[Experimental studies of the location of neural centers in the bovine uterus]. / Badania doswiadczalne nad lokalizacja osrodków nerwowych macicy u krowy.

Three cows of the black-and-white breed were used for the studies. In cow N.1 the ovary, oviduct and the uterus were excised. In cow N.2 the uterus cornua were excised. The control was cow N.3. The animals were slaughtered after 21 days from the operation and the following material was taken: medulla oblongata, the thoraco-lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord together with bilateral spinal ganglia and the sympathetic trunk ganglia, as well as nerve ganglia and plexi of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The material was fixed in alcohol, embedded in paraffine and cut into 15 micron thick clises which were stained according to Nissel'a modified method. The analysis of the preparations ahowed that the central nervous system sends directly to the uterus a small number of nerve fibres from the following nuclei; of the vagus nerve (medulla oblongata), intermediolateralis, intermedio-medialis and of the cerebello-spinal tract (spinal cord). Most fibres innervating the uterus of the cow come from the ganglia and plexi of the peripheral vegetative system; mesenteric anterior, hypogastric, pelvic, visceral, mesenteric posterior and also form ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and spinal ganglia.

[Experimental studies of the localization of neural centers in the ovaries and fallopian tubes in cows]. / Eksperymentalne badania nad lokalizacja osrodków nerwowych jajnika i jajowodu u krowy.

For the studies 4 sexually mature cows were used, in which ovaria and oviducts were cut out bilaterally or unilaterally. The fourth cow was the control of the experiment. The operated animals were kept alive for 21 days and then slaughtered. For studies were taken: the brain stem, spinal cord from the segments Th9 - Th13 and L1 - S4, bilateral spinal ganglions, bilaterally the sympathetic chain from the segment Th10 - S4, and also ganglions and visceral-plexi, anterior mesenteric, intermesenteric, posterior mesenteric, hypogastric and pelvic. The material was fixed in alcohol, embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 micron sections. The sections were stained by Nissel's method. For examinations subsequent sections were taken. Due to the operations performed degeneration changes occurred in nervous cells in the central and peripheral nervous system. They were the basis for determination of the localization of the nervous centres for ovarium and oviduct. The source of preganglionic sympathetic visceromotor fibres for these organs is nucleus intermediolateralis in the segment L2 - L3. The sympathetic postganglionic fibres originate from cells of the sympathetic chain from L1 to L3 and from the posterior mesenteric ganglion and hypogastric plexus. The source of parasympathetic fibres for ovarium and oviduct are cells of nucleus parasympathicus nervi vagi in the segment located somewhat posteriorly from obex. The source of viscerosensory fibres for the discussed parts of the sexual organs in the cow are cells of the spinal ganglions in the segment Th9 - Th13 and cells of nucleus tractus spinocerebellaris dorsalis localized in neuromers L2 and L3.

[Changes in the central and peripheral nervous system in cows after laparotomy]. / Zmiany w osrodkowym i obwodowym ukladzie nerwowym po laparotomii u krowy.

Two sexually mature cows were used for the studies in which operations were performed, consisting in cutting the abdominal tunics at a length of 30 cm in the left iliac region. The cows were kept alive for 21 days after the operation. Then they were slaughtered, taking the following material for studies: The spinal cord, bilateral spinal ganglions, bilateral subvertebral sympathetic ganglions and autonomous ganglions of abdominal and pelvic cavities. The material was embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 n sections, which were stained with methylene blue according to Nissel. Regressive changes in cells of many nervous centres due to the operations performed were found. They were found in: spinal ganglions of the lumbar and sacral segment, nuclei of spinal grey matter (nucleus motorius, nucleus dorsalis, nucleus intermediomedialis, nucleus intermediolateralis) in the lumbar and sacral segment and in the sympathetic subvertebral ganglions of the lumbar and sacral segment. Degeneration changes of the cells were observed only on the operated side.

[Structure and topography of nucleus dorsalis in the spinal cord of horses]. / Budowa i topografia nucleus dorsalis w rdzeniu kregowym konia.

The material for the study was taken from 2 spinal cords of sexually mature horses. Preparations obtained from this material were stained according to Nissl and with the use of cresyl violet. The nucleus dorsalis of the horse extends from the 8th cervical neuromere to the 3rd lumbar neuromere of the spinal cord. The cells which form this nucleus lie in the grey matter of the spinal cord, dorsolaterally of the central canal. The nucleus dorsalis is made out of large and medium-size round and oval cells. The characteristic feature of the structure and configuration of this nucleus in the horse is the occurrence of numerous discontinuities over a considerable part of its length. The nucleus is continuous only over a short distance contained between Th17 and 2/3 of the anterior L2. The nucleus dorsalis shows great variation with regard to the number of cells which form it in the individual neuromeres of the spinal cord. In this respect, the best developed segment of the nucleus in the horse is contained between Th17 and L2.

[Structure and topography of the nucleus intermediomedialis in the equine spinal cord]. / Budowa i topografia nucleus intermediomedialis w rdzeniu kregowym u konia.

In this paper, structure and position of the centers of the parasympathetic nervous system in the horse spinal cord were presented. Studies were carried out on 2 horse spinal cordis. After sampling, the material was dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 micron thick sections. The sections were stained according to Nissl's method. Every third section was studied. Nucleus intermediomedialis in the horse spinal cord is an intermittent tract of nervous cells passing from the I cervical neuromere to the V sacral segment. The cells of this nucleus form round, horizontally--oval concentrations on the transversal sections or its cells are situated loosely in the pars intermedia of the spinal cord grey substance in a small distance from the central canal. Nucleus intermediomedialis is constructed of round, oval, spindle-shaped, small cells of average size along its whole length. This nucleus is best developed in the sacral segment, a little weaker in the cervical and lumbar parts and the weakest in the thoracic part of the spinal cord.

[Experimental studies on the parasympathetic nervous system of the trachea]. / Eksperymentalne badania nad osrodkami nerwowymi przpywspólczulnymi tchawicy.

3 sheep of approximately 4 years of age were used in the experiments. In 2 sheep in the cervical part of trachea all the nervous branches reaching this organ were cut and the remaining sheep was control. The animals were alive for 21 days. The following material was sampled for investigations: medulla oblongata, cervical part of spinal cord, bilateral spinal ganglions from C1 to C8, bilateral nodus ganglion and zygomatic ganglion and left and right parts of the cervical vagus nerve. The material was fixed and cut into 15 micron sections and stained according to the modified method of Nissl. The experiments evoked vast regressive changes in the nervous cells of both central and peripheral nervous system which helped to determine the source of outlet of fibers innervating this organ. In this paper the sources of outlet for the parasympathetic nervous fibers were presented. It was found that parasympathetic nervous centers connected with trachea were located in 1/3 of the central part of nucleus parasympathicus, anterior to obex, so in this part of nucleus which is the main source of outlet for the esophageal dorsal trunk and the ventral vagus nerve.