The comparative evaluation of apoptosis produced by leuprolide or orchiectomy on rat prostate tissue.

INTRODUCTION: Organisms are constantly in a balance meaning that while new cells are produced, some of the older ones die which takes place in 2 ways: necrosis or apoptosis. Apoptosis is the programmed cellular death triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli. In this study we have evaluated the apoptosis of prostate tissue generated by surgical or medical orchiectomy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In this experimental study, we used 36 adult male rats that were evaluated in 3 groups. The first group (Group 1) consisted of 12 rats that had bilateral orchiectomy; the second group (Group 2) included 12 rats that were given leuprolide acetate and the third group (Group 3) consisted of 12 control rats. Immunohistochemical staining of the prostate of all rats was performed and the presence of glandular atrophy and apoptosis were evaluated in the three groups. The statistical differences between the two groups were evaluated by the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Glandular atrophy was not determined in any rat of the control group, and the apoptotic staining was in the normal limits in all the control rats. In Leuprolide group, glandular atrophy was mild in 7 cases, and moderate in 3 rats. In 2 rats of the Leuprolide group, atrophy was not demonstrated. In surgical orchiectomy group, glandular atrophy was present in all cases. Atrophy was observed as cystic atrophy. Statistical analysis with the Fisher exact test revealed that glandular atrophy was statistically significantly more common in surgical orchiectomy group compared with Leuprolide group (p = 0,012). CONCLUSION: If the aim of treatment in androgen dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma or benign prostate hypertrophy is the construction of a robust apoptosis, bilateral orchiectomy generates a more powerful apoptosis compared with Leuprolide.

Primary testicular lymphoma: Two case reports and review of the literature.

Primary testicular lymphoma, is a rare testis tumor that accounts for only less than 9% of all testis tumors. In the preoperative period, it is extremely difficult to distinguish this tumor from other testis tumors. Its diagnosis is done by histological analysis. Most commonly encountered histological type is diffuse large Bcell lymphoma. Adjuvant radiotheraphy and/or chemotheraphy is given after orchiectomy. Prognosis is worse than other testis tumors. Non-metastatic tumors indicates good prognosis within one year. Ongoing research in patients with primary testicular lymphoma, are on efficacy of adjuvant theraphies and preventive and cure effect on extranodal extension to central nervous system which is the most common site for recurrency. There are conflicting results because of the small number of patient size. Here we present two cases with primary testicular lymphoma at the ages 71 and 82.

Ubiquinol effect on sperm parameters in subfertile men who have astheno-teratozoospermia with normal sperm concentration.

BACKGROUND: Considering all the couples willing and trying to get pregnant, the incidence of infertility is 15% of which approximately half of the cases are due to the male factors. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was the investigation of the effects of ubiquinol, reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10), an empiric treatment modality, on sperm parameters in idiopathic subfertility. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 62 patients who had received 100 mg ubiquinol twice a day for six months due to idiopathic infertility since January 2012 to January 2013 were included. Only infertile patients with astheno-teratozoospermia without any identified etiology and with a spermatozoa concentration of greater than 13 × 10(6)/mL were included. RESULTS: The increase in mean values of concentration after the ubiquinol treatment was not statistically significant (P value = 0.065). However, the changes in morphology and motility (fast progressive [a] and a + slow progressive [b]) were statistically significant (P < 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The weakness of the literature with regard to coenzyme Q10 is about its effects in patients with severely diminished sperm densities and the physiologic steps of morphologic improvements.

The adverse influence of spina bifida occulta on the medical treatment outcome of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports have suggested that the incidence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) in patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spina bifida occulta on the medical treatment outcome of PMNE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2011, a total of 223 children (151 boys and 72 girls, aged 6-16 years; mean age: 10.1 ± 3.04 years) with PMNE were reviewed retrospectively. All of the children underwent physical examination, urine analysis, urinary tract ultrasonography and kidney ureter bladder (KUB) scout film. All patients were initially treated with a timed voiding program and were given desmopressin acetate when necessary. RESULTS: Spina bifida occulta was detected in 75 children (33.6%). Spina bifida occulta affected L4 in 2 children, L5 in 6 children, L4-L5 in 3 children, S1 in 52 children, S2 in 7 children and S1-S2 in 2 children. Treatment was successful in 79% of the children without SBO, and in only 48% of the children with SBO. Medical treatment success rates differed significantly between the study groups. CONCLUSION: The presence of spina bifida occulta significantly affects the response to medical treatment in patients with PMNE. Thus, verifying spina bifida occulta status in PMNE can facilitate prognostic predictions about the response to medical treatment.

Ipsilateral testicular catch-up growth rate following microsurgical inguinal adolescent varicocelectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ipsilateral catch-up growth rates compared to contralateral testicular growth in adolescents with varicocele undergoing microsurgical inguinal varicocelectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 2005 and May 2007, 39 adolescent patients with grade 2-3 varicocele admitted to our clinic with complaints of pain and/or testicular asymmetry were operated. Preoperative mean age was 14.5 ± 1.96 (9-17). Testicular volumes were assessed with ultrasound every 3 months. The available followup was 39 months. RESULTS: In our series, mean testicular preoperative volumes were 9.07 ± 3.19 mL for the right and 5.90 ± 1.74 mL for the left. Mean testicular volumes at the end of follow up were 13.97 ± 3.42 mL for the right and 12.20 ± 4.05 mL for the left. The testicular catch-up growth approximately begins after the 9th month and significant catch-up occurred in the 12-24 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Since testicular volume is the primary method of assessing testicular function in adolescents, testicular size can predict future fertility status significantly 9 months after surgical varicocele correction.