Sonographic Measurement of Liver Length And Percentiles Among Children in Warri, Nigeria.

PURPOSE: To use sonography to measure liver longitudinal length and determine liver longitudinal length percentiles among children in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. METHODS: Midclavicular liver longitudinal length was measured in a sample of 320 children 10 years and younger. Mean liver longitudinal length was calculated for boys and girls separately, boys and girls combined, and each age group. The liver longitudinal length was correlated with age, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and body mass index (BMI). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles were calculated. RESULTS: The mean liver longitudinal length for the boys and girls combined was 9.1 ± 0.6 cm. The relationship between liver longitudinal length and age, height, and weight was linear (r = 0.896, 0.906 and 0.910, respectively). A negative correlation was observed between liver longitudinal length and BMI (r = -0.424), but the relationship between liver longitudinal length and BSA was positive (r = 0.929). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 95th percentiles of the liver measurements conformed to the typical growth pattern of the liver. DISCUSSION: Although an increase in liver size was in line with expected somatic growth in infants and children 10 years and younger, increases in liver length was progressive and most rapid in the first year of life in the cohort of children in this study. In children 10 years and younger, sexual dimorphism in liver size appears to be of doubtful clinical significance because it tends to be transient. CONCLUSION: When age or any other anthropometric parameter is known, the presented typical values of liver longitudinal length, percentiles, and regression equations can serve as reference values during sonographic assessment of liver size among children in Warri, Nigeria. Furthermore, the use of different growth curves and different reference values during sonographic evaluation of the liver among children might be unnecessary.

Common Factors Affecting Radiographic Diagnostic Quality in X-Ray Facilities in Lagos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the common factors that affect the diagnostic quality of radiographs in radiodiagnostic centers in Lagos state, Nigeria. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires containing both open- and close-ended questions were distributed to the supervising radiographers in radiodiagnostic centers within the Lagos metropolis. The questions asked included the film/reject ratio in each center and reasons why each film was rejected. RESULTS: Faulty x-ray machines, movement on the part of the patient, poor darkroom film processing, and suboptimal radiographic techniques were the main reasons respondents identified as factors commonly responsible for the production of faulty films. In some cases, more than one of these factors was responsible. CONCLUSION: There is a need to routinely ensure that x-ray machines are properly calibrated in order to reduce the rate of film rejects in our x-ray facilities. In addition, equipment that is old and cannot be properly calibrated should be replaced. This would guarantee optimum performance and reduce radiation dose to patients and personnel. Younger radiographers should also be open to mentoring by older colleagues so they can acquire useful tips on how to reduce the production of films with unacceptable diagnostic quality. They should be encouraged to attend continuing education programs for improved expertise. Also, quality control and maintenance programs such as the reject film analysis or regular equipment maintenance should be enforced in radiodiagnostic centers.