Corneal cross-linking for treatment of keratoconus relapse in post-keratoplasty eyes.

PURPOSE: Keratoconus relapse after penetrating keratoplasty is a rare condition that may result in severe visual deterioration and corneal graft thinning. Therefore, treatment to stabilize the cornea should be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) in eyes with relapse of keratoconus after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of eyes that developed keratoconus relapse following a penetrating keratoplasty and treated with CXL. The main outcome measures were change in maximal keratometry (Kmax), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and central corneal thickness (CCT), and complications. RESULTS: We identified 10 consecutive eyes of 9 patients. Preoperative median BCVA before the CXL and 1 year after the CXL procedure remained stable (p = 0.68). The median (IQR) of Kmax improved from 63.2 (24.9) D before the CXL procedure to 62.2 (27.1) D at 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.028). Median TCT and CCT also remained with no significant change 1 year after CXL. No complications were noted following the procedure. CONCLUSION: CXL in eyes with keratoconus relapse after keratoplasty is a safe and effective procedure enabling not only visual stabilization but also might bring keratometry improvement. Routine follow-up after keratoplasty should be performed for early detection of keratoconus relapse and CXL is timely advised when such a relapse is documented.

The Change in Corneal and Conjunctival Sensation Following Pterygium Surgery.

BACKGROUND: The cornea is one of the most densely innervated in the body. Pterygium surgery includes removal of the pterygium tissue from the cornea and conjunctiva followed by autologous conjunctival grafting. OBJECTIVES: To examine the change in corneal and conjunctival sensation post-pterygium surgery. METHODS: This prospective study included patients with primary pterygium. We collected and analyzed demographic data, visual acuity (VA), refraction, quantified sensation, and corneal tomography. Comparison in sensation in the cornea, conjunctiva, and conjunctival autograft was recorded the day of surgery and at least 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Nine patients participated in the study. Mean follow-up time was 9 months (9  3.3, 6-12.4). No complications were documented during or following surgery and no recurrences were found. Statistically significant increases in corneal sensation in the nasal corneal and in the nasal conjunctival areas were noted by the end of follow-up compared to before surgery (P = 0.05, paired samples t-test). There was a significant correlation between the increase in nasal corneal and conjunctival sensation with improved Schirmer testing outcomes and tear break-up time after surgery (P = 0.05, P = 0.01, Pearson correlation). There was a positive correlation between the changes in nasal corneal sensation after surgery and improved changes in VA (P = 0.02, Pearson correlation). CONCLUSIONS: We found improvement in sensation 9 months after pterygium surgery, which may be due to reinnervation of the cornea and conjunctival autograft from the neighboring non-injured nerve fibers. Larger studies with confocal microscopy should be conducted for further analysis.

Accelerated Versus Standard Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in the Treatment of Keratoconus: One-Year Results.

BACKGROUND: Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory disease characterized by progressive corneal steepening, which leads to decreased visual acuity secondary to high irregular astigmatism. OBJECTIVES: To compare the one-year outcomes of accelerated vs. standard collagen crosslinking (CXL) in the treatment of keratoconus. METHODS: A database search of patients who underwent CXL from 2009 to 2017 was conducted at the cornea clinic at Sheba Medical Center. Charts of 99 adult patients (124 eyes) were reviewed. All patients were diagnosed with keratoconus. Main outcome measures were change in keratometry, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA. RESULTS: We evaluated outcomes in two groups: CXL with standard (3 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes) vs. the accelerated (9 mW/cm2 for 10 minutes) protocol. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to BCVA, UCVA, and mean spherical equivalent (P =0.83, 0.0519, 0.181, respectively). The corneal thickness in the center and thinnest location were higher in the accelerated group than the in the standard group (P = 0.126). Complication rates did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated and standard CXL are both safe and effective techniques. Accelerated CXL confers the added benefit of being a faster procedure to both patients and surgeons.

Does PACK-CXL Change the Prognosis of Resistant Infectious Keratitis?

PURPOSE: To examine the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of all cases of infectious keratitis resistant to conventional therapy and treated by photo-activated chromophore for keratitis corneal cross-linking (PACK-CXL) in one institution between 2012 and 2016. METHODS: A database search of patients who underwent PACK-CXL (ultraviolet-A for 10 minutes for irradiance of 9 mW/cm2) for infectious keratitis unresponsive to medical treatment at a tertiary care hospital was conducted. The following parameters were documented: patient demographic information, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) before the procedure and at the end of follow-up, characteristics of the ulcer, antibiotic treatment prior to CXL, culture results, and long-term complications. Cases with less than 1 year of follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: PACK-CXL was performed in 18 consecutive eyes. CDVA at the time of presentation was 1.47 logMAR (mean 1.47 ± 0.72 logMAR, range: 0.00 to 2.79 logMAR). Culture results were positive in 72% of eyes (13 of 18 patients) and no pathogens were identified in 28% of eyes (5 of 18 patients). All patients were treated with more than one antibiotic. The mean CDVA at the end of follow-up was 1.22 logMAR (mean: 1.22 ± 0.89 logMAR, range: 0 to 2.07 logMAR). There was no significant change between CDVA at presentation to CDVA at the end of follow-up (matched pair, P = .126). One eye underwent an emergency therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with large, central corneal ulcer and poor CDVA who were resistant to conventional treatment underwent PACK-CXL. At the end of follow-up, only one eye required emergency penetrating keratoplasty. This low rate might be attributed to a good response to CXL. [J Refract Surg. 2018;34(8):559-563.].

[Corneal collagen cross-linking novel technique for prevention of keratoconus progression: results after one-year at the Sheba Medical Center].

