in the incidence rate (IR) using simple linear regression expressed as a mean annual variation (VAP). The number of reported TB cases and IR per 100 000 population of all TB cases, pulmonary TB (PTB) and bacteriologically confirmed PTB from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2011, were analyzed by age groups: 0-14; 15-29 and over 64 years of age. The decline in IR was less than 5% for all forms of TB and lower for bacteriologically confirmed PTB cases. The highest rate of PTB and IR was concentrated in the age group of 15-29 years with stable or slightly increasing trend of IR in bacteriologically confirmed PTB. There were similar trends for bacteriologically confirmed PTB in children. The fastest decline in PTB IR occurred in 0-14 age group, while for cases over 64 years of age the decline was sustained over time. TB continues to be a health risk in RSV, with cases in younger age groups. Therefore, it remains necessary to strengthen TB control activities in this region.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Geography, Medical , Incidence , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mobile Health (mHealth) based interventions have been increasingly used to improve a broad range of health outcomes. However, few researchers have reported on the process or the application of theory to guide the development of mHealth based interventions, or specifically for tuberculosis (TB) treatment management. AIMS: To describe the steps, process, and considerations in developing a text messaging-based intervention to promote treatment adherence and provide support to patients with active TB. METHODS: Traditional qualitative techniques, including semi-structured interviews, field notes, content analysis, iterative coding, and thematic analysis, were used to design and document the intervention development with a multidisciplinary team of researchers, clinicians, administrators, and patients who were in active TB treatment. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model was used to guide the coding scheme for content analysis of patient-directed TB educational material and intervention development. RESULTS: The development steps included: a) establishing intervention components, including justifications, considerations, timing and frequency of components; b) developing educational messages, including cultural adaption, text or short message service (SMS) formatting, and prioritizing message delivery order; and c) determining implementation protocol. A set of 16 IMB-based messages were developed for the educational component. Final intervention development was achieved in 3 months. CONCLUSION: A collaborative approach and application of a theory to guide the intervention design and development is supported. Although a collaborative approach was more time consuming, it resulted in a more responsive, culturally appropriate, and comprehensive intervention. Considerations for developing a text messaging based intervention are provided and may serve as a guide for similar interventions. Further empirical evidence is needed for applying the IMB model for adherence-promotion in TB efforts.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To assess a text messaging intervention to promote tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence. Methods. A mixed-methods pilot study was conducted within a public pulmonary-specialized hospital in Argentina. Patients newly diagnosed with TB who were 18 or older, and had mobile phone access were recruited and randomized to usual care plus either medication calendar (n = 19) or text messaging intervention (n = 18) for the first two months of treatment. Primary outcomes were feasibility and acceptability; secondary outcomes explored initial efficacy. Results. Feasibility was evidenced by high access to mobile phones, familiarity with texting, most phones limited to basic features, a low rate of participant refusal, and many describing suboptimal TB understanding. Acceptability was evidenced by participants indicating feeling cared for, supported, responsible for their treatment, and many self-reporting adherence without a reminder. Participants in the texting group self-reported adherence on average 77% of the days whereas only 53% in calendar group returned diaries. Exploring initial efficacy, microscopy testing was low and treatment outcomes were similar in both groups. Conclusion. The texting intervention was well accepted and feasible with greater reporting of adherence using text messaging than the diary. Further evaluation of the texting intervention is warranted.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact produced by Direct Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) application regarding to its success in the 51h Sanitary Region during the year 2 003. The cure was evaluated by a cohort study comparing two groups. Group 1: Districts in which DOTS were applied in 65% or more TB patients; group 2: Districts applying DOTS in 64% or less, or without its implementation. The global mortality was analyzed on HIV (-) as well as on HIV (+) patients in both groups. In Municipalities where DOTS strategy was applied in >65% of notified cases, the treatment success was 85.7%; the cure rate of bacteriological confirmed pulmonary disease was 86.2% and non-adherence was proved in 8.8% of cases. When DOTS was applied in equal or less than 64% of the cases, the global cure reached 67.6%; in confirmed pulmonary disease it was 68.1%, and non-adherence was proved in 21.8% of cases. Global mortality due to TB was 5.2%; 22.3% in HIV (+) and 4.1% in HIV (-). While In group 1, the cure rate of co-infected TB/HIV patients was 55.2%, non-adherence was 6.9%, in group 2 these figures were 46.4% and 19.7% respectively. Mortality rate in HIV (+) patients was 31.0% in group 1, and 16.1% in group 2. These results show that DOTS application proved to be an efficient tool to cure most of the patients, reaching the proposed goal of 85%, therefore reducing the risk of illness in the community.