Pathology of breast lesions in female transgender / Patología de las lesiones mamarias en las mujeres transgénero

Female transgender (male to female) is an individual assigned male sex at birth born but who identifies itself and desires to live as female. To achieve and maintain these characteristics, sometimes, it is necessary to undergo hormone therapy and/or surgical treatment. Benign lesions have been described including: fibroadenoma, lobular hyperplasia, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, myofibroblastoma, angiolipoma and benign prosthesic reactions. And malignant pathology such as: ductal carcinoma in situ, Paget's disease, infiltrating carcinoma of non-special type (ductal, NOS), secretory adenocarcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumor and breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The described cases of each of these entities are reviewed. In conclusion, hormonal action or prosthesis implantation in female transgender can lead to associated pathologies in the mammary gland that follow a similar pattern to that found in the male breast. Although breast cancer is less frequent than in cisgender women, gynecological control or screening is recommended by some associations

La mujer transgénero (hombre a mujer) es aquella persona nacida varón pero que se identifica y desea vivir como una mujer. Para lograr este objetivo muchas veces precisa de tratamiento hormonal o quirúrgico para alcanzar los atributos sexuales de una mujer. La patología mamaria que estos pacientes pueden presentar es superponible a la patología de la mama masculina, a la patología derivada del tratamiento hormonal y a la relacionada con los implantes mamarios sintéticos. Se han descrito lesiones benignas que incluyen: fibroadenoma, hiperplasia lobulillar, hiperplasia estromal seudoangiomatosa, miofibroblastoma, angiolipoma y reacciones benignas a la prótesis. Y patología maligna como: carcinoma ductal in situ, enfermedad de Paget, carcinoma infiltrante de tipo no especial (ductal, NOS), adenocarcinoma secretor, tumor filoides maligno y linfoma anaplásico de célula grande asociado a prótesis. Se revisan los casos descritos de cada una de estas entidades. En conclusión, la acción hormonal o la implantación de prótesis en las mujeres transgénero pueden llevar asociadas patologías en la glándula mamaria que siguen un patrón similar al de la patología encontrada en la mama del varón. Aunque el cáncer de mama es menos frecuente que en las mujeres cisgénicas, se recomienda un control ginecológico o mediante cribado igual al de estas

Malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometriosis with lymph node metastasis: Case report and review of literature.

•A simple endometriosis can result in malignancy pathology, as a neoplasia.•Wall-abdominal tumors and soft tissue as a possible differential diagnosis of abdominal wall endometriosis•Preperitoneal node-metastasis as malignancy of endometriosis in previous cesarean scar.

Influence of the in situ component in 389 infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to evaluate and compare lymph node involvement, as well as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), between infiltrating ductal carcinoma with (group 1) and without (group 2) intraductal carcinoma component in order to determine the prognostic value of the intraductal component. METHODS: Data from 389 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast were included in the study by means of reviewing medical charts and pathology slides. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding node status. The 5-year DFS rate was 90.7% in group 1 and 81.8% in group 2 (p = 0.014), with a median follow-up of 73.2 months (95% CI 68.3-77.4). There was no statistically significant difference in 5-year OS between groups (98% group 1 vs. 93% group 2) with a median global survival of 134 months (95% CI 131-137). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of intraductal component in the infiltrating carcinoma seems to increase DFS and may be an independent and favorable prognostic factor for breast cancer.

[Node status in 454 ductal breast cancers cases according to the association with in situ component]. / Afectación ganglionar en 454 casos con carcinoma ductal infiltrante de mama según el hallazgo de componente intraductal asociado.

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma develops from precursor lesions or pre-invasive. It is accepted that the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma increased slightly in hyperplasia, but especially in cases of atypical hyperplasia and intraductal carcinoma. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the nodal status between ductal breast cancer with in situ component (group 1) or without it (group 2). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study that included 454 ductal breast cancers. Data concerning clinical and pathological variables was collected. All data was compared between both groups. RESULTS: Among all cases, 176 (38.8%) showed positive lymph nodes, 136 patients (39.5%) from group 1 and 40 cases (36.4%) from group 2. Among group 1 cases, high-grade subgroup showed higher positive lymph node rate (82 cases, 55.4%) than the extensive in situ carcinomas subgroup (84 cases, 49.7%). Both of them had a significant higher rate than group 2 cases (p = 0.003 y p = 0.028, respectively). Moreover, the low-grade in situ carcinomas without cellular necrosi had positive lymph nodes just in 30 cases (24%), significantly lower (p = 0.034) than group 2. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find overall statistical differences between groups depending on in situ associated component. But when we analyzed in situ subgroups, we found differences with higher positive lymph node rate in high grade carcinomas and extensive in situ carcinomas subgroups, while lower affectation rates were observed in low grade carcinomas (without cellular necrosis), compared to the group of breast cancers without in situ component associated.