[Functional state feature of erythrocytes in healthy term newborn infants].

Hematological parameters and functional status of erythrocytes were studied by the osmotic and ammonium loads in healthy newborns and in adults. Mean erythrocyte volume of newborns more than in adults. Significant difference index of osmotic fragility of neonates were observed in the transition from swelling to hemolysis. Kinetic of erythrocyte's hemolysis in the ammonium load was studied by low-angle light scattering (LaSca-analyzer). The percentage of erythrocyte hemolysis is lower and the velocity of hemolysis is 2.5 times slower in newborns than in adults.

[Features of the rheological properties of red blood cells in healthy newborns].

Variability of deformation and aggregation properties of erythrocytes is a component part of nonspecific antihypoxic response of formation of adequate blood flow in the tissues and efficiency of the microcirculation in different sections of the vascular bed. Degree of change in these properties during neonatal adaptation to spontaneous breathing can be a marker of its abnormality. We examined 19 healthy full-term newborns in the first 1-2 and 13 children in the first 5-7 days of life. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people aged 25-35 years. It is shown that the aggregation properties of erythrocytes, reduced on the birthday, significantly increased to 5-7 day to values in adults. Erythrocyte deformability in neonates enhanced by an excess reserve of specific surface and reduced strength of the membranes to stretch. Adapting to the transition to spontaneous breathing accompanied by an emphasis on the hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics.

[The cyclic organization of sleep in early ontogenesis in different conditions of intrauterine fetus development].

The modern data about sleep development in early ontogenesis of newborns infants are presented. EEG-polysomnographic studies in newborns with different perinatal pathology document patterns of postnatal brain maturation have diagnostic and prognostic value.

[Peculiarity of cyclic sleep organization and production of melatonin in intrauterine growth retardation's newborns].

The data about forming of cyclic sleep organization and production of melatonin in intrauterine growth re- tardation's newborns are presented. It was established that disturbance of cyclic sleep organization in newborns with IUGR and low melatonin production indicate the degree of brain's damage after chronic hypoxia.

[Regulation of ceruloplasmin gene activity in mammary gland cells].

Tissue-specific regulation of the expression of ceruloplasmin (CP) gene, which encodes major copper-containing extracellular glycoprotein was investigated. A decrease of the CP concentration associated with copper amounts in milk during the first 3 days of lactation was used as phenotypic index for evaluating the CP enzyme activity in the mammary gland. Computer analysis of mammalian CP gene promoter region has revealed conserved sequences of cis-elements, which potentially were capable of regulating the enzyme activity. It has been shown that changes in the nucleotide sequence of specific transcriptional factor binding sites located at 5'-end of CP gene were associated with disturbance of the regular downregulation of CP gene activity during lactation.

[Milk ceruloplasmin as a physiological source of nutritional copper in early ontogenesis in mammals].

This work elucidates the role of ceruloplasmin (Cp): the main soluble copper containing glycoprotein, in newborn infant copper metabolism. An over 3-fold drop of Cp and copper concentration in samples of skimmed milk from 2 to 5 days of lactation was demonstrated. It has been shown that [125I]Cp of the breast milk is discovered in the blood plasma after its was administered per os to 6-day old rats. In the body, [125I]Cp was specifically bound to cells and lost copper ions. Alternatively, after copper metabolism change to adult type, milk [125I]Cp isn't carried from gastrointestinal tract to the blood. During 8 days, newborn rats were fed with baby formula and we have found that in this case changing of the copper metabolism type takes place earlier in contrast to the litter fed by females. Transcription of the Cp gene activated in liver, Cp and the copper ions concentration in the blood plasma increased proportionally, whereas in liver the copper concentration is decreased. In the brain, changes typical for adult copper metabolism, were not discovered. But in cerebrospinal fluid copper and Cp concentration sharply increased. The role of milk Cp in controlling the copper balance in newborn rats and the tissue-specific mechanism of Cp gene activity regulation are under discussion.

[Effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on free radical oxidation and antioxidant system of blood in the newborn who had acute hypoxia at birth]. / Vliianie giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii na svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie i antioksidantnuiu sistemu krovi novorozhdennykh detei, perenesshikh ostruiu gipoksiiu pri rozhdenii.

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was added to the complex of intensive care for 14 full-term newborns born asphyxiated and with cerebral circulation disorders of the I-II degree. Study of the antioxidant enzymatic system and free-radical oxidation by chemiluminescence showed no changes in superoxide dismutase and catalase and a 1.6-2 times increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, on the one hand, and an appreciable decrease of free radical processes, on the other. This permitted a conclusion about the absence of toxic effects during HBO and on its membrane-stabilizing action.

[Current problems in the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia infection in newborns]. / Aktualnye problemy kliniki, diagnostiki i lecheniia khlamidiinoi infektsii u novorozhdennykh detei.

A comprehensive study of the course of the early neonatal period in 120 newborns infected with Chlamydia, analysis of somatic and obstetrical and gynecological anamnesis and the course of gestation, labor, and postpartum period in their mothers, and prospective clinical and microbiological examinations of these infants up to the age of 1 year revealed that the fetus is infected not only during delivery, but antenatally as well. The disease runs an extremely grave course in the neonates, often with generalization of the process. Chlamydial infection in the early neonatal period depends on the time and massiveness of infection of a child, the degree of morphofunctional maturity of the baby and presence of concomitant diseases related to unfavorable conditions of intrauterine development; it may take the following clinical forms: intrauterine sepsis, meningoencephalitis, intrauterine pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, gastroenteropathy, conjunctivitis. Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease are discussed.

[Maternal diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in the development of renal pathology in children]. / Sakharnyi diabet materi kak faktor riska razvitiia patologii pochek u detei.

Forty-four children of diabetic mothers aged 10.5 years on an average were examined. Ultrasonography and renography with 123I-hippuran label were used to assess these children's renal status. Various malformations (double kidneys, kidney agenesia, fused of floating kidneys) were detected in 10 patients, in 16 various functional renal disorders were revealed. The authors suppose that maternal juvenile diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, hydramnion, and poor metabolic control during a diabetic pregnancy result in abnormal development of fetal kidneys.