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Directly Observed Therapy/standards , HIV Infections/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Argentina/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Humans , Refusal to Treat , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & controlABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto epidemiológico producido por la aplicación de la estrategia del tratamiento para tuberculosis (TB) de corta duración y directamente observado (DOTS), y su correlación con el éxito en la Región Sanitaria V, durante el año 2003. Se evaluó la curación comparando dos grupos de estudio. Grupo 1: municipios con 65% o más de los casos con DOTS, y Grupo 2: con 64% o menos de los pacientes bajo esta estrategia o sin su aplicación. Se analizó la letalidad global y de pacientes HIV (+) en ambos grupos. En el grupo 1 el éxito del tratamiento fue 85.7%, con curación en las formas pulmonares confirmadas de 86.2% y abandono de 8.8%. En el grupo 2 la curación alcanzó el 67.6%, en pulmonares confirmados 68.1% y el abandono de 21.8%. La letalidad global fue 5.2%, en pacientes HIV (+) 22.3% y en los HIV (-) 4.1%. La curación en TB/HIV en el grupo 1 fue 55.2%, con abandono de 6.9%; en el grupo 2 curó el 46.4% y abandonó el 19.7%. El 31.0% de pacientes HIV (+) fallecieron en el grupo 1 y 16.1% en el grupo 2. La implementación del DOTS, permitió alcanzar la meta de curar el 85% de los casos, probando ser una herramienta eficaz, capaz de garantizar la curación de la mayoría de los pacientes y reducir el riesgo de enfermar de la comunidad.(AU)
The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact produced by Direct Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) application regarding to its success in the 5th Sanitary Region during the year 2 003. The cure was evaluated by a cohort study comparing two groups. Group 1: Districts in which DOTS were applied in 65% or more TB patients; group 2: Districts applying DOTS in 64% or less, or without its implementation. The global mortality was analyzed on HIV (-) as well as on HIV (+) patients in both groups. In Municipalities where DOTS strategy was applied in >65% of notified cases, the treatment success was 85.7%; the cure rate of bacteriological confirmed pulmonary disease was 86.2% and non-adherence was proved in 8.8% of cases. When DOTS was applied in equal or less than 64% of the cases, the global cure reached 67.6%; in confirmed pulmonary disease it was 68.1%, and non-adherence was proved in 21.8% of cases. Global mortality due to TB was 5.2%; 22.3% in HIV (+) and 4.1% in HIV (-). While In group 1, the cure rate of co-infected TB/HIV patients was 55.2%, non-adherence was 6.9%, in group 2 these figures were 46.4% and 19.7% respectively. Mortality rate in HIV (+) patients was 31.0% in group 1, and 16.1% in group 2. These results show that DOTS application proved to be an efficient tool to cure most of the patients, reaching the proposed goal of 85%, therefore reducing the risk of illness in the community.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Directly Observed Therapy/standards , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/mortality , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/microbiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/mortality , Argentina/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Treatment Outcome , Refusal to Treat , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el impacto epidemiológico producido por la aplicación de la estrategia del tratamiento para tuberculosis (TB) de corta duración y directamente observado (DOTS), y su correlación con el éxito en la Región Sanitaria V, durante el año 2003. Se evaluó la curación comparando dos grupos de estudio. Grupo 1: municipios con 65% o más de los casos con DOTS, y Grupo 2: con 64% o menos de los pacientes bajo esta estrategia o sin su aplicación. Se analizó la letalidad global y de pacientes HIV (+) en ambos grupos. En el grupo 1 el éxito del tratamiento fue 85.7%, con curación en las formas pulmonares confirmadas de 86.2% y abandono de 8.8%. En el grupo 2 la curación alcanzó el 67.6%, en pulmonares confirmados 68.1% y el abandono de 21.8%. La letalidad global fue 5.2%, en pacientes HIV (+) 22.3% y en los HIV (-) 4.1%. La curación en TB/HIV en el grupo 1 fue 55.2%, con abandono de 6.9%; en el grupo 2 curó el 46.4% y abandonó el 19.7%. El 31.0% de pacientes HIV (+) fallecieron en el grupo 1 y 16.1% en el grupo 2. La implementación del DOTS, permitió alcanzar la meta de curar el 85% de los casos, probando ser una herramienta eficaz, capaz de garantizar la curación de la mayoría de los pacientes y reducir el riesgo de enfermar de la comunidad.
The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact produced by Direct Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) application regarding to its success in the 5th Sanitary Region during the year 2 003. The cure was evaluated by a cohort study comparing two groups. Group 1: Districts in which DOTS were applied in 65% or more TB patients; group 2: Districts applying DOTS in 64% or less, or without its implementation. The global mortality was analyzed on HIV (-) as well as on HIV (+) patients in both groups. In Municipalities where DOTS strategy was applied in >65% of notified cases, the treatment success was 85.7%; the cure rate of bacteriological confirmed pulmonary disease was 86.2% and non-adherence was proved in 8.8% of cases. When DOTS was applied in equal or less than 64% of the cases, the global cure reached 67.6%; in confirmed pulmonary disease it was 68.1%, and non-adherence was proved in 21.8% of cases. Global mortality due to TB was 5.2%; 22.3% in HIV (+) and 4.1% in HIV (-). While In group 1, the cure rate of co-infected TB/HIV patients was 55.2%, non-adherence was 6.9%, in group 2 these figures were 46.4% and 19.7% respectively. Mortality rate in HIV (+) patients was 31.0% in group 1, and 16.1% in group 2. These results show that DOTS application proved to be an efficient tool to cure most of the patients, reaching the proposed goal of 85%, therefore reducing the risk of illness in the community.
