An overview of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women

Menopause and the climacteric period are associated with adverse risk factors for the development of vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is a common problem in postmenopausal women; often underdiagnosed; inadequately treated; frequently overlooked; and most often impairing the quality of life of these women. To provide clinicians with current information on vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. This study is a literature review on vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Relevant publications were identified through a search of PubMed and Medline; selected references; journals; and textbooks on this topic; and were included in the review. The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction increases with age. It is a common multidimensional problem for postmenopausal women that alter the physiological; biochemical; psychological; and sociocultural environment of a woman. Menopause-related sexual dysfunction may not be reversible without therapy. Estrogen therapy is the most effective option and is the current standard of care for vulvovaginal atrophy-related sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Sexual dysfunction is a common multidimensional problem for postmenopausal women and often impairs the quality of life of these women. Estrogen preparations are the most effective treatment. Selective estrogen receptor modulators; vaginal dehydroepiandrostenedione; vaginal testosterone; and tissue-selective estrogen complexes are promising therapies; but further studies are required to confirm their role; efficacy; and safety

Women's opinions and experiences with induction of labor and cesarean delivery on request in south eastern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the opinions and experiences of women regarding induction of labor and cesarean delivery on request in south eastern Nigeria. METHOD: Women were interviewed using questionnaires on their awareness of their right to request labor induction and/or a cesarean delivery, and of their experience and opinion of the procedures. RESULTS: Of the 15.1% of the respondents who knew they could request a cesarean delivery, 2.4% had requested one; and of the 56.3% who knew they could request labor induction, 6.9% had requested one. Only 5.3% and 11.3% of the respondents who would chose the former or the latter procedure, respectively, said that they would insist on receiving it. Fear of their physicians' negative attitude regarding the procedures, and/or abandonment of care, ranked highest among their reasons for not insisting. CONCLUSION: In south eastern Nigeria few women are aware of their right to a cesarean delivery on request and the rate of refusal to perform such deliveries is high among physicians; more women are aware of their right to receive induction of labor on request and the acceptance rate is higher among physicians; and most women are unwilling to insist that their physician respect their choice.