BACKGROUND: Keratoconus is a progressive corneal degenerative disease that appears in young adults and causes progressive myopia and irregular astigmatism affecting visual acuity. The quality of life may be severely impaired in these young adults. Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking (CXL) is a novel technique aimed at stopping disease progression. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the refractive and topographic outcome 12 months after CXL treatment in patients with progressive keratoconus. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 15 eyes of 14 patients with progressive keratoconus were treated with standard CXL. Patients were assessed preoperatively, at week 1 and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after treatment. Outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) refraction, biomicroscopy and fundus examination, corneal topography and pachymetry. RESULTS: Comparing the preoperative data with 12 months postoperative results, we observed stabilization of the average keratometry values 51.2 to 50.67 (diopters), P = 0.605. The BCVA values remained stable 0.47 to 0.57 (decimal point) P = 0.6626. CONCLUSION: Our series of patients with progressive keratoconus supports the effect of crosslinking to prevent disease progression. Regularization of the corneal keratometry values and minor improvement of the visual acuity may be additional benefits of this procedure.

Riboflavin/UVA photochemical therapy for severe infectious keratitis.

PURPOSE: To describe the antibacterial activity of treatment with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light (UVA) in cases of severe infectious keratitis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of an interventional case series in which 6 eyes of 6 patients with severe infectious keratitis, all of whom were refractive to multidrug conventional therapy, were treated with riboflavin/UVA. The procedure was conducted according to the standardized protocol of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for keratoconus. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and clinical outcomes were evaluated before and during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Five of the 6 patients showed rapid reduction in symptoms and decreased infiltrate size after riboflavin/UVA photochemical therapy. Signs of infection and inflammation mostly resolved within 1 to 2 weeks after the treatment. Despite this therapy, one patient continued to deteriorate, and penetrating keratoplasty was performed. CONCLUSIONS: The adjunctive use of riboflavin/UVA photochemical therapy has a positive effect on refractory infectious keratitis. The treatment seems to be safe and effective and should be considered as part of the first-line therapy in severe cases of infectious keratitis.

Prevalence of dry eye syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and effect of dry eye in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) and to correlate the findings to the duration after transplantation. METHODS: A total of 222 eyes of 111 patients after aHSCT at the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Israel in a consecutive 3-year period. All patients underwent a full ophthalmic examination and filled the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire to assess ocular involvement in the form of dry eye syndrome or any other ocular manifestation. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, tear break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer test, and OSDI questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients were recruited. In 37%, a diagnosis of ocular graft versus host disease was previously made and 46% had no previous ocular examination. Schirmer test was less than 5 mm in 50% of all patients, and in 30% of patients with undiagnosed ocular involvement. The mean OSDI score was 13, and in 28% it was above 20. Correlation was found between visual acuity decrease and high OSDI score to the diagnosis of ocular graft versus host disease and signs of dry eye syndrome. A trend of worsening dry eye was observed up to the second half of the second year posttransplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Although many patients are either asymptomatic or do not seek ophthalmic examination, severe dry eye is a common finding after aHSCT. Mandatory follow-up, patient education, and early treatment may improve the quality of life.

A model for quantifying difficulty in squeezing eyedrops from their containers.

Difficulty in squeezing eyedrops from bottles has been acknowledged as leading to reduced compliance. The purpose of this study was to develop objective means for assessing the force needed to extract eyedrops from bottles and to compare agents from the same pharmacological groups. A leverlike apparatus was designed for measurement of the required force. Comparing several topical agents, 3 bottles from the same batch were tested in a masked fashion and mean values were calculated. A total of 41 topical agents from 6 pharmacological groups were studied. The force required to squeeze an eyedrop ranged widely, from 700 to 2550 g. Significant differences (P

Trandolapril and endothelin antagonist LU-135252 in the treatment of the fructose-induced hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic rat.

BACKGROUND: In view of the demonstrated interaction between endothelin and the renin-angiotensin system, the antihypertensive effect of combined therapy with an endothelin antagonist LU-135252 and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril, was studied in fructose-induced hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Forty animals were fed a fructose-enriched diet (Tekled, Harlan) for 5 weeks, as follows: group A, fructose only; group B, trandolapril 0.1 mg/kg/day added during the last 2 weeks; group C, LU-135252 100 mg/kg/day added during the last 2 weeks; group D, both trandolapril and LU-135252 added the last 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly in conscious rats by the indirect tail-cuff method. Blood samples from a retro-orbital sinus puncture were taken at the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 5 weeks and examined for insulin and triglyceride concentrations. RESULTS: Systolic BP decreased in group B (trandolapril) from 148.8 +/- 9.8 at 3 weeks to 138.3 +/- 8.7 mm Hg after 5 weeks; in group C (endothelin antagonist) from 155.1 +/- 5.5 to 142.5 +/- 10.6 mm Hg; and in group D (combination) from 154.6 +/- 10.9 to 121.2 +/- 8.9 mm Hg. Triglyceride levels decreased only in the combined trandolapril/endothelin antagonist group from 167.6 +/- 55.3 in the third week to 134.9 +/- 53.7 mg/dL after 5 weeks. Insulin levels decreased only on combination therapy from 7.4 +/- 3.6 to 5.3 +/- 3.8 ng/mL during the same period. The BP decrease was additive compared with the respective individual substances. CONCLUSIONS: The trandolapril/endothelin antagonist combination appears to offer a rational antihypertensive combination that is superior to that of either drug alone. This finding applies to the specific rat model studied in which BP, insulin, and triglycerides were increased by fructose diet.